Dan Zahavi

Dan Zahavi was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to an Israeli father and a Danish mother. He initially studied phenomenology at the University of Copenhagen. He obtained his PhD in 1994 from the Husserl Archives at the Katholieke Universiteit in Leuven, Belgium, with Rudolf Bernet as his doctoral supervisor. In 1999 he defended his Danish Disputats (Habilitation) at the University of Copenhagen. In 2002, at the age of 34, he became Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Subjectivity Research at the University of Copenhagen. In the period 2018-2021, he was also Professor of Philosophy at University of Oxford. He is married to the Austrian philosopher Sophie Loidolt.

Zahavi writes on phenomenology (especially the philosophy of Edmund Husserl) and philosophy of mind. In his writings, he has dealt extensively with topics such as self, self-consciousness, intersubjectivity and social cognition. He is co-editor of the journal Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. Zahavi's work has been translated into more than 30 languages.

In several books and articles, Zahavi has defended the existence and significance of pre-reflective self-consciousness, and argued in favor of the idea that our experiential life is characterized by a form of self-consciousness that is more primitive and more fundamental than the reflective form of self-consciousness that one finds in various kinds of introspection.{{Cite journal|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|date=1999|title=Self-awareness and Alterity. A Phenomenological Investigation|journal=Studies in Phenomenology & Existential Philosophy|publisher=Evanston: Northwestern University Press}}{{Cite book|title=Subjectivity and Selfhood: Investigating the first-person perspective|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=The MIT Press|year=2005|location=Cambridge, MA}}{{Cite book|title=Self and Other: Exploring subjectivity, empathy and shame.|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Oxford University press|year=2014|location=Oxford}} More generally speaking, Zahavi has spoken out against different reductionist approaches to consciousness, and insisted on the theoretical significance of subjectivity and the first-person perspective.{{Cite book|title=The Phenomenological Mind. 2nd Edition.|last1=Gallagher|first1=S.|last2=Zahavi|first2=Dan|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|location=London}}

In working on these issues, Zahavi has collaborated and debated with psychiatrists,{{Cite journal|last1=Zahavi|first1=Dan|last2=Parnas|first2=J.|date=2003|title=Conceptual Problems in Infantile Autism Research: Why Cognitive Science Needs Phenomenology|journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies|volume=10/9|pages=53–71}}{{Cite journal|last1=Parnas|first1=J.|last2=Sass|first2=L.A.|last3=Zahavi|first3=Dan|date=2008|title=Recent developments in philosophy of psychopathology.|journal=Current Opinion in Psychiatry|volume=21|issue=6|pages=578–584|doi=10.1097/YCO.0b013e32830e4610|pmid=18924253}} developmental psychologists,{{Cite journal|last1=Rochat|first1=Ph.|last2=Zahavi|first2=Dan|date=2011|title=The uncanny mirror: A re-framing of mirror self-experience.|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|volume=20|issue=2|pages=204–213|doi=10.1016/j.concog.2010.06.007|pmid=20889353|s2cid=14046919}}{{Cite journal|last1=Zahavi|first1=Dan|last2=Rochat|first2=Ph.|date=2015|title=Empathy ≠ sharing: Perspectives from phenomenology and developmental psychology.|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|volume=36|pages=543–553|doi=10.1016/j.concog.2015.05.008|pmid=26070850|s2cid=140204214|url=https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/143043552/Zahavi_Rochat_ConCog.pdf}} and Buddhist scholars.{{Cite book|title=Self, No Self? Perspectives from Analytical, Phenomenological, & Indian Traditions|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|editor-last=Siderits|editor-first=M.|location=Oxford|pages=56–78|chapter=The Experiential Self: Objections and Clarifications|editor-last2=Thompson|editor-first2=E.|editor-last3=Zahavi|editor-first3=Dan}} Critics have included those who either deny the existence of self{{Cite journal|last=Metzinger|first=T.|date=2006|title=Reply to Zahavi: The Value of Historical Scholarship.|journal=Psyche: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Consciousness |volume=12}} or the existence of pre-reflective self-consciousness.{{Cite journal|last=Schear|first=J.|date=2009|title=Experience and Self-Consciousness.|journal=Philosophical Studies|volume=144|issue=1|pages=95–105|doi=10.1007/s11098-009-9381-y|s2cid=170752671}}{{Cite journal|last1=Howell|first1=R.J.|last2=Thompson|first2=B.|date=2017|title=Phenomenally Mine: In Search of the Subjective Character of Consciousness|journal=Review of Philosophy and Psychology|volume=8|pages=103–127|doi=10.1007/s13164-016-0309-0|s2cid=147028514}}

Another part of Zahavi's work has focused on problems related to intersubjectivity, empathy, and social cognition. His PhD thesis defended a phenomenological approach to intersubjectivity.{{Cite journal|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|date=1996|title=Husserl und die transzendentale Intersubjektivität: Eine Antwort auf die sprachpragmatische Kritik|journal=Phaenomenologica|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|volume=135|doi=10.1007/978-94-009-1585-5|isbn=978-94-010-7209-0}} In various papers and books since then he has in particular focused on the role and structure of empathy.{{Cite journal|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|date=2010|title=Empathy, Embodiment and Interpersonal Understanding: From Lipps to Schutz|journal=Inquiry|volume=53/3|issue=3|pages=285–306|doi=10.1080/00201741003784663|s2cid=55729173|url=https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/157475357/Empathy_Embodiment_and_Interpersonal_Und.pdf}}{{Cite journal|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|date=2001|title=Empathy and Direct Social Perception: A Phenomenological Proposal.|journal=Review of Philosophy and Psychology|volume=2/3|pages=541–558}}{{Cite book|title=The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Empathy|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|editor-last=Maibom|editor-first=H.L.|location=New York|pages=33–43|chapter=Phenomenology, empathy, and mindreading}} He has argued in favor of the bodily and contextual character of interpersonal understanding, and criticized dominant positions within the so-called ’theory of mind’ debate, including simulation theory and theory-theory.{{Cite book|title=Folk Psychology Re-Assessed|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Springer|year=2007|editor-last=Hutto|editor-first=D.D.|location=Dordrecht|pages=25–40|chapter=Expression and empathy.|editor-last2=Ratcliffe|editor-first2=M.}}{{Cite journal|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|date=2008|title=Simulation, projection and empathy.|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|volume=17|issue=2|pages=514–522|doi=10.1016/j.concog.2008.03.010|pmid=18411058|s2cid=10365611}}

Since 2010, Zahavi has worked increasingly on social emotions and on issues in social ontology. He has written on shame,{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Phenomenology|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Oxford University press|year=2012|location=Oxford|pages=304–323|chapter=Self, consciousness, and shame}} on shared emotions, we-experiences, collective intentionality, and the importance of the I–thou relation.{{Cite journal|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|date=2015|title=You, me, and we: The sharing of emotional experiences.|journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies|volume=22/1-2|pages=84–101}}{{Cite book|title=The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of the Social Mind|last1=Zahavi|first1=Dan|last2=Salice|first2=A.|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|editor-last=Kiverstein|editor-first=J.|location=New York|pages=515–527|chapter=Phenomenology of the we: Stein, Walther, Gurwitsch}}

In parallel with his systematic work on the above-mentioned topics, Zahavi has also written on phenomenology, especially the work of Edmund Husserl. He has argued that phenomenology is a powerful and systematically convincing voice that contemporary philosophy and empirical science shouldn’t ignore. In addition to offering extensive analyses of Husserl’s analyses of intersubjectivity and self- and time-consciousness, Zahavi has also discussed the nature of Husserl’s transcendental philosophy and the metaphysical implications of phenomenology in various publications.{{Cite book|title=Husserl's Phenomenology|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Stanford University press|year=2003|location=Stanford}}{{Cite book|title=Metaphysics, Facticity, Interpretation. Phenomenology in the Nordic Countries|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|year=2003|editor-last=Zahavi|editor-first=Dan|location=Dordrecht-Boston|pages=3–22|chapter=Phenomenology and metaphysics|editor-last2=Heinämaa|editor-first2=S.|editor-last3=Ruin|editor-first3=H.}}{{Cite journal|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|date=2008|title=Internalism, Externalism, and Transcendental Idealism|journal=Synthese|volume=160/3|issue=3|pages=355–374|doi=10.1007/s11229-006-9084-2|s2cid=33923256}} Throughout his work, Zahavi has criticized what he takes to be overly simplistic interpretations of Husserl that depicts the latter as a solipsist and subjective idealist, and instead accentuated the continuity between Husserl’s phenomenology and the work of post-Husserlian phenomenologists, especially that of Merleau-Ponty.{{Cite book|title=Merleau-Ponty's Reading of Husserl|last=Zahavi|first=Dan|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|year=2002|editor-last=Toadvine|editor-first=T.|location=Dordrecht|pages=3–29|chapter=Merleau-Ponty on Husserl. A reappraisal.|editor-last2=Embree|editor-first2=L.}}

Zahavi is the director of the Center for Subjectivity Research (CFS), established in 2002 on the basis of funding from the Danish National Research Foundation. Since 2002, CFS has been working on topics related to selfhood and sociality and has actively promoted a research strategy involving collaboration between different philosophical tradition and between philosophy and empirical science, in particular psychiatry. After the expiration of the funding from the Danish National Research Foundation in 2012, CFS has continued its research with support from a variety of both Danish and European public and private foundations. Since 2010, CFS has organized an annual summer school in phenomenology and philosophy of mind that typically attracts around 100 students from all over the world.

Zahavi has received a number of honors and awards, including:

• The Edward Goodwin Ballard Prize in Phenomenology (2000)
• The Silver Medal from the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters (2000)
• Elected member of Institut International de Philosophie in 2001
• The Elite Research Prize of the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (2006). The award is given to outstanding young researchers of the highest international standard, which have made an extraordinary contribution to strengthen Danish research.
• Elected member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in 2007
• The Carlsberg Foundation's Research Prize (2011) from the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. The prize was awarded in connection with the 200 year anniversary of brewer J.C. Jacobsen, founder of the Carlsberg Breweries and the Carlsberg Foundation.
• The second revised edition of The Phenomenological Mind was selected by Choice as a 2012 Outstanding Academic Title.
• The Danish Association of Masters and PhDs’ Humanities Research Award (2013)
• Appointed Honorary President of The Nordic Society for Phenomenology (2014)
• Appointed Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog by the Queen of Denmark (2017)
• An Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (2019)

Zahavi is the author of a number of books, including:

• Intentionalität und Konstitution: Eine Einführung in Husserls Logische Untersuchungen. Museum Tusculanum Press 1992.
• Husserl und die transzendentale Intersubjektivität. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1996. (Translated into English)
• Self-awareness and Alterity. Northwestern University Press 1999. (Translated into Japanese)
• Husserl's Phenomenology. Stanford University Press 2003. (Translated into Danish, Japanese, Chinese, German, Georgian, Greek, Italian, Croatian, Polish, Persian, Portuguese, Korean, Romanian, Turkish).
• Subjectivity and Selfhood: Investigating the first-person perspective. MIT Press 2005. (Translated into Chinese)
• Phänomenologie für Einsteiger. Wilhelm Fink Verlag 2007. (Translated into Icelandic, Danish, Japanese, Portuguese)
• The Phenomenological Mind (with Shaun Gallagher). Routledge 2008/2012/2021. (Translated into Hungarian, Danish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Polish, Arabic)
• Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame. Oxford University Press 2014. (Translated into Japanese, Korean, Chinese)
• Husserl's Legacy: Phenomenology, Metaphysics, and Transcendental Philosophy. Oxford University Press 2017. (Translated into Japanese)
• Phenomenology: The Basics. Routledge 2019/2025. (Translated into Danish, Korean, Turkish, Chinese, Persian, Italian)
• Being We: Phenomenological Contributions to Social Ontology. Oxford University Press 2025.

Zahavi is also the editor of more than 10 volumes, including:

• The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Phenomenology. Oxford University Press 2012.
• The Oxford Handbook of the History of Phenomenology. Oxford University Press 2018.

{{reflist}}

• Zahavi, D. (2008), Phenomenology. In Moran, D. (ed.): Routledge Companion to Twentieth-Century Philosophy (pp. 661–692). London: Routledge.

• [https://cfs.ku.dk/staff/?pure=en/persons/34520 Dan Zahavi at University of Copenhagen]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20190221154405/http://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/phenomenology-husserls-legacy/ 3:AM Interview with Dan Zahavi]
• [https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=nuQOo2oAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar]
• [https://ku-dk.academia.edu/DanZahavi Academia.edu]

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Category:Living people

Category:Academics from Copenhagen

Category:Danish Jews

Category:21st-century Danish philosophers

Category:Jewish philosophers

Category:Phenomenologists

Category:University of Copenhagen alumni

Category:1967 births