Demographics of Indonesia#Ethnic groups

File:Map of Indonesian provinces by urban population percentage, 2022.svg|Provinces of Indonesia by urban population percentage

File:Indonesia provinces population density 2020.svg|Provinces of Indonesia by population density per square kilometer in 2020

File:Population density of Indonesia by village and subdistrict (desa & kelurahan) (2024).png|Villages of Indonesia by population density per square kilometer in 2024

Source: Our World in Data,{{cite web |title=Indonesia Population – Our World in Data |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population?time=0..latest&country=~IDN |website=ourworldindata.org |language=en |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204130047/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population?time=0..latest&country=~IDN |url-status=live }} Statistics Indonesia,{{cite web | url = http://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1267 | title = Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010 | publisher = Central Bureau of Statistics | access-date = 20 July 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171123162558/http://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1267 | archive-date = 23 November 2017 | url-status = dead }} Wertheim (1959),{{cite book | last = Wertheim | first = W. F. | title = Indonesian Society in Transition | publisher = Uitgeverij W. van Hoeve | edition = Second (revised) | date = 1959 | location = 's-Gravenhage | pages = 370}} Geografi dan Kependudukan (1976),{{cite book |date=1976|title=Geografi dan Kependudukan untuk SMP kelas 2 |trans-title=Geography and Demographics for High School Grade 2|language=id |publisher= FA. Hasmar}} Widjojo Nitisastro (2006){{cite book |last=Nitisastro |first=Widjojo |date=2006 |title=Population trends in Indonesia |publisher=Equinox |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQbd3-G6riUC&pg=PA75 |language=en |isbn=9789793780436}}

Source: Population Census 2010, except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020.

Note: ^(a) North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).

[https://web.archive.org/web/20130814132347/http://geocurrents.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Indonesia-provinces-North-Kalimantan-Map.png]

:0-14 years: 23.33%

:15-64 years: 70.72%

:65 years and over: 5.95% (2020 census){{cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/meetings/2021/egm-covid19-census-20210209/docs/s03-04-IDN.pdf|title=The Indonesian Population Census 2020 Highlights|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629171627/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/meetings/2021/egm-covid19-census-20210209/docs/s03-04-IDN.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2021|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://setkab.go.id/en/statistics-indonesia-releases-2020-census-results/|title=Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia: Statistics Indonesia Releases 2020 Census Results|date=23 January 2021|access-date=1 June 2022|archive-date=13 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113141004/https://setkab.go.id/en/statistics-indonesia-releases-2020-census-results/|url-status=live}}

{{Pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Age structure in Indonesia (2020)

|label1 = Minor: 0-14 years

|value1 = 23.3

|color1 = Aqua

|label2 = Workforce: 15-64 years

|value2 = 70.7

|color2 = DodgerBlue

|label3 = Retiree: 65 years and over

|value3 = 6.0

|color3 = Blue

}}

File:Median age of Indonesia by district (kecamatan) (2022).svg

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data are based on the publication: "Indonesia Population Projection 2015-2045"):{{cite web | url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ | title=UNSD – Demographic and Social Statistics | access-date=28 June 2022 | archive-date=14 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414000805/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ | url-status=live }}

File:Indonesia provinces fertility rate 2017.svg

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022{{cite UN WPP|2022|rows=8285:8356|cols=M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI}}

{{GraphChart

| width = 450

| height = 150

| xAxisTitle=year

| yAxisTitle= million

| yAxisMin=

| yGrid= 0,1

| xGrid= 10

| legend=

| type = line

| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1= 69.6,71,72.6,74.2,75.9,77.7,79.7,81.7,83.8,86,88.4,90.8,93.3,96,98.7,101.2,103.6,106.3,109.1,112.1,115.2,118.3,121.5,124.7,127.9,131.2,134.5,137.9,

141.3,144.7,148.2,151.7,155.2,158.8,162.3,165.8,169.1,172.4,175.7,178.9,182.2,185.4,188.6,191.7,194.9,198.1,201.4,204.6,207.9,211,214.1,217.1,220.1,223.1,225.9,228.8,231.8,234.9,237.9,241,244,247.1,250.2,253.3,256.2,259.1,261.9,264.5,267.1,269.6,271.9,273.8

| y1Title= population (million)

}}

{{GraphChart

| width = 450

| height = 150

| xAxisTitle=years

| yAxisTitle= ‰

| yAxisMin=

| yGrid= 0,1

| xGrid= 10

| hAnnotatonsLine=

| hAnnotatonsLabel=

| legend=

| type = line

| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1= 19.0,19.8,20.9,21.8,22.7,23.4,24.2,24.9,25.4,26.0,26.4,26.7,27.0,27.1,27.3,22.3,25.9,27.0,26.7,26.5,26.2,25.8,25.6,25.4,24.9,24.7,24.3,24.0,23.9,

23.7,23.4,22.9,22.7,22.1,21.5,20.2,19.3,18.9,18.5,18.0,17.4,17.4,16.8,16.6,16.4,16.3,16.1,16.0,15.4,14.8,14.5,14.2,13.9,

13.7,12.7,13.4,13.5,13.6,13.3,13.0,12.8,12.9,12.6,12.0,11.5,11.0,10.5,9.9,9.7,9.4,7.7, 6.4

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)

}}

{{GraphChart

| width = 450

| height = 150

| xAxisTitle=years

| yAxisTitle= ‰

| yAxisMin=

| yGrid= 0,1

| xGrid= 10

| hAnnotatonsLine=

| hAnnotatonsLabel=

| legend=

| type = line

| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1=189.1,186.8,182.0,177.4,172.9,168.4,164.0,159.8,155.8,151.9,148.3,144.8,141.4,138.1,134.8,142.7,129.5,124.8,121.4,118.0,114.6,111.5,108.4,105.3,

102.3,99.4,96.8,94.1,91.6,89.3,86.9,84.6,82.3,79.9,77.6,75.2,72.8,70.4,68.0,65.6,63.1,60.6,58.1,55.7,53.3,51.0,48.9,46.8,44.8,42.9,41.1,39.5,37.8,36.3,36.9,

33.5,32.2,31.0,29.8,28.7,27.6,26.5,25.6,24.6,23.7,22.8,22.0,21.2,20.5,19.8,19.2,18.6

| y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)

}}

{{GraphChart

| width = 450

| height = 150

| xAxisTitle=years

| yAxisTitle= TFR

| yAxisMin=

| yGrid= 0,1

| xGrid= 10

| hAnnotatonsLine=2.1

| hAnnotatonsLabel=

| legend=

| type = line

| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1= 5.19,5.23,5.27,5.31,5.35,5.37,5.41,5.45,5.48,5.51,5.55,5.57,5.59,5.60,5.61,5.62,5.60,5.58,5.54,5.51,5.45,5.36,5.29,5.22,5.09,5.04,4.92,4.81,4.72,4.61,

4.49,4.36,4.25,4.10,3.94,3.71,3.53,3.42,3.33,3.22,3.10,3.06,2.94,2.88,2.84,2.80,2.77,2.74,2.66,2.58,2.54,2.50,2.46,2.43,2.42,2.43,2.45,2.49,2.48,2.46,2.45,2.50,2.49,2.43,2.39,2.35,2.31,2.26,2.23,2.22,2.19,2.18

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate

}}

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):{{Cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=8&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|title=MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys|access-date=5 July 2014|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115005515/http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=8&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|url-status=live}}

Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:http://www.ifa-fiv.org/wp-content/2014/09/Indonesian_Ageing_Monograph-print-version1.pdf{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Note: No data is available for 2017.

{{cite web |title=Number of Marriages and Divorces by Province (Incident), 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/en/statistics-table/3/VkhwVUszTXJPVmQ2ZFRKamNIZG9RMVo2VEdsbVVUMDkjMyMwMDAw/number-of-marriages-and-divorces-by-province--incident-.html?year=2024 |website=Statistics Indonesia (BPS) |access-date=5 May 2025}}

{{bar box

|titlebar=#ddd

|width=

|left1=Ethnic groups

|right1=Percentage

|float=right

|bars=

{{bar percent|Javanese|green|40.06}}

{{bar percent|Sundanese|blue|15.51}}

{{bar percent|Malay|orange|3.70}}

{{bar percent|Batak|yellow|3.58}}

{{bar percent|Madurese|purple|3.03}}

{{bar percent|Betawi|black|2.88}}

{{bar percent|Minangkabau|red|2.73}}

{{bar percent|Bugis|orange|2.71}}

{{bar percent|Bantenese|violet|1.96}}

{{bar percent|Banjarese|brown|1.74}}

{{bar percent|Balinese|lime|1.66}}

{{bar percent|Acehnese|gold|1.44}}

{{bar percent|Dayak|grey|1.36}}

{{bar percent|Sasak|cyan|1.34}}

}}

{{Main article|Ethnic groups in Indonesia}}

{{Also| List of ethnic groups in Indonesia by population}}

Indonesia is a country of great ethnic diversity, with approximately 600 distinct indigenous ethnic groups living side by side across more than 17,000 islands.{{sfn|Ananta|Arifin|Hasbullah|Handayani|2015|pp=12, 27–28}}{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/news/2015/11/18/127/mengulik-data-suku-di-indonesia.html|title=Mengulik Data Suku di Indonesia|publisher=Statistics Indonesia|access-date=1 January 2021|language=id|date=18 November 2015}} The majority of Indonesia's population is descended from Austronesian peoples who are concentrated in western and central Indonesia, which is part of the Asian continent. Another large group is the Melanesian peoples, who inhabit the eastern part of Indonesia (the Maluku Islands, Western New Guinea, and the East Nusa Tenggara) in Oceania.{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Jean Gelman |title=Indonesia |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |url=https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean |isbn=978-0-300-09709-2 |pages=5–7}}{{sfn|Witton|2003|pp=139, 181, 251, 435}}{{cite book|last1=Dawson |first1= B.|last2=Gillow |first2= J.|title=The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia|publisher=Thames and Hudson Ltd.|year=1994|location=London|page=7|isbn=978-0-500-34132-2}}

The Javanese are the largest ethnic group, accounting for 40.2% of the population and are culturally, economically, and politically dominant. The Javanese are concentrated in Java, the most populous island, especially in the central and eastern parts, and also in significant numbers in most provinces due to extensive migration throughout the archipelago. The Sundanese are the next largest group (15.4%), followed by the Malays, Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, and Bugis. A sense of Indonesian nationalism is present along with strong ethnic and regional identities.{{Cite book|last=Ananta|first=Aris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nh1qDwAAQBAJ&q=sundanese+ethnic+second+most&pg=PT188|title=Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity|date=2016-04-29|publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.|isbn=978-981-4695-94-7|language=en}}

{{main article|Languages of Indonesia}}

Indonesian is the official and national language of Indonesia,{{cite wikisource |title=Article 36 of The 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia |wslink=Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia}} widely spoken by over 97% of the population.{{citation|url=https://www.bps.go.id/en/publication/2023/01/27/ffb5939b4393e5b1146a9b91/the-result-of-long-form-population-census-2020.html|title=Long Form Census 2020|work=Statistics Indonesia|language=id}} However, Indonesia is a highly multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 regional languages spoken across the Indonesian archipelago. This extensive linguistic diversity accounts for about 10% of the world’s total languages, making Indonesia the second most linguistically diverse country in the world.{{Citation |last=Lewis |first=M. Paul |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ |year=2009 |edition=16th |publisher=SIL International |access-date=17 November 2009}}{{Cite web |title=What Countries Have the Most Languages? |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/countries-most-languages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820110531/https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/countries-most-languages |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |website=Ethnologue |date=22 May 2019 |language=en}} The majority of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family, which is prevalent in the western and central regions of Indonesia, including languages such as Acehnese, Batak, Sundanese, Balinese, Banjarese and Buginese. In contrast, the eastern regions, particularly Papua and the Maluku Islands, are home to over 270 Papuan languages, which are distinct from the Austronesian language family and represent a unique linguistic heritage.{{Cite book |last1=Simons |first1=Gary F. |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ID/languages |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition |last2=Fennig |first2=Charles D. |publisher=SIL International |year=2018 |access-date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626224541/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ID/languages |archive-date=26 June 2019}} The most widely spoken language as a mother tongue is Javanese, spoken by over 80 million speakers, mainly in central and east Java, but also on many other islands due to migration.

{{main article|Religion in Indonesia}}

{{Pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Religion in Indonesia (2024){{cite web | url= https://e-database.kemendagri.go.id/dataset/1203/tabel-data?page=23| title=Religion in Indonesia }}{{refn|Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 175.064 (0.1), Total 280.725.428 Million}}

|label1 = Islam

|value1 = 87.09

|color1 = DarkGreen

|label2 = Protestantism

|value2 = 7.38

|color2 = DarkBlue

|label3 = Roman Catholic

|value3 = 3.07

|color3 = DarkOrchid

|label4 = Hinduism

|value4 = 1.67

|color4 = DarkOrange

|label5 = Buddhism

|value5 = 0.71

|color5 = Gold

|label6 = Folk/Other

|value6 = 0.04

|color6 = Gray

|label7 = Confucianism

|value7 = 0.03

|color7 = Red

}}

Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation; based on civil registration data in 2024 from Ministry of Home Affairs, 87.09% of Indonesians are Muslims, 10.45% Christians (7.38% Protestants, 3.07% Roman Catholic), 1.67% Hindu, 0.71% Buddhists, 0.03% Confucians and 0.04% Folk and other faiths. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese{{Cite book |last=Oey |first=Eric |title=Bali |place=Singapore |publisher=Periplus Editions |year=1997 |edition=3rd |isbn=962-593-028-0}} and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are Chinese.{{cite web |title=Indonesia – Buddhism |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress |url=http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/40.htm |access-date=15 October 2006 |archive-date=15 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015180248/http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/40.htm |url-status=live }}

{{portal|Indonesia}}

• Census in Indonesia
• Culture of Indonesia
• Native Indonesians
• Overseas Indonesian
• Transmigration program

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Ananta |first1=Aris |last2=Arifin |first2=Evi Nurvidya |last3=Hasbullah |first3=M Sairi |last4=Handayani |first4=Nur Budi |last5=Pramono |first5=Agus |year=2015 |title=Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crKfCgAAQBAJ |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-4519-87-8 }}

• [http://www.bps.go.id/ Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050759/http://www.bps.go.id/ |date=4 February 2012 }} {{in lang|id}}
• [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/ CIA World Factbook article on Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410041925/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/ |date=10 April 2023 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080618163007/http://www.aiys.org/webdate/gadr.html On Indonesians of Arab descent]
• [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/country-profiles/pdf/360.pdf United Nations "World Population Prospects": Country Profile – Indonesia]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Ethnic groups in Indonesia}}

{{Indonesia topics}}

{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics of Indonesia}}

Category:Ethnic groups in Indonesia