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Dendrobatinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of amphibians}}

{{automatic taxobox

| image = Färberfrosch Dendrobates tinctorius.jpg

| image_caption = Dyeing dart frog, Dendrobates tinctorius.

| taxon = Dendrobatinae

| authority = Cope, 1865

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = Adelphobates

Andinobates

Dendrobates

Excidobates

Minyobates

Oophaga

Phyllobates

Ranitomeya

}}

Dendrobatinae is the main subfamily of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs of Central and South America, found from Nicaragua to the Amazon basin in Brazil.{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Dendrobatidae/Dendrobatinae |title=Dendrobatinae Cope, 1865 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=13 September 2014}}

Description

Dendrobatinae are generally small frogs; Andinobates minutus is as small as {{convert|13|-|16|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. Many species are brightly colored and all are toxic. Alkaloids in Phyllobates are particularly potent.{{cite book|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles |edition=4th |first1=Laurie J.|last1= Vitt|first2=Janalee P. |last2=Caldwell|publisher=Academic Press|year=2014|pages=489–490}}

All species are presumed to show parental care, often by the male. However, some species show biparental care (Ranitomeya), whereas in Oophaga only females care for the tadpoles, feeding them with eggs, their only source of nutrition. The males are responsible for protecting the eggs from predation and keeping the eggs from drying out by urinating on them.Brust, D. G. (1993). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1564914?seq=2 "Maternal Brood Care by Dendrobates pumilio: A Frog that Feeds its Young"], Journal of Herpetology. Vol. 27, No. 1. pp. 96–98.

General

There are eight or seven{{cite web |url=http://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Dendrobatidae.shtml|title=Dendrobatidae |year=2014 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |accessdate=13 September 2014}} AmphibiaWeb is not placing Andinobates in any subfamily. genera in this subfamily:

class="wikitable"
ImageGenusLiving species
175pxAdelphobates Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006*Adelphobates castaneoticus (Caldwell and Myers, 1990)

175pxAndinobates Twomey, Brown, Amézquita, and Mejía-Vargas, 2011*Andinobates abditus (Myers and Daly, 1976)
  • Andinobates altobueyensis (Silverstone, 1975)
  • Andinobates bombetes (Myers and Daly, 1980)
  • Andinobates cassidyhornae (Amézquita et al., 2013)
  • Andinobates claudiae (Jungfer, Lötters, and Jörgens, 2000)
  • Andinobates daleswansoni (Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez, and Quevedo-Gil, 2006)
  • Andinobates dorisswansonae (Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez, and Quevedo-Gil, 2006)
  • Andinobates fulguritus (Silverstone, 1975)
  • Andinobates geminisae (Batista et al., 2014)
  • Andinobates minutus (Shreve, 1935)
  • Andinobates opisthomelas (Boulenger, 1899)
  • Andinobates tolimensis (Bernal-Bautista, Luna-Mora, Gallego, and Quevedo-Gil, 2007)
  • Andinobates viridis (Myers and Daly, 1976)
  • Andinobates virolinensis (Ruiz-Carranza and Ramírez-Pinilla, 1992)
    • 175pxDendrobates Wagler, 1830*Dendrobates auratus (Girard, 1855) – Green and black poison dart frog
  • Dendrobates leucomelas (Steindachner, 1864) – Yellow-banded poison dart frog
  • Dendrobates nubeculosus Jungfer and Böhme 2004 - Rockstone poison dart frog
  • Dendrobates tinctorius (Schneider, 1799) – Dyeing dart frog
  • Dendrobates truncatus (Cope, 1861) – Yellow-striped poison frog
    • 175pxExcidobates Twomey and Brown, 2008*Excidobates captivus (Myers, 1982) - Santiago poison frog, Peru and Ecuador
  • Excidobates condor Almendáriz, Ron, and Brito M., 2012 - Ecuador
  • Excidobates mysteriosus (Myers, 1982) - Marañón poison frog, Peru
    • Minyobates Myers, 1987*Minyobates steyermarki - demonic poison frog, demonic poison-arrow frog
    175pxOophaga Bauer, 1994* Oophaga arborea (Myers, Daly, and Martínez, 1984) — Polkadot poison frog
  • Oophaga granulifera (Taylor, 1958) — Granular poison frog
  • Oophaga histrionica (Berthold, 1845) — Harlequin poison frog
  • Oophaga lehmanni (Myers and Daly, 1976) — Lehmann's poison frog
  • Oophaga occultator (Myers and Daly, 1976) — La Brea poison frog
  • Oophaga pumilio (Schmidt, 1857) — Strawberry poison-dart frog
  • Oophaga speciosa (Schmidt, 1857) — Splendid poison frog
  • Oophaga sylvatica (Funkhouser, 1956) — Diablito poison frog
  • Oophaga vicentei (Jungfer, Weygoldt, and Juraske, 1996) — Vicente's poison frog
    • 175pxPhyllobates Duméril and Bibron, 1841P. lugubris species group
  • Phyllobates lugubris (Schmidt, 1857)
  • Phyllobates vittatus (Cope, 1893)

    • P. bicolor species group

    175pxRanitomeya Bauer, 1986* Ranitomeya aetherea Koch, Mônico, Dayrell, Ferreira, Dantas, Moravec, and Lima, 2025
  • Ranitomeya amazonica (Schulte, 1999)
  • Ranitomeya aquamarina Mônico, Koch, Dayrell, Moravec and Lima, 2025
  • Ranitomeya benedicta Brown, Twomey, Pepper, and Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008
  • Ranitomeya cyanovittata Pérez-Peña, Chávez, Twomey, and Brown, 2010
  • Ranitomeya defleri Twomey and Brown, 2009
  • Ranitomeya fantastica (Boulenger, 1884)
  • Ranitomeya flavovittata (Schulte, 1999)
  • Ranitomeya imitator (Schulte, 1986)
  • Ranitomeya reticulata (Boulenger, 1884)
  • Ranitomeya sirensis (Aichinger, 1991)
  • Ranitomeya summersi Brown, Twomey, Pepper, and Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008
  • Ranitomeya toraro Brown, Caldwell, Twomey, Melo-Sampaio, and Souza, 2011
  • Ranitomeya uakarii (Brown, Schulte, and Summers, 2006)
  • Ranitomeya vanzolinii (Myers, 1982)
  • Ranitomeya variabilis (Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988)
  • Ranitomeya ventrimaculata (Shreve, 1935)
  • Ranitomeya yavaricola Pérez-Peña, Chávez, Twomey, and Brown, 2010

    • The most specious genera are Ranitomeya (18 species) and Andinobates (16 species). Dendrobates used to be much larger but currently contains only five species, having had most of its species split off into genera erected later.{{cite journal |author1=Grant, T. |author2=Frost, D. R. |author3=Caldwell, J. P. |author4=Gagliardo, R. |author5=Haddad, C. F. B. |author6=Kok, P. J. R. |author7=Means, D. B. |author8=Noonan, B. P. |author9=Schargel, W. E. |author10=Wheeler, W. C. |name-list-style=amp|year=2006 |title=Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae) |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=299 |pages=1–262 |doi=10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5803/1/B299.pdf}}

    References

    {{Reflist|2}}

    {{Taxonbar|from=Q1937619}}

    Category:Poison dart frogs

    Category:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope