Deconica coprophila

{{short description|Species of fungus}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = 2010-07-09 Deconica coprophila (Bull.) Fr 93001.jpg

| image_caption =

| taxon = Deconica coprophila

| authority = (Bull.) P.Karst (1821)

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms = Agaricus coprophilus Bull. (1793)

Psilocybe coprophila (Bull.) P.Kumm. (1871)

Stropharia coprophila (Bull.) J.E. Lange (1936)

}}

{{Mycomorphbox

| name = Deconica coprophila

| hymeniumType = gills

| capShape = convex

| whichGills = adnate

| whichGills2 = decurrent

| stipeCharacter = bare

| sporePrintColor = purple-brown

| ecologicalType = saprotrophic

| howEdible = caution

}}

Deconica coprophila, commonly known as the dung-loving psilocybe, meadow muffin mushroom,{{Cite book |last=Arora |first=David |author-link=David Arora |url=https://archive.org/details/arora-david-mushrooms-demystified-a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-fleshy-fungi-ten-speed-press-1986/page/370/mode/2up |title=Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi |publisher=Ten Speed Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-89815-170-1 |edition=2nd |location=Berkeley, CA |pages=370 |orig-date=1979}} or dung demon, is a species of mushroom in the family Strophariaceae.

Taxonomy

First described as Agaricus coprophilus by Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard in 1793, it was transferred to the genus Psilocybe by Paul Kummer in 1871.

In the first decade of the 2000s, several molecular studies showed that the Psilocybe was polyphyletic and the non-bluing (non-hallucinogenic) species were transferred to Deconica.

Description

The hemispherical cap is up to {{Convert|2.5|cm|frac=4}} wide, red then orangish, usually with a hygrophanous central blotch. The gills are adnate, pale then purplish with white edges.

The stem is up to {{Convert|4|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} long and {{Convert|3|mm|frac=8}} thick and darker near the base. The spore print is purplish-brown.{{Cite book |last=Audubon |title=Mushrooms of North America |publisher=Knopf |year=2023 |isbn=978-0-593-31998-7 |pages=665}}

= Similar species =

It resembles D. merdaria, Agrocybe pediades, Panaeolus cinctulus, and members of Protostropharia.

Habitat and distribution

The species grows on cattle dung in much of North America (generally from July to September; December to May on the West Coast).

Potential uses

While non-toxic, the species is not a good edible mushroom.{{cite book|last=Miller Jr.|first=Orson K.|title=North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi|last2=Miller|first2=Hope H.|publisher=FalconGuide|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7627-3109-1|location=Guilford, CN|pages=250|author-link=Orson K. Miller Jr.}} It only contains a small amount of psilocybin and is thus not a significantly psychoactive mushroom.

{{clear}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite book |title=Histoire des champignons de la France |volume=2 |author=Bulliard JBF. |year=1793 |page=243 |language=French}}

{{cite book |title=Der Führer in die Pilzkunde |author=Kummer P. |edition=1 |year=1871 |page=71 |language=German}}

{{cite journal |vauthors=Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, Aime MC, Moncalvo JM, Ge ZW, Slot JC, Ammirati JF, Baroni TJ, Bougher NL, Hughes KW, Lodge DJ, Kerrigan RW, Seidl MT, Aanen DK, DeNitis M, Daniele GM, Desjardin DE, Kropp BR, Norvell LL, Parker A, Vellinga EC, Vilgalys R, Hibbett DS |title=Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview |journal=Mycologia |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=982–95 |year=2006 |pmid=17486974 |doi=10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982 |url=http://www.mycologia.org/content/98/6/982.full.pdf}}

{{cite journal |vauthors=Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Catherine AM, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJ, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Greg Thorn R, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, ((Miller OK Jr)) |title=One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=357–400 |year=2002 |pmid=12099793 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1}}

{{cite journal|author=Norvell L. |year=2009 |title=Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: 15 |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=110 |pages=487–92 |url=http://www.ima-mycology.org/CFF/pdf/Fungi-15.pdf |doi=10.5248/110.487 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331090954/http://www.ima-mycology.org/CFF/pdf/Fungi-15.pdf |archive-date=March 31, 2012 }}

{{cite journal |vauthors=Nugent KG, Saville BJ |title=Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic fungi: a DNA-based approach |journal=Forensic Science International |volume=140 |issue=2–3 |pages=147–57 |year=2004 |pmid=15036436 |doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.11.022}}

{{cite journal |last1=Pauline |first1=N'Douba Amako |last2=Claude |first2=Kouassi Kouadio |last3=Clovis |first3=Koffi N'Dono Boni |last4=Allal |first4=Douira |last5=Koutoua |first5=Ayolié |date=2022 |title=Coprophilous fungi of Daloa city: New species for the fungal flora of Côte d'Ivoire |url=https://zenodo.org/records/7142532/files/GSCBPS-2022-0362.pdf |doi=10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.3.0362 |journal=GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=251–260|doi-access=free }}

{{cite web |url=http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=355554 |title=Psilocybe coprophila (Bull.) P. Kumm. 1871 |publisher=MycoBank. International Mycological Association |access-date=2010-11-21}}

}}