Desh (raga)

{{Short description|Hindustani raga}}

{{for|2017 Indian film|Raag Desh (film)}}

{{Infobox raga

| name = Desh

| image_name =

| image_alt =

|thaat = Khamaj

| type = Audava-sampurna

| time = Late night, 12–3

| season =

| arohana = Ni Sa Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa

| avarohana = Sa ni Dha, Pa Dha Ma Ga Re, Pa Ma Ga, Re Ga Ni Sa

| vadi = Re

| samavadi = Pa

| pakad = Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa Re ni Dha Pa, ma Ga Re

| chalan =

| synonym = Khamaj

| equivalent =

| similar = {{ubl|Sarang|Sorath}}

}}

{{Hindustani Classical Music}}

Desh or Des is a Hindustani classical music raga{{cite book|last1=Nagarkar|first1=Samarth|title=Raga Sangeet: Understanding Hindustani Classical Vocal Music|date=27 August 2015|isbn=978-1619273672}}{{cite journal|last1=Katte|first1=Trupti|title=Multiple Techniques for Raga Identification in Indian|journal=International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering|date=10 June 2013|volume=4|issue=6|url=http://www.ijecce.org/Download/conference/NCRTCST-2/19NCRTCST-13032.pdf|access-date=17 July 2017}} which belongs to the Khamaj thaat.{{Cite book|title = Raganidhi: A Comparative Study Of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Two (D to J)|last = Rao|first = B.Subba|publisher = The Music Academy|year = 1996|location = Madras|pages = 6–7}} This raga is very similar to raga Khamaj.

Technical description

The raga is of audava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent) only five notes are used, whereas the avarohana (descent) uses all the seven notes.

Shuddha Ni is used in the arohana, while Komal Ni (represented as ni below) is used in avarohana. All other swaras are shuddha.

  • Arohana: Ni Sa Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa.
  • Avarohana: Sa ni Dha, Pa Dha Ma Ga Re, Pa Ma Ga, Re Ga Ni Sa.
  • Pakad: Re, Ma Pa Ni, Sa Re ni Dha Pa, ma Ga Re
  • The vadi swara is Re

The ascent in this raga is a step by step pentatonic movement which goes like this: Sa, Re, Ma Pa, Ni Sa’.{{cite journal|last1=Mathur|first1=Avantika|last2=Vijayakumar|first2=Suhas|last3=Chakravarti|first3=Bhismadev|last4=Singh|first4=Nandini|title=Emotional responses to Hindustani raga music: the role of musical structure|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=6|pages=513|date=30 April 2015|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00513|pmid=25983702|pmc=4415143|doi-access=free}}

Samayam (Time): The raga is to be sung during the second quarter of the night (9PM to 12AM).

Re is very prominent, quite a few times the singer rests on Re, making it a centre to the melody. The Meend from Ma to Re via Ga is one of the most vital features of the raga. The arohana via shuddha Ni, and the transition from Re to komal Ni in the avarohana form an important part of the melodies in this raga. Further, Desh is quite close to neighboring ragas like Tilak Kamod, and hence requires skillful rendition to separate itself.

Prominent Songs

Desh has been used in a few patriotic compositions. Vande Mataram, the national song of India, is the most well-known. The popular old Doordarshan video Baje Sargam, that featured many respected Indian classical singers, is also based on Desh.

= Rabindrasangeet based on the raga Desh =

The polymath and Nobel laureate, Rabindranath Tagore, had very often used Hindustani Classical Music and Carnatic Classical Music in his songs (Rabindrasangeet). The songs based on this raga Des are listed below:

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

  • Aachhe Tomar Bidye Sadhhi
  • Aaj Taaler Boner Karotaali
  • Aaji Mor Dware Kahar
  • Aamader Sokhire Ke Niye
  • Aamar E Ghore Aaponar
  • Aamar Je Sob Dite Hobe
  • Aamar Satya Mithya Sakoli
  • Aami Jene Shune Bish
  • Aar Rekho Na Aandhare
  • Anek Diner Aamar Je Gaan
  • Anek Kotha Bolechilem
  • Animesh Aankhi Sei Ke De
  • Dekhaye De Kotha Aachhe
  • Dhoroni Dure Cheye Keno
  • Dnaarao Maatha Khaao
  • Duare Dao More Rakhia
  • E Bharote Raakho Nityo
  • Ebaar Bujhi Bholar Bela
  • Ebaar To Jouboner Kachhe
  • Ebaar Ujaar Kore Lowo He
  • Ei Lobhinu Songo Tabo
  • Ei Shrabon Bela Badol Jhora
  • Emon Dine Taare Bola Jaay
  • Eso Aamar Ghore
  • Eso Shyamalosundaro
  • Gagoner Thale Robi Chandra
  • Gahonraate Shrabondhara
  • Garob Mamo Horechho Prob
  • Haay Ke Dibe Aar Santona
  • Hey Bidesi Eso Eso
  • Jaag Jaag Re Jaag Sangeet
  • Je Din Sakol Mukul
  • Jeyo Na Jeyo Na Phire
  • Jhore Jaay Ure Jaay Go
  • Jodi Holo Jaabar Kshon
  • Keno Raaja Daakis Keno
  • Knaadale Tumi More
  • Knaapiche Deholota
  • Kotha Hote Baaje Prembedona
  • Kothaay Aalo Kothaay Ore
  • Kshomite Parilam Na Je
  • Naa Naa Kaaj Nai Jeyo Naa
  • Ogo Sundar Ekada Ki Jaani
  • Probhu Khelechhi Aanek
  • Puruser Bidya Korechinu
  • Se Aase Dhire
  • Shrabano Borisano Paar
  • Shrabonmegher Aadhek
  • Sokhi Lo Sokhi Lo
  • Taai Tomar Ananda Aamar
  • Taare Dekhate Paari Ne
  • Tomari Tore Maa Sopinu
  • Toper Taper Baadhon Katu
  • Tumi Chhere Chhile Bhule
  • Utol Dhara Badol Jhore

{{div col end}}

Carnatic Compositions

Film Songs

=Language: [[Tamil language|Tamil]]=

class="wikitable sortable"

!Song

!Movie

!Composer

!Singer

Premayil yavum Marandenae

|Sakuntalai

|Thuraiyur Rajagopala Sharma

|M. S. Subbulakshmi, G. N. Balasubramaniam

Mangiyathor Nilavinile

|Thirumanam

|S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, T. G. Lingappa

|T.M.Soundararajan

Sindhu Nadhiyin

|Kai Koduttha Dheivam

|Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy

|T.M.Soundararajan, L.R.Eswari & J.V.Raghavulu

Thunbam Nergaiyil Yaazhedutthu

|Or Iravu

|Bharathidasan, Dandapani Desikar, R. Sudarsanam

|M. S. Rajeswari,V. J. Varma

Gopiyar Konjum Ramana

|Thirumal Perumai

|rowspan=3|K. V. Mahadevan

|T. M. Soundararajan

Naan Unnai Ninaikkaatha

|Paavai Vilakku

|P. Susheela

Ondra Iranda

|Selvam

|rowspan=2|T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela

Androru Naal

|Nadodi

|rowspan="2"|M. S. Viswanathan

Idhuthan Mudhal Rathiri

|Oorukku Uzhaippavan

|K.J. Yesudas, Vani Jairam

Muththamizhil Paada

|Melnaattu Marumagal

|Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan

|Vani Jairam

Vizhiyil Pudhu Kavithai

|Theertha Karaiyinile

|rowspan="7"|Ilaiyaraaja

|rowspan=2|Mano, K. S. Chithra

Nee Oru Kadhal Sangeetham(Raga Shudha sarang touches)

|Nayakan

Onakena Thaane Innerama

|Ponnu Oorukku Pudhusu

|Ilaiyaraaja,Sarala

Poonguyil Ponmalaiyil

|Thazhuvatha Kaigal

|S. Janaki

Kanner Thuzhi

|Raja Kaiya Vacha

|K. J. Yesudas

Deivangal

|Pudhiya Raagam

|Mano, S. Janaki

Orancharam(charanam only)

|Kakkai Siraginilae

|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

Kanave Kalaiyadhe

|Kannedhirey Thondrinal

|rowspan="3"|Deva

|P. Unnikrishnan, K. S. Chithra

Indhu Maha Samudrame

(Ragamalika:Desh, Sahana)

|Mannava

|Hariharan, K. S. Chithra

Nilladi Endradhu

|Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen

|rowspan="2"|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra

Itho Intha Nenjodu

|Good Luck

|Manoj Bhatnaghar

Malare Maranthuvidu

|Penngal

|Bharadwaj

|K. S. Chithra

Adi Kadhal Oru Kannil

|Doubles

|Srikanth Deva

|P. Unnikrishnan, Harini

Kadhal Vandicho

|Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!

|Raaghav-Raja

|Shankar Mahadevan

Kandupidi Kandupidi

|Samudhiram

|Sabesh–Murali

|Hariharan, Ganga

Noothana

|Karka Kasadara

|Prayog

|Harish Raghavendra, Chinmayi

Ulagil Yentha Kathal

|Naadodigal

|Sundar C Babu

|Hariharan

Kalathara

|Vegam

|Rajhesh Vaidhya

|P. Unnikrishnan,Anuradha Sekhar

Maruvaarthai

|Enai Noki Paayum Thota

|Darbuka Siva

|Sid Sriram

Varalaama

|Sarvam Thaala Mayam

|Rajiv Menon(Orchestration by A. R. Rahman)

|Sriram Parthasarathy

Mannamaganin Sathiyam(Dwijavanthi traces)

|Kochadaiiyaan

|rowspan="3"|A. R. Rahman

|Haricharan, Latha Rajinikanth

Singappenney(Female portion only)

|Bigil

|A. R. Rahman, Shashaa Tirupati

Alli Arjuna(Ragamalika)

|Kaaviya Thalaivan

|Haricharan, Bela Shende, Srimathumitha

Yethanai Yethanai

|Ji

|Vidyasagar

|Shankar Sampoke

Naana Yaar Idhu

|Ninaithu Ninaithu Parthen

|Joshua Sridhar

|Sadhana Sargam

Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae

|Vishwaroopam II

|Ghibran

|Kamal Haasan, Kaushiki Chakraborty,Master Karthik Suresh Iyer

Pen Maegam Polavae(charanam only)

|Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam

|Sharreth

|G. V. Prakash Kumar, Saindhavi

Neelorpam

|Indian 2

|Anirudh Ravichander

|Abby V,Shruthika Samudhrala

=Other languages=

class="wikitable sortable"

!Year

!Song

!Movie

!Language of Movie

!Composer

!Singer

1979

|Sanware Ke Rang Ranchhi

|Meera

|Hindi

|Ravi Shankar

|Vani Jairam

2003

|Enthe Innum Vanneela

|Gramophone

|Malayalam

|Vidyasagar

|P. Jayachandran , Jeemon KJ, Chorus

2001

|Megharagam

|Kakkakkuyil

|Malayalam

|Deepan Chatterjee

|K.S. Chithra

1998

|Mayilay Parannu Va

|Mayilpeelikkavu

|Malayalam

|Berny–Ignatius

|K.J. Yesudas & K.S. Chitra (Duet Version)

1965

|Aap Ko Pyar Chhupane

|Neela Aakash

|Hindi

|Madan Mohan

|Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi

1994

|Mora Saiyan To Hai Pardes

|Bandit Queen

|Hindi

|Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

|Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

1964

|Gori Tore Nainwa

|Main Suhagan Hoon

|Hindi

|Lacchiram Tamar

|Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi

1956

|Thandi Thandi Savan Ki Phuhar

|Jagte Raho

|Hindi

|Salil Chowdhury

|Asha Bhosle

1967

|Oru Pushpam Mathramen

|Pareeksha

|Malayalam

|M.S. Baburaj

|K.J. Yesudas

2002

|Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna Ab Hamare

|The Legend of Bhagat Singh

|Hindi

|A. R. Rahman

|Sonu Nigam

2015

|Agar Tum Saath Ho

|Tamasha

|Hindi

|A.R. Rahman

|Alka Yagnik, Arijit Singh

1952

|Door Koi Gaaye

|Baiju Bawra

|Hindi

|Naushad

|Shamshad Begum, Mohammed Rafi, & Lata Mangeshkar

1963

|Hum Tere Pyar Mein Sara

|Dil Ek Mandir

|Hindi

|Shankar–Jaikishan

|Lata Mangeshkar

1994

|Pyar Hua Chupke Se

|1942: A Love Story

|Hindi

|R. D. Burman

|Kavita Krishnamurthy

2015

|Man Mandira

|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali

|Marathi

|Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki

|Shankar Mahadevan

References

{{reflist}}