Dearborn Station
{{Short description|Former train station in Chicago, Illinois}}
{{About|the former train station in Chicago, Illinois|the transit center in Dearborn, Michigan|John D. Dingell Transit Center}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
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{{Infobox station
| name = Chicago
{{small|Dearborn Station}}
| style = Erie Railroad
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| image = Dearborn Station from west.jpg
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| caption = Dearborn Station head house, 2006
| address = 47 West Polk Street
Chicago, Illinois
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| coordinates = {{coord|41|52|19.78|N|87|37|45|W|display=inline,title}}
| owned =
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| opened = May 8, 1885
| electrified =
| closed = April 30, 1971 (long-distance service)
1976 (Orland Park Cannonball)
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| other_services = {{Adjacent stations
|system1=Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad
|line1=Suburban|right1=47th Street
|system2=Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
|line2=main|left2=Nerska
|system3=Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad
|line3=Main|right3=47th Street|to-right3=Evansville
|line4=Chicago-St. Louis|right4=47th Street|to-right4=St. Louis
|system5=Erie Railroad
|line6=main|right6=47th Street
|system7=Grand Trunk Western Railroad
|line7=main|right7=47th Street
|line8=Suburban Chicago|right8=47th Street
|system9=Monon Railroad|line9=Main|right9=47th Street
|system10=Wabash Railroad
|line10=Main|right10=47th Street|to-right10=Kansas City
|line11=Chicago-Buffalo|right11=47th Street
|system12=Chesapeake and Ohio Railway|line12=C&O Indiana|right12=Englewood|note-mid12=1910-1925
}}
| embedded = {{Infobox NRHP
| embed = yes
| name = Dearborn Station
| nrhp_type = nrhp
| designated_other1_name = Chicago Landmark
| designated_other1_date = March 2, 1982{{cite web|url=http://webapps.cityofchicago.org/LandmarksWeb/landmarkDetail.do?lanID=1286 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719142843/http://webapps.cityofchicago.org/LandmarksWeb/landmarkDetail.do?lanID=1286 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 July 2012 |title=Chicago Landmarks - Dearborn Street Station |year=2010 |access-date=22 Feb 2010 }}
| designated_other1_abbr = CL
| designated_other1_link = Chicago Landmark
| designated_other1_color = #aaccff
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-custom = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |line=none |marker=rail |marker-color=#888 |zoom=15 }}
| area =
| built = {{start date and age|1883}}
| architect = Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz
| architecture = Romanesque Revival
| added = {{start date and age|1976|03|26}}
| refnum = 76000688{{NRISref|2006a}}
}}
}}
File:Dearborn Station approaches.svg, travelled over the C&WI's]]
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Dearborn Station (also called, Polk Street Depot) was, beginning in the late 1800s, one of six intercity train stations serving downtown Chicago, Illinois. It remained in operation until May 1, 1971. Built in 1883, it is located at Dearborn and Polk Streets, to the south of the Loop, adjacent to Printers Row. The station was owned by the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, which itself was owned by the companies operating over its line. The station building headhouse now houses office, retail, and entertainment spaces, and its trackage yard, behind the headhouse, was redeveloped into part of the Dearborn Park neighborhood.
Description and history
File:Dearborn Station postcard ca. 1907.JPG
The Romanesque Revival structure, designed by Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz, opened in 1885 at a cost of $400 to $500 thousand (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|0.4|1885|r=1}} to ${{Inflation|US|0.5|1885|r=1}} million in {{currentyear}}). The three-story building's exterior walls and twelve-story clock tower were composed of pink granite and red pressed brick topped by a number of steeply-pitched roofs. Modifications to the structure following a fire in 1922 included eliminating the original pitched roof profile. Behind the head house were the train platforms, shielded by a large train shed.{{Holland-Classic|pages=70-71}} Inside the station were ticket counters, waiting rooms, and Fred Harvey Company restaurants.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPz_aiJS1mcC|title=The Harvey House Cookbook: Memories of Dining Along the Santa Fe Railroad|last1=Foster|first1=George H.|last2=Weiglin|first2=Peter C.|publisher=Longstreet Press|location=Atlanta, Georgia|page=150|isbn=1563520338|oclc=27091379|year=1992|access-date=9 Jan 2015}}
Amtrak (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) chose to consolidate its Chicago operations at the Union Station. The final intercity passenger train to depart Dearborn Station was the Grand Trunk Western Railroad's International Limited, which departed on April 30, 1971. The arrival of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway's San Francisco Chief and Grand Canyon from California on May 2 brought intercity operations at Dearborn to a close. The Norfolk & Western Railway's Orland Park commuter service, the Orland Park Cannonball, continued to use a platform at Dearborn until 1976.
By 1976, Dearborn Station's train shed was demolished and tracks were removed; the head house building was retained. The train station stood abandoned into the mid-1980s when it was converted to retail and office space. The former rail yards were converted for use as Dearborn Park.
Services
Some of the railroads that served the station include the following, with some of the more well-known name trains listed:
- Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe) – the Chief, Super Chief, El Capitan, and Grand Canyon Limited (to name but a few) to Los Angeles, California; the Texas Chief to Galveston/Houston, Texas; the Antelope to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; the Kansas Cityan (and its eastbound counterpart, the Chicagoan) to Kansas City, Missouri; and the San Francisco Chief to San Francisco, California. Although the Santa Fe by far operated the greatest number of trains from the station, it was only a tenant.
- Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (moved to the Grand Central Station February 28, 1925).
- Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad – Cardinal, Zipper and Silent Knight to St. Louis, Missouri; Dixie Flyer, and Dixie Flagler and Georgian to Evansville, continuing to Nashville, Tennessee, then Atlanta, Georgia, and finally Miami, Florida (The Georgian ending at Atlanta). From July 31, 1904{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7B2l5G_Veb0C&pg=PA700|title=Official Guide of the Railways|section=Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad|publisher= National Railway Publication Company|location=New York City, New York|page=700|date=Jan 1904|access-date=9 Jan 2015|via=books.google.com}} to August 1, 1913,Goss, William Freeman Myrick, Smoke Abatement and Electrification of Railway Terminals in Chicago. Report of the Chicago Association of Commerce, Committee of Investigation on Smoke Abatement and Electrification of Railway Terminals, Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry, 1915, p. 505 Chicago & Eastern Illinois trains used LaSalle Street Station.
- Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville Railway (Monon) – Hoosier and Tippecanoe to Indianapolis, Indiana, Thoroughbred to Louisville, Kentucky.
- Erie Railroad (Erie Lackawanna Railway from 1960) – Atlantic Express and Pacific Express, Erie Limited, Phoebe Snow and Lake Cities to Hoboken, or Jersey City, New Jersey.
- Grand Trunk Western Railroad – Maple Leaf, Inter-City Limited and International Limited to Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec. Mohawk to Detroit, Michigan.
- Wabash Railroad (Norfolk and Western Railway from 1964) – Blue Bird and Banner Blue to St. Louis, Missouri.
The following commuter rail services also operated from the station:
- Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad (until 1935) – operated from Dearborn Station to Crete, Illinois. Metra has proposed to revive the route as its SouthEast Service.
- Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad (until 1964) – operated between Dearborn Station and Dolton, Illinois serving mostly local stops within Chicago's far south side.
- Chicago and Erie Railroad – operated from Dearborn Station to Rochester, Indiana.{{cite web|url=http://www.railfan.net/lists/listthumb.cgi?erielack-02-26-05|title=Suburban Time Table|publisher=Chicago and Erie Railroad|date=16 Sep 1900|access-date=9 Jan 2015}}
- Grand Trunk Western Railroad (until 1935) – operated from Dearborn Station to Valparaiso, Indiana (later service was cut-back to Harvey, Illinois).
- Wabash Railroad (Norfolk and Western Railway from 1964) – used a track west of the station until 1976, when moved to the Union Station); now Metra's SouthWest Service.
- Santa Fe Railway (until 1903) – operated from Dearborn Station to Joliet, Illinois.
In popular culture
In blues musician Henry Thomas' 1927 song "Railroadin' Some", the "Polk Street Depot" is the next to last stop on a journey that begins in Fort Worth, Texas, and ends in Chicago.
Dearborn Station is mentioned multiple times in the 1974 "Adam's Ribs" episode of M*A*S*H, in which Hawkeye Pierce craves the barbecued ribs from a fictional restaurant adjacent to the station, but can't recall the name. He calls the station master from South Korea to get the restaurant's name and phone number. Hawkeye refers to the terminal as the "Dearborn Street Station".
"Dearborn Station" is a song by the rock band Fortune that was released in 1985.{{cite web|url=http://www.thelyricarchive.com/album/465421/Fortune-%5B1985%5D|title=Fortune - Fortune [1985] lyrics|website=thelyricarchive.com|access-date=9 Jan 2015}}
Photo Gallery
File:Dearborn Station west.jpg|The north (frontal) and west side
File:Dearborn Station east.jpg|The east side
File:Dearborn Station rear.jpg|The south (rear) side
File:Dearborn Station inside.jpg|Inside the building
File:1976 Dearborn Station.jpg|The station's train shed being demolished in May 1976; the "head house" can be seen at the rear
File:Dearborn Station former tracks.jpg|A city park, Dearborn Park, and townhouses now occupy the former platform and trackage area
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|Dearborn Station (Chicago)}}
- [http://harvey.library.arizona.edu/finding_aid/4il/4/welcome.html Dearborn Street Station (Fred Harvey Exhibit)]
- [http://www.dearbornstation.com/home.html Dearborn Station Directory]
- {{HAER |survey=IL-6 |id=il0378 |title=Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, Dearborn Station Trainshed}}
- [http://www.railsandtrails.com/Maps/Chicago/index.htm#Dearborn Property Valuation Map of Dearborn Station in 1953] (Requires [http://www.railsandtrails.com/DjVu.htm DjVu] plugin)
- [http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1885.pdf 1885 Railroad Chronology]
{{Chicago Loop}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
{{Chicago terminals}}
{{Chicago Landmark transportation}}
{{Erie Main Line stations}}
Category:Former railway stations in Illinois
Category:Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Category:Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
Category:Railway stations in Chicago
Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Chicago
Category:Former Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad stations
Category:Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad
Category:Clock towers in Illinois
Category:Romanesque Revival architecture in Illinois
Category:Railway stations in the United States opened in 1885
Category:1885 establishments in Illinois
Category:Railway stations in the United States closed in 1976