Death (metal band)

Founded in either 1983{{cite web |last=Grayson |first=Perry M. |date=April 11, 2002 |title=Precious Memories of Chuck Schuldiner|publisher=EmptyWords |url=http://www.emptywords.org/BANDPerryGrayson.htm |access-date=May 30, 2024}} or 1984 by Chuck Schuldiner under the original name of Mantas in Altamonte Springs, Florida,{{cite web |last=Rivadavia |first=Eduardo |title=Death Biography |publisher=AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/death-mn0000228323/biography |access-date=July 4, 2020}} Death was among the more widely known early pioneers of the death metal sound, along with California's Possessed. Inspired by Nasty Savage, Death was among the first bands in the Florida death metal scene.{{cite web|last1=Stevenson|first1=Arielle|date=October 22, 2009|title=The way the music died: The earliest days of Tampa Death Metal|url=http://www.tampabay.com/features/music/the-way-the-music-died-the-earliest-days-of-tampa-death-metal/1046088|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027025354/https://www.tampabay.com/features/music/the-way-the-music-died-the-earliest-days-of-tampa-death-metal/1046088/|archive-date=October 27, 2009|website=Tampa Bay Times|publisher=Times Publishing Company|accessdate=April 26, 2016}}

Together with Kam Lee, and Rick Rozz, Schuldiner started to compose songs that were released on several rehearsal tapes in 1984. These tapes, along with the Death by Metal demo, circulated through the tape-trader world, quickly establishing the band's name. In 1984, Schuldiner dissolved Mantas and started a band under the name Death with the same members. Tim Aymar, in an article written in December 2010, states that Chuck Schuldiner renamed the band Death in order to turn his experience of the death of his brother Frank years earlier into "something positive".{{cite web |date=December 2010 |title=Tim Aymar Speaks Out |publisher=Empty Words |url=http://www.emptywords.org/EmptyWords12-2010.htm |access-date=December 7, 2010}} Its members again included Rozz and Lee. Another demo was released, called Reign of Terror.

In 1985, the Infernal Death tape was recorded and released. Rick Rozz was out of the band by early 1985. Schuldiner and Lee played with Scott Carlson and Matt Olivo, bassist and guitarist respectively, of the band Genocide (later to be renamed Repulsion) for a short time. However, Kam had some "personal problems" that caused him to be ejected from the band. Combat Records had offered the band a deal if they recorded another demo, though the band was unsuccessful in convincing Kam to rejoin. Olivo and Carlson left soon afterward. Schuldiner moved to the San Francisco Bay Area and recruited former Dirty Rotten Imbeciles drummer Eric Brecht,{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/dri-mn0000786360#biography|title=D.R.I.|work=AllMusic|accessdate=April 13, 2024}} then recorded the Back from the Dead demo. However, Chuck was not happy with this incarnation of Death and moved back to Florida without a band. In 1986, Schuldiner got an invitation from early Canadian thrash metal band Slaughter to play on their album, which he accepted, moving to Canada. However, this only lasted two weeks, and he returned to the States. He returned to Florida, then moved back to the San Francisco Bay Area again, where he joined with 17-year-old drummer Chris Reifert.

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| quote = Scream Bloody Gore had been sent to me as promo. I looked at the cover and giggled a little, and thought “wow, that’s brutal” but never actually listened to it. And at that time, of course, all of the reviews for Death were horrible -- across the board. Anyone who claimed that they liked Death two years later [and tried saying] they liked Death when Scream Bloody Gore came out, was a liar [...] All off these established writers wrote off Death at the beginning. [...] It was a joke. Even the guy that signed Death to Combat, Steve Sinclair considered it a joke. He really only signed him at Don Kaye’s insistence.

| source = Eric Greif, manager of Death, as quoted by Albert Mudrian of Decibel (May 24, 2016) {{Cite web|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2016/05/24/scream-bloody-gore-the-choosing-death-interview-outtakes/|title=Scream Bloody Gore: The Choosing Death Interview Outtakes|first=Albert|last=Mudrian|date=May 24, 2016|website=Decibel Magazine}}

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Schuldiner and Reifert recorded the Mutilation demo in April 1986, which led to a deal with Combat Records. That summer, they began recording their first album, which was abandoned and written off as a mistake after Combat was not satisfied with the recording, which Reifert blamed on the studio engineers. In November 1986, the band was sent to Los Angeles to re-record the album at The Music Grinder with Randy Burns, which the band felt optimistic about due to his work on Possessed's Seven Churches. The basic tracks were recorded in a couple of days, while the bass, lead guitars and vocals were recorded by Schuldiner at Rock Steady Studios, which was also in L.A.{{Cite AV media|title=Scream Bloody Gore|last=Reifert|first=Chris|type=CD liner notes|publisher=Relapse Records|year=2016|author-link=Chris Reifert}}

Scream Bloody Gore was released in 1987, widely considered a genre template for death metal. The band briefly had a second guitar player, John Hand, but he did not appear on the album (though his photo did). Schuldiner and Reifert recruited Steve Di Giorgio of Sadus and rehearsed in Concord for live shows, which never took place as Schuldiner decided to move back to Florida.{{cite AV media|people=Belalcazar, Felipe (director)|year=2016|type=documentary|title=Death By Metal|minutes=15}} Reifert had chosen to remain in California, where he went on to form Autopsy. Once back in Florida, Schuldiner teamed up with former bandmate Rick Rozz and two members of Rozz's band Massacre, Terry Butler and Bill Andrews.

In 1988, that line-up recorded Leprosy. After much touring in support of the album, including a quick and ill-planned tour of Europe, Rick Rozz was fired in 1989. After a tour of Mexico featuring guitarist Paul Masvidal (later to re-emerge in the Death lineup), a replacement was found in James Murphy, with whom the third album Spiritual Healing was recorded in Tampa in the summer of 1989. Murphy left the band relatively quickly.{{cite web|url=http://www.metallian.com/death.php |title=DEATH band biography|website=www.metallian.com}} By this time Schuldiner abandoned the "gore" lyrical theme for more social critique and melody was added to the band's sound.{{cite web |last=Rivadavia |first=Eduardo |title=Spiritual Healing - Death Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |publisher=AllMusic |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spiritual-healing-mw0000204121 |access-date=July 2, 2021}}

File:Chuck Schuldiner (Death) 1991.mp3

In 1990, on the eve of a European tour, Schuldiner decided against traveling, claiming at the last minute that he felt the tour was not adequately organized (and citing the group's previous disorganized European tour in 1988) as well as having some personal problems. Andrews and Butler continued with the tour of Europe as 'Death' to fulfill the band's contractual obligations, and recruited roadies Walter Trachsler and Louie Carrisalez to replace Schuldiner on guitar and vocals, respectively. Schuldiner reacted with shock and disgust, and pursued legal action against Butler and Andrews.{{Cite web |last=Dome |first=Malcolm |date=August 17, 2024 |title=“I got fed up with writing about crap monsters. What’s horrific about that? The real evil in this world goes on in society”: The stellar rise and tragic demise of Death, the band who pushed metal to new extremes |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/death-band-chuck-schuldiner-history |access-date=December 25, 2024 |website=louder |language=en}}

File:Chuck Schuldiner.jpg circa 1992]]

Schuldiner abandoned the idea of a band set-up altogether and began working with session musicians only. Schuldiner recruited Paul Masvidal and Sean Reinert from underground Florida band Cynic and hired Steve Di Giorgio from California band Sadus. In 1991, Death released Human, which is considered a more technical and progressive album than their previous works, incorporating complex rhythms, riffs and song structures. Human was Death's best-selling album yet, receiving many accolades and some MTV play for the group's first video, directed by David Bellino, for the track "Lack of Comprehension". Due to obligations with his primary band Sadus, Di Giorgio departed after the recording of Human and new bassist Scott Carino{{cite web|url=https://www.voicesfromthedarkside.de/special/a-tribute-to-chuck-schuldiner/ |title=A Tribute to Chuck Schuldiner |publisher=Voices from the Darkside |accessdate=September 11, 2024 }} did Death's extensive world tour, from October 1991 until March 1992, in addition to appearing in the music video for "Lack of Comprehension".

In 1993, Reinert and Masvidal left the group to continue with the band Cynic, as they were working on Cynic's debut full-length album at the time, Focus. Schuldiner then enlisted drummer Gene Hoglan of the recently dissolved thrash metal band Dark Angel,{{cite web |last=Saulnier |first=Jason |date=August 12, 2008 |title=Gene Hoglan Interview Death Drummer on Slayer and James Hetfield|publisher=Music Legends |url=http://musiclegends.ca/interviews/gene-hoglan-interview/ |access-date=July 3, 2013}} and Andy LaRocque from King Diamond guesting on guitar for Individual Thought Patterns in addition to Steve Di Giorgio returning to the band. Since LaRocque was obligated to his band, Schuldiner hired a then-unknown Ralph Santolla as touring guitarist. Death was arguably at the peak of their commercial and popular culture success, and the video for the track "The Philosopher" even made it on to an episode of Beavis & Butt-head in 1994 (Beavis also parodies Schuldiner's vocals in a mock 'drive-thru' order of 'tacos, to go!' in death-metal style). Also in 1994, Death abandoned its eight-year relationship with Relativity and signed with Roadrunner Records, their European distributor. For 1995's Symbolic, Santolla and Di Giorgio were exchanged for underground Florida musicians Kelly Conlon and Bobby Koelble. Conlon was let go from the band prior to the Symbolic tour{{cite magazine |last=Fabi |first=Francesca |title=Death, Symbol of Perfection |magazine=Metal Shock |date=October 1995|url=http://www.emptywords.org/MetalShock10-95.htm|access-date=May 30, 2024}} and was replaced by Brian Benson.

After Symbolic, Schuldiner broke up Death after tension with Roadrunner Records{{cite web |last=Rivadavia |first=Eduardo |date=April 12, 2018 |title=GENE HOGLAN Says CHUCK SCHULDINER Was 'Always Uncomfortable' With Being Called 'Godfather Of Death Metal' |publisher=Blabbermouth |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/gene-hoglan-says-chuck-schuldiner-was-always-uncomfortable-with-being-called-godfather-of-death-metal/ |access-date=July 28, 2018}} and focused on Control Denied.{{cite web |last=Gulbey |first=Dennis |date=Spring 1997 |title=Death No More! Control Denied is Here! |publisher=Sentinel Steel|url=http://www.emptywords.org/SentinelSteel-spring1997.htm |access-date=July 28, 2018 |archive-date=July 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710064304/http://www.emptywords.org/SentinelSteel-spring1997.htm}} Schuldiner signed with record label Nuclear Blast in late 1997, though the label required that another Death album be released before a Control Denied album could be issued.{{cite web|url=http://www.emptywords.org/BAND.htm|title=Empty Words - Bands|accessdate=May 24, 2025}} The seventh Death release, titled The Sound of Perseverance, included Florida musicians Richard Christy, Shannon Hamm and Scott Clendenin, and the album was completed at Morrisound Recording in Tampa and released on Nuclear Blast in 1998.

After the album and two supporting tours, Schuldiner put Death aside to pursue Control Denied with Christy and Hamm. Clendenin was dropped in favor of Steve Di Giorgio, who was once again available, and an underground power metal singer named Tim Aymar. Although the line-up and writing style was largely the same, Schuldiner created Control Denied in large part because he was displeased with the harsher vocals for Death. He opted to create a new band in order to avoid betraying what Death meant and sounded like to fans, remarking: "For me, it is just a matter of evolving, doing it the right way. I didn't put out a Death record with this stuff on it. I made the right choice and changed the name of the band. I tried to do everything the right way."{{cite web |last=Gargano |first=Paul |date=February 2000 |title=Interview With Chuck Schuldiner |work=Metal Edge |publisher=Empty Words|url=http://www.emptywords.org/MetalEdge02-2000.htm |access-date=December 15, 2009}} As Schuldiner finished Control Denied's debut album, he was diagnosed with brain cancer, forcing the band to scrap plans for a U.S. and Canadian tour. As he worked on the second release, Schuldiner's condition improved, but the tumor left him in a weakened, vulnerable state. He contracted pneumonia and was placed in a hospital. On December 13, 2001, Schuldiner was released and returned home. An hour after arriving home, he died.

The second Control Denied release was not completed. Mired in legal problems involving its Dutch label, the musicians and Schuldiner's sister Beth, the former of whom have publicly stated their desire to complete the album, and former manager Eric Greif representing the Estate. In 2004, Hammerheart Records released a two-part bootleg made up of old, pre-Scream Bloody Gore demos, along with partial demos of the unfinished album and live Death recordings from 1990. This was issued under the name Chuck Schuldiner, not Death or Control Denied, but its markedly unfinished state and lack of vocals led to the release not being successful, aided by Schuldiner's mother Jane's pleas for fans to stay away from it. In October 2009, Greif litigated against Hammerheart, representing Schuldiner's estate, and all matters were settled by December, theoretically allowing for the Control Denied album to be completed by the other musicians.

Members of Death have since stayed active as musicians. Gene Hoglan from Dark Angel and Andy LaRocque from King Diamond had already made a name for themselves, with LaRocque continuing to work with King Diamond while Hoglan has done stints with a wide variety of bands including Strapping Young Lad, Old Man's Child, Opeth, Zimmers Hole, Unearth, Pitch Black Forecast, Dethklok, Fear Factory, and most recently, Testament. Paul Masvidal found success with Cynic alongside fellow Death member Sean Reinert, who continue to release albums and tour in the present. Richard Christy went on to gigs with Acheron and Iced Earth before joining The Howard Stern Show, though he has recently resurfaced on the metal scene with Charred Walls of the Damned and guesting on a Crotchduster album. Ralph Santolla has also played with Iced Earth, as well as Sebastian Bach; both are bands which Steve DiGiorgio played in as well. Santolla was in Obituary and he was previously in Deicide. Di Giorgio also played for Testament and is still active with his original band Sadus. Bobby Koelble founded the Orlando rock-funk-Latin fusion group JunkieRush in 2000. He joined the Jazz faculty of the University of Central Florida (UCF) in 2007, and performs and records with The Jazz Professors. James Murphy was also in Testament, formed projects such as Disincarnate, as well as having stints with death metal bands Obituary and Cancer. Murphy was also stricken with a noncancerous brain tumor, for which he received treatment, and, along with Deron Miller of CKY, attempted to organize a Death tribute album. Kam Lee became well known as the frontman and face of the band Massacre, and formed the band Denial Fiend with Terry Butler, who has also found success in Six Feet Under and is currently in Obituary. Lee also continues to perform and record today with numerous underground projects, including Bone Gnawer and The Grotesquery. Scott Clendenin died on March 24, 2015, at the age of 48.{{cite web |date=March 25, 2015 |title=Death Bassist Scott Clendenin Dead at Age 48|work=MetalSucks|url=https://www.metalsucks.net/2015/03/25/death-bassist-scott-clendenin-dead-age-48/ |access-date=April 17, 2020}} Eric Greif, the band's long-time manager and producer, died on October 29, 2021, at the age of 59.

On May 12, 2010, it was announced that Perseverance Holdings Ltd. had partnered with Relapse Records to re-master and re-issue the Death and Control Denied releases, as well as his earlier work in Mantas.{{cite web|last=Sobti|first=Navjot Kaur |date=May 12, 2010 |title=Relapse Records To Reissue All Chuck Schuldiner Material |work=Metal Injection|url=https://metalinjection.net/news/relapse-records-reissue-chuck-schuldiner-material |access-date=April 20, 2020}} On December 13 of the same year, it was announced that The Sound of Perseverance would be the first Death album to receive this treatment, and was released February 2011 in a 2-CD and 3-CD format.{{cite web |date=December 13, 2013 |title=12th Anniversary of Chuck's Passing, Day of Remembrance |publisher=Empty Words |url=http://www.emptywords.org/NEWS.htm |access-date=December 26, 2013}} The Human album has been remixed, with Schuldiner's intellectual property lawyer Eric Greif stating that Sony had lost the tapes of the original mixes,{{cite web |title=Extreme Metal Television Episode 2: Death Tribute Show|publisher=YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTNmUcX4yeg|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/KTNmUcX4yeg| archive-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live|access-date=June 8, 2011}}{{cbignore}} and was reissued in 2-CD and 3-CD formats as well as a digital release. Individual Thought Patterns was reissued in October 2011.{{Cite web |title=DEATH's 'Individual Thought Patterns' Reissue: First-Week Sales Revealed |url=https://blabbermouth.net/news/death-s-individual-thought-patterns-reissue-first-week-sales-revealed |work=Blabbermouth.net|accessdate=May 23, 2025|date=November 7, 2011}} In February 2012, Relapse Records released a 2 CD live album entitled Vivus! that included the previously released 1998 concerts Live in L.A. and Live in Eindhoven, including liner notes by drummer Christy and manager/lawyer Greif. The Relapse deal does not include Death's acclaimed 1995 album Symbolic, whose rights are still retained by Roadrunner Records {{as of|2008|lc=y}}.

On March 16, 2012, it was announced by Sick Drummer Magazine and the Schuldiner's corporation, Perseverance Holdings Ltd, that musicians who previously played in Death would take part in a benefit tour titled "Death to All" for the Sweet Relief Musicians Fund.{{cite web |date=May 13, 2013 |title=Chuck's 46th Birthday |publisher=Empty Words|url=http://www.emptywords.org/NEWS.htm |access-date=May 19, 2013}} The former Death members slated to participate were drummers Gene Hoglan and Sean Reinert, bassists Steve Di Giorgio and Scott Clendenin, guitarists Paul Masvidal, Shannon Hamm and Bobby Koelble. It was later announced that Obscura vocalist Steffen Kummerer and Abysmal Dawn/Bereft frontman Charles Elliott would assume vocal and guitar duties for the tour,{{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Axl |date=March 23, 2012 |title=Death To All Tour: Obscura's Steffen Kummerer Announced As Second Vocalist|publisher=MetalSucks|url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2012/03/23/death-to-all-tour-obscuras-steffen-kummerer-announced-as-second-vocalist/ |access-date=May 7, 2012}} but visa issues made Kummerer's participation impossible and he was replaced by Exhumed vocalist/guitarist Matt Harvey.{{Cite web|url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/death-to-all-schedules-one-off-european-appearance-at-netherlands-neurotic-deathfest/|title='Death To All' Schedules One-Off European Appearance At Netherlands' NEUROTIC DEATHFEST|date=January 18, 2013|website=BLABBERMOUTH.NET}} After the tour, Eric Greif, acting as President of Perseverance Holdings Ltd. (PHL), alleged that the owners of Sick Drummer Magazine had not paid the charity, the musicians, PHL, the crew or the booking agency despite the five shows of the tour being successful.{{cite web |last=Harris |first=Chris |date=September 12, 2012 |title=Eric Greif Issues Statement Following Sick Drummer Claims |publisher=Gun Shy Assassin |url=http://gunshyassassin.com/news/exclusive-eric-greif-issues-statement-following-sick-drummer-claims/ |access-date=September 16, 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916171810/http://gunshyassassin.com/news/exclusive-eric-greif-issues-statement-following-sick-drummer-claims/ |archive-date=September 16, 2012}} However, dates for a second edition of the tour were announced in February 2013, with no involvement from Sick Drummer Magazine,{{cite web |last=Harris |first=Chris |date=February 25, 2013 |title=We've Got The Death To All Tour Dates For You|publisher=Gun Shy Assassin |url=http://gunshyassassin.com/news/exclusive-weve-got-the-death-to-all-tour-dates-for-you/ |access-date=March 1, 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228191522/http://gunshyassassin.com/news/exclusive-weve-got-the-death-to-all-tour-dates-for-you/ |archive-date=February 28, 2013}} and a successful tour of North America in April 2013 was followed by a sold out three-week European tour in November 2013, featuring Masvidal, Reinert, Di Giorgio and vocalist/guitarist Max Phelps. The Death To All moniker was altered to Death (DTA).{{cite web |title=Death to All Tour Dates |publisher=Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/DeathDTATours |access-date=December 5, 2013}}

On November 3, 2021, it was announced that former Death members would play two Florida shows in December 2021 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the passing of Schuldiner. The lineup will feature James Murphy and Terry Butler, as well as Gus Rios and Matt Harvey of Gruesome playing under the name Living Monstrosity, who will play Spiritual Healing in its entirety. Steve DiGiorgio, Bobby Koelble, Kelly Conlon, Dirk Verbeuren, Max Phelps, and Leo Lozano will play under the name Symbolic, playing songs from Human, Individual Thought Patterns, Symbolic, and The Sound of Perseverance.{{Cite web|last=Blabbermouth|date=November 3, 2021|title=Ex-DEATH Members STEVE DIGIORGIO, BOBBY KOELBLE And KELLY CONLON Added To CHUCK SCHULDINER Tribute Concerts|url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/ex-death-members-steve-digiorgio-bobby-koelble-and-kelly-conlon-added-to-chuck-schuldiner-tribute-concerts/|access-date=November 5, 2021|website=BLABBERMOUTH.NET}}

Phelps, Di Giorgio, Koelble and Hoglan will take part in a North American tour in the spring of 2023 under the name Death To All (DTA) to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Individual Thought Patterns.{{Cite web|last=Metal Sucks|date=November 3, 2021|title=Death to All announce North American 2023 Tour|url=https://www.metalsucks.net/2023/01/18/death-to-all-announce-north-american-2023-tour/|access-date=January 20, 2023|website=METALSUCKS.NET}}

Rozz, Butler, Harvey, and Rios are actively performing at live events in 2024 under the name Left to Die.{{Cite web|date=November 19, 2023|title=LEFT TO DIE Feat. Ex-DEATH Members: Video Of Entire Santa Ana Concert During Fall 2023 Tour|url=https://blabbermouth.net/news/left-to-die-feat-ex-death-members-video-of-entire-santa-ana-concert-during-fall-2023-tour|access-date=September 30, 2024|website=Blabbermouth.net}} The band formed not long after Harvey and Rios played the Death tribute show in 2021.{{Cite web|last=Kennelty|first=Greg|date=January 25, 2022|title=Ex-DEATH, EXHUMED & GRUESOME Members Form New Band LEFT TO DIE|url=https://metalinjection.net/news/ex-death-exhumed-gruesome-members-form-new-band-left-to-die|access-date=September 30, 2024|website=Metal Injection}}

Death were considered pioneers of the death metal subgenre of heavy metal. According to Malcolm Dome of Metal Hammer, Death "took the thrash template and intensified it, adding guttural vocals, a style that few outside the tape trading network would have been familiar with." Music biographer Garry Sharpe-Young considered Death "a genre-breaking band centered upon frontman Chuck Schuldiner" and that the band "would become one of the prime instigators of the death metal movement".{{cite book |last=Sharpe-Young |first=Garry |year=2008 |title=Death Metal |publisher=Zonda Books Limited|isbn=978-0-9582684-4-8}} However, Schuldiner dismissed such attributions by stating, in an interview with Metal-Rules.com, "I don't think I should take the credits for this death metal stuff. I'm just a guy from a band, and I think Death is a metal band".{{cite web |last=Renda |first=Patricia |year=1999 |title=Chuck Schuldiner: The Pain Of A Genius |publisher=Metal Rules |url=http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/chuck.htm |access-date=August 5, 2008}} In Death's later output, their music became more technical and melodic, showcasing a technical death metal, progressive metal, and melodic death metal style.{{cite web|last=Hartmann|first=Graham|date=February 3, 2017 |title=10 Greatest Technical Death Metal Bands |work=Loudwire |url=http://loudwire.com/10-greatest-technical-death-metal-bands/}}{{cite web|last=DiVita|first=Joe|date=July 18, 2013 |title=10 Best Songs by the Band Death |work=Loudwire |url=http://loudwire.com/best-songs-by-band-death/ |access-date=March 23, 2018}}{{cite web|last=Wiederhorn|first=Jon|date=December 13, 2023 |title=23 Years Ago – Death Founder + Death Metal Pioneer Chuck Schuldiner Dies |website=Loudwire |url=http://loudwire.com/death-chuck-schuldiner-dies-anniversary/ |access-date=April 22, 2025}}{{cite web |date=September 12, 2017 |title=Deluxe Vinyl Reissue Of DEATH's 'Individual Thought Patterns' Due In October |website=Blabbermouth |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/deluxe-vinyl-reissue-of-deaths-individual-thought-patterns-due-in-october/ |access-date=June 27, 2018}}{{cite web |last=Hundey |first=Jason |title=Death The Sound of Perseverance |website=AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-sound-of-perseverance-mw0000045079 |access-date=June 27, 2018}} According to Loudwire, "With 1990s Spiritual Healing, Death started to transform into a progressive, technical death metal band, adding abrupt 90-degree rhythm shifts and multiple tempo changes without sacrificing their heavy groove." Joe DiVita of Loudwire said "along with Carcass and At the Gates, Death helped pave the way for infectious melodies and hooks to enter the genre."{{Cite web |last=DiVita |first=Joe |date=July 18, 2013 |title=10 Best Songs by the Band Death |url=https://loudwire.com/best-songs-by-band-death/ |access-date=December 27, 2024 |website=Loudwire |language=en}} Complex time signatures also became a hallmark of the band's style later in their career.{{Cite web |last=Horsley |first=Jonathan |date=June 18, 2021 |title=5 songs guitar players need to hear by… Death |url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/5-songs-guitar-players-Death |access-date=December 31, 2024 |website=MusicRadar |language=en}}

Regarding percussion styles, Gene Hoglan is recognized as a percussionist using double kick drum equipment and one of a crop who "set new standards in speed and endurance".{{cite web|last=Nyman|first=John|date=2009|url=http://www.drummagazine.com/features/post/double-bass-legends-a-short-history|title=Double Bass Legends: A Short History|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019032237/http://www.drummagazine.com/features/post/double-bass-legends-a-short-history|archivedate=October 19, 2016|work=Drum Magazine|accessdate=December 24, 2024}} During an interview he described Sean Reinert's drumming on Human as "godly", and praised it as "the fastest double bassing around at the time" and "a template which we tried to match on Individual Thought Patterns".{{cite web |title=Gene Hoglan Interviewed About Chuck Schuldiner |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2_tPo_IHnw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/K2_tPo_IHnw |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |access-date=November 14, 2019 |publisher=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}

Image:Death band.png|left]]

The band's early releases were described as having taken a "gratuitous gorehound lyrical approach", exploring topics such as zombies and slasher-film style violence. Later releases dealt with topics such as religion, serial killers and substance abuse. Schuldiner said, "I got fed up with writing about crap monsters. [...] What’s horrific about that sort of thing? The real evil in this world goes on in society. I’d just reached a time in my life as a person and as a musician when I felt angry enough to write about it.”

Kam Lee designed Death's original logo before he was removed from the band.{{Cite web |last=Digby |date=November 15, 2009 |title=ASK EARACHE: What happened to MASSACRE? |url=http://askearache.blogspot.com/2009/11/what-happened-to-massacre.html |access-date=April 12, 2021 |website=ASK EARACHE}} Schuldiner subsequently designed the logo's various incarnations throughout the remainder of the band's existence. In 1991, before the release of Human, he cleaned up the logo; he took out more intricate details, and the "T" in the logo was swapped from an inverted cross to a more regular-looking "T", one reason being to quash any implication of being anti-religious.{{cite web |title=Altars of Metal Interviews: Death |url=http://aom.dead-inside.org:80/inter/death/index.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025227/http://aom.dead-inside.org:80/inter/death/index.htm |archivedate=March 3, 2008 |work=Altars of Metal}} The logo was changed again, between Symbolic and The Sound of Perseverance, to "a more streamlined look"; also, a hooded reaper was removed above the "H".{{Cite web |title=Death Logo Through the Years |url=https://www.heavychronicle.com/articles/death-logo-design-history/ |access-date=December 31, 2024 |website=Heavy Chronicle |language=en}}

Schuldiner was quoted saying, "I love the New Wave Of British Heavy Metal [...] but I wanted to combine their style with the harder end; with what Slayer and Venom were doing. I didn’t set out to create something new – it just happened." His main influences as a guitarist were Yngwie Malmsteen, Eddie Van Halen and both Dave Murray and Adrian Smith of Iron Maiden. He was also influenced by numerous bands such as Black Sabbath, Kiss, Van Halen, Saxon, Iron Maiden, Rush, Raven, Mercyful Fate, Venom, Hellhammer, Celtic Frost, Savatage, Slayer, Metallica, Anthrax, Exciter, Manowar, Judas Priest, Nasty Savage, Possessed and Sacrifice. As inspirations to the technical/progressive direction of Death's last four studio albums, the band also cited Queensrÿche, Dream Theater, Carcass, Coroner, Watchtower and Psychotic Waltz.{{Cite web|last=Scapelliti|first=Christopher |date=December 13, 2021 |title=How Chuck Schuldiner pioneered the sound of death metal and became its spiritual guide |url=https://www.guitarworld.com/features/chuck-schuldiner-death-metal |access-date=November 2, 2023 |website=guitarworld |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2021 |title=After Death: Chuck Schuldiner's Life and Legacy |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/after-death-chuck-schuldiners-life-and-legacy|access-date=November 2, 2023 |website=Revolver |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2011 |title=Remembering Chuck Schuldiner |url=https://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=74905 |access-date=November 2, 2023|website=Metalunderground |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Death Family Tree |url=https://www.givememetal.com/deathmetaltrees/death-family-tree |access-date=November 2, 2023 |website=givememetal |language=en}}

Death is considered to be both a pioneering force in death metal, and one of the most influential bands in the history of heavy metal in general. Dom Lawson of Metal Hammer wrote, "few could dispute that Chuck Schuldiner and Death towered over the entire scene for the entirety of their all-too-brief existence."{{Cite web |last=Lawson|first=Dom |date=April 3, 2020|title=The Top 10 Metal Bands From Florida |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-top-10-metal-bands-from-florida |access-date=January 31, 2025 |website=Louder Sound|language=en}} Eli Enis at Revolver wrote, "With each album, from 1987 debut Scream Bloody Gore to their 1998 swansong The Sound of Perseverance, Schuldiner and Co. delivered songs that not only defined the genre, but helped push it into its most progressive and exciting realms."{{Cite web |last=Enis |first=Eli |title=Fan Poll: Top 5 Death Songs |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/fan-poll-top-5-death-songs/ |access-date=December 31, 2024 |website=Revolver |language=en-US}} Blabbermouth wrote "each of Death's seven studio albums can be seen as both a fully-realized milestone in metal history, and a transition point leading into a future few could envision at the time."{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2008 |title=Symbolic |url=https://blabbermouth.net/reviews/symbolic |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=BLABBERMOUTH.NET |language=en}} Dom Lawson of Metal Hammer wrote, "[Death] were always a couple of steps ahead of the game and audibly, thrillingly devoted to pushing extreme metal into uncharted territory."{{Cite web |last=Lawson|first=Dom |date=April 3, 2020|title=The Top 10 Metal Bands From Florida |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-top-10-metal-bands-from-florida |access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=louder|language=en}} Scream Bloody Gore is widely regarded as the first death metal album.{{cite book |title=Heavy Metal Thunder |date=2006 |publisher=Chronicle Books |isbn=0-8118-5353-5 |editor1-last=Sherry|editor1-first=James |location=San Francisco |editor2-last=Aldis |editor2-first=Neil}} Death is also now recognized as one of the most acclaimed music groups of all time, held in high praise by critics, metal musicians, and fans.{{cite web |author=Excretakano |date=November 5, 2014 |title=The 25 Best Metal Bands of All Time, #8: Death |url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2014/11/05/25-best-metal-bands-time-8-death |access-date=November 14, 2018 |website=MetalSucks}}{{cite web |date=November 20, 2014 |title=MetalSucks Readers Name Death the Best Metal Band of All Time |url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2014/11/20/metalsucks-readers-name-death-best-metal-band-time |access-date=November 14, 2018 |website=MetalSucks}}

Many bands cited Death as a influence such as Obituary,{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2009 |title=The way the music died: The earliest days of Tampa Death Metal - St. Petersburg Times |url=https://www.tampabay.com/features/music/the-way-the-music-died-the-earliest-days-of-tampa-death-metal/1046088/ |access-date=November 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027025354/https://www.tampabay.com/features/music/the-way-the-music-died-the-earliest-days-of-tampa-death-metal/1046088/ |archive-date=October 27, 2009 }} Hail of Bullets, Meshuggah, Baroness, Cormorant, Fear Factory, Revocation, Exhumed, Obscura, Cynic,{{Cite web |last=Gotrich |first=Lars |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Death Is Never Finished: Remembering Death Metal Pioneer Chuck Schuldiner|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/allsongs/2011/12/12/143518038/death-is-never-finished-remembering-death-metal-pioneer-chuck-schuldiner |access-date=November 2, 2023 |website=npr.org}} Opeth,{{Cite book|last=Wagner|first=Jeff |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZwZcZ2X5ToC&pg=PA110 |title=Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal |date=2010 |publisher=Bazillion Points Books |isbn=978-0-9796163-3-4 |language=en}} the Dillinger Escape Plan,{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Entrevista: THE DILLINGER ESCAPE PLAN – RISE! |url=https://risemetal.com/2010/03/24/entrevista-the-dillinger-escape-plan/ |access-date=November 1, 2023 |language=es-ES}}{{Citation |title=Greg Puciato of The Dillinger Escape Plan: The Sound and The Story (Short) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ugiy8Qexl0 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |language=en}} Suicide Silence,{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2008 |title=EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH SUICIDE SILENCE BASSIST MIKE BODKINS |url=https://www.metalsucks.net/2008/09/09/exclusive-interview-with-suicide-silence-bassist-mike-bodkins/ |access-date=November 1, 2023|website=MetalSucks |language=en}} Mastodon, Gojira and System of a Down.{{Cite web |last=Angle |first=Brad |title=After Death: Chuck Schuldiner's Life and Legacy |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/after-death-chuck-schuldiners-life-and-legacy/ |access-date=December 27, 2024|website=Revolver |language=en-US}} Kelly Schaefer of Atheist stated that Schuldiner's spirit of competition inspired the band to pursue innovation in the death metal genre themselves.{{cn|date=December 2024}} George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher of Cannibal Corpse said that Schuldiner "inspired [him] to become death metal singer."{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2022 |title=CANNIBAL CORPSE Frontman Says CHUCK SCHULDINER Inspired Him To Become Death Metal Singer |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/cannibal-corpse-frontman-says-chuck-schuldiner-inspired-him-to-become-death-metal-singer/ |access-date=November 2, 2023|website=BLABBERMOUTH.NET |language=en}}

Death's influence extends beyond the death metal genre. Corey Taylor of Slipknot has cited Death as an important influence. Herman Li and all the members of DragonForce have expressed their appreciation for Death, and covered "Evil Dead" on their album "Reaching Into Infinity", saying they consider the band "legendary".{{Cite web|last=Kennelty|first=Greg|date=March 24, 2017 |title=DRAGONFORCE Is Covering DEATH's "Evil Dead" On Its New Album |url=https://metalinjection.net/news/dragonforce-is-covering-deaths-evil-dead-on-its-new-album |access-date=November 3, 2023|website=Metal Injection |language=en-US}}

In January 2001, Mahyar Dean, an Iranian musician, wrote Death, a book about Death and Schuldiner, and released it in Iran. The book includes bilingual lyrics and many articles about the band. The book was sent from the site keepers of emptywords.org to Schuldiner, who in his words was "truly blown away and extremely honored by the obvious work and devotion he put into bringing the book to life".{{cite web |date=April 2001 |title=Voices From Iran |url=http://www.emptywords.org/VoicesFromIran.htm |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Empty Words}} A documentary entitled Death by Metal was released in 2016.{{cite web |last=Horn |first=Ray Van Jr. |date=August 31, 2018|title=Death By Metal - DEATH |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/dvdreviews/death-by-metal/ |access-date=November 14, 2019 |website=Blabbermouth.net}}

{{main|List of Death (metal band) members}}

Final lineup

• Chuck Schuldiner – guitars {{small|(1983–1995, 1997–2001; his death)}}, vocals {{small|(1984–1995, 1997–2001; his death)}}, bass {{small|(1983–1984, 1984–1985, 1986–1987)}}
• Shannon Hamm – guitars {{small|(1997–2001)}}
• Scott Clendenin – bass {{small|(1997–2001; died 2015)}}
• Richard Christy – drums {{small|(1997–2001)}}

{{main|Death discography}}

• Scream Bloody Gore (1987)
• Leprosy (1988)
• Spiritual Healing (1990)
• Human (1991)
• Individual Thought Patterns (1993)
• Symbolic (1995)
• The Sound of Perseverance (1998)

{{Reflist}}

{{Wikiquote}}{{commons category}}

• {{Official website|http://www.emptywords.org}}
• {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000228323|label=Death}}
• {{musicbrainz artist|id=dbb3b771-ae77-4381-b61c-758b5b7898ec|name=Death}}
• {{Discogs artist|artist=https://www.discogs.com/artist/254268-Death-2}}

{{Death (band)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Death}}

Category:1984 establishments in Florida

Category:2001 disestablishments in Florida

Category:American melodic death metal musical groups

Category:American technical death metal musical groups

Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines

Category:Death metal musical groups from Florida

Category:Musical groups established in 1984

Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2001

Category:Musical groups from Orlando, Florida

Category:Musical quartets from Florida