Datu Piang
{{Short description|Maguindanaon-Chinese ruler (c. 1846–1933)}}
{{About|the Maguindanaon-Chinese ruler|the municipality|Datu Piang, Maguindanao del Sur}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Datu Piang
{{nobold|Piang Tan}} / {{nobold|Tan Sim Ping}}
{{Nobold|{{lang|ar|دات ڤياڠ}}
{{lang|zh|大都皮昂}}}}
| image = Datu Piang, Philippine Assembly (Portrait, 1921).jpg
| caption = Datu Piang as member of the House of Representatives, {{circa|1921}}
| succession = Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippine Islands from Department of Mindanao and Sulu's Lone District
{{Infobox officeholder/office
| termstart = 1916
| termend = 1922
| alongside = Rafael Acuña Villaruz, Isidro Vamenta, Julius Schuck, Teodoro Palma Gil, Datu Benito, Datu Tampugao, and Pablo Lorenzo
| appointer = Francis Burton Harrison
}}
| succession1 = Sultan of Mindanao
| reign1 = 6 January – December 1899
| father = Tuya Tan (陳頓仔, POJ: Tân Tùiⁿ-á)
| mother = Tiko
| birth_date = 1846
| birth_place = Kuta Watu, Sultanate of Maguindanao
| death_date = August 24, {{death year and age|1933|1846}}
| death_place = Cotabato, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
| religion = Islam
| module =
}}
File:Datu Pyang (Rio, Grande Mindanao).jpg
Piang Tan ({{IPA|mdh|daːtʊ pɪjaːŋ}}; 1846–1933) a Maguindanaon-Chinese ruler, popularly known as Datu Piang, is often referred to as the Grand Old Man of Cotabato.{{cite book|title=The Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXoAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA682|year=1911|publisher=Century Company|pages=682–}}{{cite book|author1=Josiah Gilbert Holland|author2=Richard Watson Gilder|title=The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q35IAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA682|year=1911|publisher=Scribner & Company; The Century Company|pages=682–}} {{cite book|author=Richard Watson Gilder|title=The Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acdZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA682|year=1911|publisher=Scribner & Company|pages=682–}} {{cite book|author=Richard Watson Gilder|title=The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8D4-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA682|year=1911|publisher=Century Company|pages=682–}} {{cite book|title=Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94pHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA682|year=1911|publisher=Scribner & Company|pages=682–}} {{cite book|title=The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fG9XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA682|year=1911|publisher=The Century Co.|pages=682–}} He was one of the most powerful rulers in Maguindanao from the end of Spanish rule to the arrival of American forces in late 1899.
Sometimes referred to as Amai Mingka, he was recognized as the undisputed Moro leader in Central Mindanao when the United States Army occupied and administered what was then referred to as "Moroland".{{cite book |author=Robert A. Fulton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4EMIwfP-5x8C&pg=PA61 |title=Moroland, 1899-1906: America's First Attempt to Transform an Islamic Society |publisher=Robert Fulton |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9795173-0-3 |pages=61–}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
History
=Minister of Lands in Buayan=
Datu Piang was the appointed Minister of Lands by Datu Uto of the Sultanate of Buayan. However, according to oral tradition, many of Datu Uto's followers defected him for Piang, as Datu Uto refused to open his granaries to his people during a time of famine. This apparent blunder by Datu Uto helped Piang gain a large following in the Buayan mainland, which eventually culminated into his usurpation of power.{{cite book |author=Thomas M. McKenna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYvwWcL0_DIC&pg=PA91 |title=Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines |date=August 10, 1998 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-91964-8 |pages=91–}}{{cite book |author=Mark S. Williams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8n2ZmznFZwC&pg=PA42 |title=Business and Peace: The Case of La Frutera Plantation in Datu Paglas, Maguindanao, Philippines |date=June 20, 2011 |publisher=Universal-Publishers |isbn=978-1-61233-758-6 |pages=42–}}
=Coup d'etat and the end of Spanish rule=
In January 1899, Datu Piang, accompanied by a thousand warriors betrayed Datu Uto and established his headquarters on the old Buayan capital, now renamed Dulawan, as well as capturing another Buayanen capital of Bacat, forcing Datu Uto to transfer back to Sapakan. On the 6th day of the same month, Piang overthrew the Spanish garrison in Cotabato and Tamontaka and granted himself the title of 'Sultan of Mindanao'. It was after this event that the Spaniards finalized their evacuation from the entirety of Mindanao except for Zamboanga and Jolo. This left Datu Uto frustrated as Datu Piang became a rival of Buayan.{{Cite web|url=https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-the-philippines-system/philippine-history/dialnet-the-philippine-revolution-in-mindanao-6020429/20294770|title=Dialnet-The Philippine Revolution In Mindanao-6020429 - 102 the heroic participation of the people - Studocu|website=Studocu}}
=American colonial period=
File:Datu Piang HD-SN-99-01980.JPEG
American forces landed on Cotabato in December 1899. Piang greeted American rule and saw it as a means to maintain his power in the Cotabato region. However, in spite of this, the Moro resistance would be organized by Datu Ali of Buayan, but would be fully suppressed by American expeditionary forces in 1905. With Datu Ali gone, Piang has lost any potential local rival that could threaten his authority and would continue to collaborate with the American civil government.
Personal life
Born of a Hokkien Sangley Chinese merchant named Tuya Tan (陳名頓) from Amoy, China and a Maguindanaon woman identified as "Tiko" (Philippine Hokkien {{lang-zh|t=|poj=ti-ko|l=Muslim|c=豬哥|s=|p=}}).{{cite book |author=O. W. Wolters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bOJLSyEIO9MC&pg=PA134 |title=History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives |date=January 1999 |publisher=SEAP Publications |isbn=978-0-87727-725-5 |pages=134–}}{{cite book |author=Leo Suryadinata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uChDbHq_MxoC&pg=PA237 |title=Migration, Indigenization and Interaction: Chinese Overseas and Globalization |publisher=World Scientific |year=2011 |isbn=978-981-4365-91-8 |pages=237–}}{{cite book |author=James R. Arnold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1Q5OYAPccoC&pg=PA132 |title=The Moro War: How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine Jungle, 1902-1913 |date=July 26, 2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |isbn=978-1-60819-024-9 |pages=132–}} He was a Chinese mestizo due to his Maguindanaon and Hokkien Sangley Chinese admixture.{{cite book |author=Michael Salman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq7_jDoi5PEC&pg=PA67 |title=The Embarrassment of Slavery: Controversies Over Bondage and Nationalism in the American Colonial Philippines |publisher=University of California Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-520-22077-5 |pages=67–}}
Datu Piang's son by his sixth wife, Polindao, was Datu Gumbay Piang, who led the Moro-Bolo Battalion to fight against the Japanese during their occupation of Mindanao in World War II.
See also
References
- University of California Press. "Muslim Rulers and Rebels," (Accessed on February 25, 2010).[http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft0199n64c&chunk.id=d0e1381&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e1343&brand=eschol Muslim Rulers and Rebels]
- "Datu Piang Book Reference," (Accessed on February 25, 2010).[https://web.archive.org/web/20100116050801/http://members.fortunecity.com/gvtrompeta1/datu_piang_002.htm Datu Piang (Amai Mingka/Ama ni Mingka). Keywords: history of datu piang, datu piang photos, datu piang postcards][https://web.archive.org/web/20100123224414/http://members.fortunecity.com/gvtrompeta1/datu_piang_004.htm Datu Piang Book Reference. Keywords: history of datu piang, biography of datu piang, philippine history, philippine military history, filipino military history, philippine insurrection, spanish american war, philippine independence, bacon bill, mindanao history, maguindanao history, cotabato history, moro history, moros, philippine slavery]
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Category:People from the Spanish East Indies
Category:Members of the Philippine Legislature
Category:Filipino datus, rajas and sultans
Category:Filipino politicians of Chinese descent