De Rohan Arch
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{short description|Commemorative arch in Żebbuġ, Malta}}
{{Infobox building
| name = De Rohan Arch
| native_name = Il-Bieb De Rohan
| native_name_lang = mt
| image = 300px
| image_caption = De Rohan Arch after restoration
| coordinates = {{coord|35|52|25.7|N|14|26|53|E|display=inline}}
| alternate_names = New Gateway (Il-Bieb il-Ġdid)
| status = Intact
| building_type = Commemorative arch
| architectural_style = Neoclassical
| namesake = Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc
| inauguration_date = 12 May 1798
| cost = 1000 scudi
| material = Limestone
| architect = Giuseppe Xerri
}}
The De Rohan Arch ({{langx|mt|Il-Bieb De Rohan}}; {{langx|it|Porta De Rohan}}), also known as the New Gateway ({{langx|mt|Il-Bieb il-Ġdid}}), is a commemorative arch in Żebbuġ, Malta. It was built in 1798 to commemorate the locality's status as a city, which had been granted by Grand Master Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc on 21 June 1777.{{cite journal|journal=Scientia|last=Borg|first=Joseph|date=1974|title=The Custom House - Malta|url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Scientia%20(Malta)/Scientia.%2037(1974)2(Apr.-Jun.)/02.pdf|volume=2|issue=2|pages=59–80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507175730/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Scientia%20(Malta)/Scientia.%2037(1974)2(Apr.-Jun.)/02.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2019}}
History
Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc, the Grand Master of the Order of St. John, attended the feast of the village of Żebbuġ on 12 May 1776. The parish priest Dun Feliċ Borg sent a petition to the Grand Master, requesting that the village be elevated to the status of a city. Borg promised to construct two triumphal arches if the request was accepted. De Rohan agreed and gave Żebbuġ the title Città Rohan by a decree dated 21 June 1777.{{cite book|last1=Zammit|first1=Vincent|title=Il-Gran Mastri – Ġabra ta' Tagħrif dwar l-Istorja ta' Malta fi Żmienhom – It-Tieni Volum 1680–1798|date=1992|publisher=Valletta Publishing & Promotion Co. Ltd.|location=Valletta|pages=469–470|language=Maltese}}
File:Malta - Zebbug - Triq il-Kbira + De Rohan Arch 01 ies.jpg
File:De Rohan Arch, holding the Niche of the Ecce Homo 21.jpg, installed on the arch]]
Although city status was granted, the two arches were not built due to several difficulties. De Rohan died on 14 July 1797, and the people decided to build a single arch at the entrance to the city, partially fulfilling the promise they had made twenty years earlier. The arch cost about 1000 scudi to build, and funds were raised through fundraising by the population of Żebbuġ, as well as a donation by the parish church. The arch was designed by the mason Giuseppe Xerri, who also supervised its construction. It was inaugurated on 12 May 1798 by the new Grand Master, Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim.{{cite web|title=The De Rohan Arch|url=http://www.haz-zebbug.com/storja_arch.php|website=Haz-Zebbug.com|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031232151/http://www.haz-zebbug.com/storja_arch.php|archivedate=31 October 2015}} The gate was one of the last examples of Hospitaller-era architecture in Malta, since a month after its inauguration the French invaded the islands and brought the Order's rule to an end.
Between 1905 and 1929, the Malta tramway used to pass near the arch. In the 1950s, Freedom Avenue ({{langx|mt|Vjal il-Ħelsien}}) was opened to give better access to the Żebbuġ centre, and this reduced the amount of traffic passing through the arch. Later on, vehicles were not allowed to pass through the arch in order to preserve it. The arch was restored by the Żebbuġ Local Council in 1995. It was restored again in 2016.{{cite journal|url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/50432/1/Ir-rabta%20ta%27%20bieb%20De%20Rohan%20ma%27%20Ħaż-Żebbuġ.pdf|last=Said|first=P. E.|date=2017|title=Ir-rabta ta' Bieb De Rohan ma' Ħaż-Żebbuġ|journal=Għaqda Każin Banda San Filep, A.D. 1851|pages=197–207}}
The De Rohan Arch was included on the Antiquities List of 1925,{{cite web|title=Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939. |url=https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |website=Malta Environment and Planning Authority |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419101304/https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |archivedate=19 April 2016 |url-status=dead }} and it is now scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument.{{cite news|title=Rohan Gate, Żebbuġ|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20121211/environment/Rohan-Gate-ebbu-.449132|work=Times of Malta|date=11 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204152202/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20121211/environment/Rohan-Gate-ebbu-.449132|archivedate=4 December 2015}}
Architecture
De Rohan Arch is built in the neoclassical style. The archway is flanked by rusticated Doric pilasters set on a plain pedestal. The arch is topped by a triangular pediment having moulded edges.
A Gothic designed niche, containing a portrait of the Ecce homo, is located within the arch. The niche, painted in red and white, is listed on National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.{{cite web|title=Niche of the Ecce Homo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Chapels%20and%20Niches/NICPMI%2002106-02313/2231.pdf|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204152642/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Chapels%20and%20Niches/NICPMI%2002106-02313/2231.pdf|archivedate=4 December 2015|date=28 March 2014}}