David Geffen Hall

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The Hall underwent extensive renovations in 1976, to address acoustical problems that had been present since its opening.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/04/09/archives/fisher-hall-tries-again-for-sound-of-perfection.html |title=Fisher Hall Tries Again for Sound of Perfection |last=Rockwell |first=John |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 9, 1976 |access-date=December 12, 2021 |url-access=subscription}} Another, smaller renovation attempted to address still-unresolved problems in 1992. Both projects achieved limited success.{{cite news |title=Fiddling With the Sound at Avery Fisher Hall |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/11/arts/fiddling-with-the-sound-at-avery-fisher-hall.html?pagewanted=2 |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |date=June 11, 1992 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=February 21, 2014 |url-access=limited}}

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Lincoln Center invited nine architects to submit plans for Avery Fisher Hall's renovation in 2002,{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=April 16, 2002 |title=Lincoln Center Invites 9 Architects to Submit Redesign Plans for Fisher Hall |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/16/nyregion/lincoln-center-invites-9-architects-to-submit-redesign-plans-for-fisher-hall.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}} selecting three architecture firms as finalists that June.{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=June 14, 2002 |title=Three Named as Finalists For Redesign of Fisher Hall |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/14/movies/three-named-as-finalists-for-redesign-of-fisher-hall.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}} In May 2004, the orchestra announced that the building would undergo renovations in 2009.{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=May 20, 2004 |title=Philharmonic To Give Home A New Interior |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/20/nyregion/philharmonic-to-give-home-a-new-interior.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}} Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, was hired in 2005 to design a renovation of the Hall,{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=June 22, 2005 |title=Arts, Briefly; Redesign Approved For Avery Fisher Hall |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/22/arts/arts-briefly-redesign-approved-for-avery-fisher-hall.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}} but he later resigned from the project.{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=June 6, 2006 |title=Norman Foster Enjoys His First New York Moment With the Hearst Tower |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/06/arts/design/06fost.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}} In June 2006, The New York Times reported that the construction had been delayed until the summer of 2010.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/arts/music/11tomm.html?pagewanted=all |title=The Philharmonic's Double Challenge |work=The New York Times |first=Anthony |last=Tommasini |date=June 11, 2006 |access-date=February 21, 2014 |url-access=limited}} By 2012, the project's start date had been postponed to 2017. The shell of the building was to be left intact, and work was to focus on improving the hall's acoustics, modernizing patron amenities, and reconfiguring the auditorium.{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=November 28, 2012 |title=Avery Fisher Hall to Be Renovated |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/29/arts/music/avery-fisher-hall-to-be-renovated.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}

On November 13, 2014, Lincoln Center officials announced their intention to remove Avery Fisher's name from the Hall and sell naming rights to the highest bidder as part of a $500 million fundraising campaign for its refurbishment.{{cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=November 13, 2014 |title=Lincoln Center to Rename Avery Fisher Hall |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/arts/music/lincoln-center-to-rename-avery-fisher-hall.html |url-access=limited |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}} Lincoln Center chairwoman Katherine Farley said, "It will be an opportunity for a major name on a great New York jewel."{{cite news |last=Matthews |first=Karen |title=Lincoln Center to rename Avery Fisher Hall |newspaper=Poughkeepsie Journal |agency=Associated Press |date=November 14, 2014 |url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/new-york/2014/11/13/lincoln-center-avery-fisher-hall/19001081/ |access-date=October 9, 2022}} Fisher's three children agreed to the deal for $15 million. In September 2015, Geffen donated $100 million for the Hall's renovation, and the Hall was renamed for him.{{cite news |last1=Viagas |first1=Robert |last2=Hetrick |first2=Adam |title=Avery Fisher Hall Renamed for Music Mogul David Geffen After $100M Gift |magazine=Playbill |date=September 24, 2015 |url=https://playbill.com/article/avery-fisher-hall-renamed-for-music-mogul-david-geffen-after-100m-gift-com-364198 |access-date=October 9, 2022}}{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=March 4, 2015 |title=David Geffen Captures Naming Rights to Avery Fisher Hall With Donation |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/05/arts/david-geffen-captures-naming-rights-to-avery-fisher-hall-with-donation.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}} Geffen's donation of $100 million was seen as a jump-start for the planned renovation, but on October 3, 2017, the Philharmonic announced that existing renovation plans for the Hall had been scrapped.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/03/arts/music/lincoln-center-geffen-hall.html |title=Lincoln Center Scraps a $500 Million Geffen Hall Renovation |last=Cooper |first=Michael |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A1 |date=October 3, 2017 |access-date=August 28, 2018 |url-access=limited}}

In December 2019, it was announced that the plans to renovate the Hall would finally proceed, with construction beginning in 2022. The work included acoustically and aesthetically redesigning it, removing over 500 seats, adding balcony seating wrapping around the entire stage, and making the stage tiered and moving it farther forward. Deborah Borda, the president of the New York Philharmonic, said, "We have to do it right this time, and this, I think, is the plan to do it."{{Cite news |last1=Cooper |first1=Michael |last2=Pogrebin |first2=Robin |date=December 2, 2019 |title=After Years of False Starts, Geffen Hall Is Being Rebuilt. Really. |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/02/arts/music/david-geffen-hall-lincoln-center-philharmonic.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |url-access=limited}} Diamond Schmitt was appointed Design and Executive Architect and led the complete redesign of the hall's new concert theater and overall masterplan; with Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects guiding the design of the public spaces.{{cite news |last=Russell |first=James S. |date=March 9, 2022 |title=Williams and Tsien Bring Colorful Reconfigured Public Spaces to Lincoln Center's David Geffen Hall |language=en |magazine=Architectural Record |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15559-williams-and-tsien-bring-colorful-reconfigured-public-spaces-to-lincoln-centers-david-geffen-hall |access-date=March 24, 2022}} The new design includes a more compact hall, open social areas with bars, and video walls for live streaming performances and other events.

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Plans for the hall's renovation were accelerated after Lincoln Center closed in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.{{cite web |last=Yakas |first=Ben |date=March 9, 2022 |title=Lincoln Center unveils overhauled Geffen Hall as community-oriented cultural center |url=https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/lincoln-center-unveils-overhauled-geffen-hall |access-date=October 9, 2022 |website=Gothamist}} In mid-2020, Borda announced that because of pandemic-related cancellations of performances, Lincoln Center would commence preliminary renovation work on the Hall before the Philharmonic's planned return to performances on January 6,{{cite news |last=Blum |first=Ronald |date=June 10, 2020 |title=NY Philharmonic cancels fall season, moves up Geffen rebuild |work=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/ny-philharmonic-cancels-fall-season-moves-geffen-rebuild-71178251 |access-date=December 28, 2020}} The orchestra later canceled all scheduled performances at the Hall through June 13, 2021.{{cite web |title=A Letter from President and CEO Deborah Borda |url=https://nyphil.org/plan-your-visit/how-to-prepare/letter-from-president |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=New York Philharmonic}} On October 3, 2022, the main concert hall was renamed the Wu Tsai Theater in honor of a $50 million donation from Joseph Tsai and Clara Wu Tsai.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/03/arts/music/geffen-hall-theater-joseph-tsai-clara-wu-tsai.html|title=Theater at Geffen Hall to Be Named for Two Key Donors|website=The New York Times|last=Hernández|first=Javier C.|date=August 3, 2022|access-date=October 13, 2022}}{{Cite web|url=https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/lincoln-center-new-york-philharmonic-announce-50-million-gift|title=Lincoln Center, New York Philharmonic announce $50 million gift|website=Philanthropy Digest|date=August 5, 2022|access-date=October 13, 2022}} The hall reopened on October 8, 2022, following a $550 million renovation.{{cite web | last=Hernández | first=Javier C. | last2=Westervelt | first2=Nina | last3=Lee | first3=Christopher | last4=Nagourney | first4=Adam | last5=Woolfe | first5=Zachary | title=Highlights From the Reopening of David Geffen Hall | website=The New York Times | date=October 8, 2022 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/08/arts/geffen-hall-reopens | access-date=October 1, 2024}}

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Architects hired the acoustical consulting division of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) to design the original interior acoustics for the hall. Their acousticians recommended a 2,400 seat "shoebox" design with narrowly spaced parallel sides (similar in shape to the acoustically acclaimed Symphony Hall, Boston). Lincoln Center officials initially agreed with the recommendation, and BBN provided a series of design specifications and recommendations. However, the New York Herald Tribune began a campaign to increase the seating capacity of the new hall and late in the design stage it was expanded to accommodate the critics' desires, invalidating much of BBN's acoustical work.{{Cite news |last=Rothstein |first=Edward |date=May 22, 2004 |title=If Music Is the Architect . . . |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/22/arts/if-music-is-the-architect.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}{{Failed verification|date=May 2025|reason=This 2004 New York Times article makes no mention of revised plans/capacity, or of the New York Herald Tribune's commentary}} BBN engineers told Lincoln Center management the hall would sound different from their initial intent, but they could not predict what the changes would do.

The first of Lincoln Center's buildings to be completed, Philharmonic Hall opened September 23, 1962, to mixed reviews. {{Cite news |last=Kimmelman |first=Michael |date=September 19, 2022 |title=A Notoriously Jinxed Concert Hall Is Reborn, Again |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/arts/music/david-geffen-hall-reopening-lincoln-center.html |access-date=October 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}} The concert, featuring Leonard Bernstein, the New York Philharmonic, and a host of operatic stars such as Eileen Farrell and Robert Merrill, was televised live on CBS. The opening week of concerts included performances by a specially invited list of guest orchestras (Boston, Philadelphia, and Cleveland), who regularly appeared at Carnegie Hall each season, as well as the new hall's resident ensemble. Several reporters panned the hall, while at least two conductors praised the acoustics. While the initial intention had been that Philharmonic Hall would replace Carnegie Hall, which could then be demolished, that did not happen.{{cite web |title=1960 Carnegie Hall is saved from demolition |url=http://www.carnegiehall.org/History/Timeline/Timeline.aspx?id=4294968812 |website=Carnegie Hall Corporation |access-date=November 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129012747/http://www.carnegiehall.org/History/Timeline/Timeline.aspx?id=4294968812 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |url-status=dead}}

Management made several attempts to remedy the induced acoustical problems, with little success, leading to a substantial 1970s renovation designed by acoustician Cyril Harris in conjunction with project architect Philip Johnson. It included demolishing the hall's interior, selling its pipe organ to California's Crystal Cathedral, and rebuilding a new auditorium within the outer framework and facade. While initial reaction to the improvements was favorable and some advocates remained steadfast,{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/28/arts/music-carnegie-hall-vs-fisher-hall.html |title=Carnegie Hall vs. Fisher Hall |first=Will |last=Crutchfield |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 28, 1987 |access-date=February 9, 2015}} overall feelings about the new hall's sound soured and acoustics there continued to be problematic. One assessment by Robert C. Ehle stated:

The seating capacity is large (around 2,600 seats) and the sidewalls are too far apart to provide early reflections to the center seats. The ceiling is high to increase reverberation time but the clouds are too high to reinforce early reflections adequately. The bass is weak because the very large stage does not adequately reinforce the low string instruments.{{cite news |first=Robert C. |last=Ehle |title=What Does It Take to Make a Good Hall for Music? |magazine=Music Teacher International Magazine}}

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In December 1977, High Fidelity magazine published an article that stated members of the Philharmonic disliked the sound so much they referred to the venue as "A Very Fishy Hall."{{cite web |title=Yes Plugs In At The Garden |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Audio/Archive-High-Fidelity/70s/High-Fidelity-1977-12.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309050454/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Audio/Archive-High-Fidelity/70s/High-Fidelity-1977-12.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2021}} In 1992, under the tenure of Kurt Masur with the New York Philharmonic, several solid maple wood convex surfaces were installed on the side walls and suspended from the ceiling of the stage to improve acoustics. The maple was specially selected to minimize its grain pattern. The new components are filled with fiberglass to deaden vibrations.{{cite news |title=Details Set for Avery Fisher Renovation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/05/arts/details-set-for-avery-fisher-renovation.html |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |date=August 5, 1992 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=February 21, 2014 |url-access=limited}}

The ongoing problems with the hall's acoustics eventually led the New York Philharmonic to consider a merger with Carnegie Hall in 2003, which would have returned the Philharmonic to Carnegie Hall for most of its concerts each season. However, both sides abandoned talks after four months.{{cite news |url=http://www.wnyc.org/music/articles/16555 |first=Brian |last=Wise |title=New York Philharmonic to Carnegie Hall |work=WNYC |date=June 2, 2003 |access-date=February 21, 2014}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/02/arts/the-philharmonic-agrees-to-move-to-carnegie-hall.html |title=The Philharmonic Agrees to Move to Carnegie Hall |newspaper=The New York Times |first1=Ralph |last1=Blumenthal |first2=Robin |last2=Pogrebin |date=June 2, 2003 |access-date=February 21, 2014 |url-access=limited}}{{cite news |title=N.Y. Philharmonic, Carnegie Merger Off |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/68748/ny-philharmonic-carnegie-merger-off |agency=Associated Press |date=October 8, 2003 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=February 21, 2014}}

In 2005 and 2006, the Mostly Mozart Festival experimented with extending the front of stage to improve acoustics.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/arts/music/03most.html |title=An Intimate Stage Plan for the Mostly Mozart Festival |work=The New York Times |first=James R. |last=Oestreich |date=May 3, 2005 |access-date=February 21, 2014}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/31/arts/music/new-vigor-new-program-new-stage-the-rejuvenation-of-mostly.html?pagewanted=all |title=New Vigor, New Program, New Stage: The Rejuvenation of Mostly Mozart |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Anthony |last=Tommasini |date=August 31, 2005 |access-date=February 21, 2014 |url-access=limited}}

A major goal of the $550 million renovation of David Geffen Hall, from 2020 to 2022, was to improve the acoustics in the main concert hall. According to Zachary Woolfe of The New York Times, the renovation substantially improved the acoustics, but some significant acoustical problems remained.{{cite news |last1=Woolfe |first1=Zachary |author1-link= Zachary Woolfe|title=How the Philharmonic's New Home Sounds, From Any Seat |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/21/arts/music/new-york-philharmonic-geffen-hall-renovation-acoustics.html |url-access=subscription |url-status= live |newspaper=The New York Times |date= October 21, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221023214512/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/21/arts/music/new-york-philharmonic-geffen-hall-renovation-acoustics.html |archive-date= October 23, 2022 |access-date= August 15, 2024 }}

David Geffen Hall is used today for many events, both musical and non-musical. As part of its [http://www.lcgreatperformers.org/ Great Performers] series, Lincoln Center presents visiting orchestras in David Geffen Hall, such as the London Symphony Orchestra, the Singapore Symphony Orchestra, the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Kirov Orchestra of the Mariinsky Theatre. The PBS series Live from Lincoln Center also features performances from the Hall.

Composer Samuel Barber was commissioned to write his Piano Concerto for the opening of the venue, and the work was premiered at the inaugural concert on September 24, 1962 with pianist John Browning.{{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Heyman|1992}}|reference=Heyman, Barbara B. 1992. Samuel Barber: The Composer and His Music. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-506650-0}} (cloth).}} An early television concert from Philharmonic Hall featured Leonard Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic in one of their Young People's Concerts. It was the first of many concerts televised from Philharmonic Hall, which had been previously televised from Carnegie Hall beginning in 1958. The 1962 program concentrated on concert hall acoustics, and, like the opening night concert, was shown over the CBS television network. It was entitled "The Sound of a Hall".

It was the main venue for the first New York Film Festival in 1963{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_variety_1963-09-18_232_4/page/7/mode/1up?view=theater|date=September 18, 1963|title=Beatniks at Lincoln Center|page=7|magazine=Variety|access-date=February 15, 2024|via=Internet Archive}} and is still a festival venue.{{cite web|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/nyff61-passes-ticket-information/|website=Film at Lincoln Center|title=New York Film Festival 61|access-date=February 15, 2024}}

A February 12, 1964 performance by Miles Davis at Philharmonic Hall to benefit the Mississippi Freedom Summer was released on two albums, My Funny Valentine and Four & More.{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/02/09/273159153/how-a-stressful-night-for-miles-davis-spawned-two-classic-albums?ft=1&f=1039 |title=How A Stressful Night For Miles Davis Spawned Two Classic Albums |website=NPR.org |series=Weekend Edition |date=February 9, 2014 |access-date=February 21, 2014}}

Bob Dylan performed at Philharmonic Hall on October 31, 1964. The concert was released as The Bootleg Series Vol. 6: Bob Dylan Live 1964, Concert at Philharmonic Hall in 2004.{{cite magazine | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/live-1964-concert-at-philharmonic-hall-the-bootleg-series-volume-6-107701/ | title=Live 1964: Concert at Philharmonic Hall – the Bootleg Series Volume 6 | magazine=Rolling Stone | date=March 30, 2004 }}

The Supremes performed there on October 15, 1965. The iconic poster for the show was designed by Joe Eula.

Simon & Garfunkel recorded their live album Live from New York City, 1967 here on January 22, 1967.{{Cite AV media notes |title=Live from New York City, 1967 |title-link=Live from New York City, 1967 |others=Simon & Garfunkel |year=2002 |at=back cover |type=CD |publisher=Columbia/Legacy |id=508067 9}}

In 1995, the star-studded charity show The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True was staged. The show, which starred Jewel, Jackson Browne, Roger Daltrey, and Nathan Lane as the principal characters from the 1939 film, benefited the Children's Defense Fund, and aired subsequently on TNT, TBS, PBS, and VH-1.

The hall hosted the world premiere of Steven Spielberg's film War Horse on December 4, 2011 and the North American premiere of Bradley Cooper's Maestro, a Leonard Bernstein biopic.{{cite web |title=Walk the Red Carpet and Attend the World Premiere of War Horse |url=http://www.skymilesauction.com/cgi-bin/ncommerce3/ProductDisplay?prrfnbr=168720266&prmenbr=71802779&aunbr=169066976 |date=November 7, 2011 |publisher=Delta Air Lines |access-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910094932/http://www.skymilesauction.com/cgi-bin/ncommerce3/ProductDisplay?prrfnbr=168720266&prmenbr=71802779&aunbr=169066976 |archive-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=dead}}

• List of concert halls

Notes

{{Reflist|30em}}

Sources

• {{cite book |last=Melone |first=Deborah |author2=Eric W. Wood |year=2005 |title=Sound Ideas: Acoustical Consulting at BBN and Acentech |publisher=Acentech Incorporated |location=Cambridge, Mass |lccn=2006920681 |oclc=74890603}}
• {{cite magazine |last=Bliven |first=Bruce |date=November 8, 1976 |title=Annals of Architecture: A Better Sound |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1976/11/08/a-better-sound |magazine=The New Yorker |pages=51–52 |url-access=subscription}}

{{Commons category|David Geffen Hall}}

• [http://www.lincolncenter.org/venue/david-geffen-hall David Geffen Hall]

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Category:1962 establishments in New York City

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