Dhangu-Djangu language

{{short description|Australian Aboriginal language}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Dhangu

|altname=Djangu

|states=Australia

|region=Northern Territory

|ethnicity=Dhaŋu, Djaŋu

|speakers=310

|date=2016 census

|ref={{Cite web|url=http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA|title=Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)|website=stat.data.abs.gov.au|language=en-au|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2017-10-29|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226044803/http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA|url-status=dead}}

|familycolor=Australian

|fam1=Pama–Nyungan

|fam2=Yolngu Matha

|fam3=Northern (Dhangu)

|dia1=Wan.gurri

|dia2=Lamamirri

|dia3=Rirratjingu

|dia4=Gaalpu

|dia5=Ngayimil

|dia6=Warramiri

|dia7=Mandatja

|sign=Yolŋu Sign Language

|iso3=dhg

|glotto=dhan1270

|glottorefname=Dhangu

|aiatsis=N192

|aiatsisname=Dhangu

|aiatsis2= N202

|aiatsisname2=Djangu

}}

Dhangu (Dhaŋu, Dangu) and Djangu (Djaŋu) constitute an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yolŋu group, spoken by the Dhaŋu and Djaŋu people in Australia's Northern Territory. The varieties of the two moieties of Dhangu are (a) Wan.gurri, Lamamirri and (b) Rirratjingu, Gaalpu, Ngayimil. There are two other Djangu (Djaŋu) dialects, Warramiri and Mandatja; dhangu and djangu are the words for "this" in the various dialects. Nhangu is a closely related language.{{cite book |last=Dixon |first=R. M. W. |author-link=R. M. W. Dixon |title=Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |url=http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521473780|page=xxxvi}}

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |

! colspan="2" |Peripheral

! colspan="2" |Laminal

! colspan="2" |Apical

! rowspan="2" |Glottal

Labial

!Velar

!Dental

!Palatal

!Alveolar

!Retroflex

rowspan="2" |Plosive

!Fortis

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|k}}

|{{IPA link|t̪}}

|{{IPA link|c}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|{{IPA link|ʈ}}

| rowspan="2" |{{IPA link|ʔ}}

Lenis

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|g}}

|{{IPA link|d̪}}

|{{IPA link|ɟ}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|ɖ}}

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|{{IPA link|n̪}}

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|ɳ}}

|

colspan="2" |Rhotic

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɾ}}

|({{IPA link|ɽ}})

|

colspan="2" |Lateral

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|{{IPA link|ɭ}}

|

colspan="2" |Glide

| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|w}}

|

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɻ}}

|

  • /ɖ/ may also be heard as a tap [ɽ] in intervocalic positions.{{Cite book |last=MacLellan |first=Marilyn |title=A study of the Wangurri language |publisher=University of Sydney |year=1992}}
  • The tap /ɾ/ may also be heard as a trill [r].

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!

!Front

!Back

High

|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Low

| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

  • A long vowel /uː/ may also be heard as [oː].{{Cite book |last=McLellan |first=Marilyn |title=Djaŋu (Warramirri) Dictionary |publisher=Aboriginal Resource and Development Services Inc. |year=2014}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Other}}

Category:Yolŋu languages

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{{NorthernTerritory-stub}}