Dharmaditya Dharmacharya
{{Infobox writer
| name = Dharmaditya Dharmacharya
| image = Dharmaditya portrait.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| caption = Dharmacharya, {{circa|1930}}
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Jagat Man Vaidya
| birth_date = {{birth year|1902}}
| birth_place = Chikan Bahi, Lalitpur, Nepal
| death_date = {{death year and age|1963|1902}}
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Author, Buddhist scholar and language activist
| language = Nepal Bhasa
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement = Nepal Bhasa renaissance
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}
File:Buddha dharma magazine cover 1929.jpg
Dharmaditya Dharmacharya ({{langx|ne|धर्मादित्य धर्माचार्य}}) (born Jagat Man Vaidya) (1902–1963) was a Nepalese author, Buddhist scholar and language activist. He worked to develop Nepal Bhasa and revive Theravada Buddhism when Nepal was ruled by the Rana dynasty and both were dangerous activities, and was consequently jailed.Singh, Harischandra Lal (1996). Reflections on Buddhism of the Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu: Educational Enterprise. Pages 5–7.{{cite news|last=Dietrich|first=Angela|title=Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: A History of Persecution|url=http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BH/bh117536.htm|accessdate=25 March 2012|newspaper=Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal of Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods|date=1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001124156/http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BH/bh117536.htm|archive-date=1 October 2013|url-status=dead}}
Dharmacharya campaigned for Nepal Era as the national calendar. He also wrote and published the first magazine in Nepal Bhasa and was a major influence in the Nepal Bhasa renaissance.{{cite news|last=Murti|first=Ven. PaĪĪā|title=A Historical Study of Pariyatti Sikkhâ in Nepal|url=http://www.mcu.ac.th/userfiles/file/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C2538-2552%20%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3/254845.pdf|accessdate=30 June 2011|publisher=Bangkok, Thailand: Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University|date=2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927174245/http://www.mcu.ac.th/userfiles/file/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C2538-2552%20%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3/254845.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead}} Pages 15–16.Bajracharya, Phanindra Ratna (2003). Who's Who in Nepal Bhasha. Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. Page 36. Because of his service to the language, he has also been called the "fifth pillar" of Nepal Bhasa along with the Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa.
Early life
Dharmacharya was born at Chikan Bahi, Lalitpur District to father Vaidya Vrishman Vandya and mother Muni Thakun Vandya. He studied at Durbar High School in Kathmandu and did his matriculation from Kolkata and enrolled at the University of Calcutta for higher studies.
Buddhist activist
On his visits to Kathmandu during the holidays, he organized Buddhist programs and exhibitions of religious pictures he had collected in Kolkata. In 1924, he established the Buddha Dharma Support Association at the home of Dharma Man Tuladhar. He encouraged its members to read Buddhist books and translated articles in English and Pali into Nepal Bhasa.
Upon his return to Kolkata, he established the Nepalese Buddhist Association to help Nepalese traders who had fallen into difficulty, besides teaching them Buddhist principles. In 1928, he helped organize the All India Buddhist Conference.{{cite news|title=From Editorial Desk|url=http://www.niem.com.np/buddhisthim/backissues/vol9_no12/editorial10.htm|accessdate=7 February 2012|newspaper=Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal of Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods|date=1997}}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
In an effort to promote Buddhism among the Nepalese in Darjeeling, he brought out Himalaya Bauddha in the Nepali language and Buddhist India in English in 1927 which he and B. M. Barua (Benimadhab Barua) edited.Hridaya, Chittadhar (1982, third ed.) Jheegu Sahitya ("Our Literature"). Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Parisad. Page 172.Sen, Jahar and Indian Institute of Advanced Study (1992). India and Nepal: Some aspects of culture contact. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. {{ISBN|81-85182-69-8}}, {{ISBN|978-81-85182-69-8}}. Page 98.
Language activist
Dharmacharya was a cultural nationalist and dedicated himself to promoting Nepal Bhasa and obtaining international recognition for it.Lecomte-Tilouine, Marie and Dollfus, Pascale (2003) Ethnic Revival and Religious Turmoil: Identities and Representations in the Himalayas. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-565592-3}}, {{ISBN|978-0-19-565592-6}}. Page 100. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
In 1925, he published Buddha Dharma wa Nepal Bhasa (बुद्ध धर्म व नॆपाल भाषा "Buddhism and Nepalese") from Kolkata, India. It was the first ever magazine to be published in Nepal Bhasa.LeVine, Sarah and Gellner, David N. (2005) Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01908-9}}. Pages 27–28. Retrieved 2 February 2012. It contained articles on Buddhism and also provided writers in Nepal a place to publish their compositions which they couldn't do at home because of the government's dislike of the language.Lienhard, Siegfried (1992). Songs of Nepal: An Anthology of Nevar Folksongs and Hymns. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. {{ISBN|81-208-0963-7}}. Page 4.
In order to support the emerging Nepal Bhasa movement in Nepal and promote the language at home and abroad, he established the first Nepal Bhasa literary organization Nepal Bhasa Sahitya Mandal ("Nepal Bhasa Literature Organization") in Kolkata in 1926.{{cite news|last=Shrestha|first=Bal Gopal|title=The Newars: The Indigenous Population of the Kathmandu Valley in the Modern State of Nepal)|url=https://www.thlib.org/static/reprints/contributions/CNAS_26_01_04.pdf|accessdate=23 March 2012|newspaper=CNAS Journal|date=January 1999}} Page 89.
Dharmacharya returned to Kathmandu with a master's degree in Pali. He joined the Industry Council as an administrative officer and married Asta Maya and settled down into the life of a householder.
Imprisonment
In 1940, Dharmacharya was arrested in a crackdown against democracy activists, writers and social reformers. He was jailed for three months with other Nepal Bhasa writers. Following the incident, he remained inactive in social work for more than five years. He spent the later part of his life lecturing and writing.LeVine, Sarah and Gellner, David N. (2005) Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01908-9}}. Page 29. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
Legacy
In 1956, Dharmacharya was decorated with the title of Patron of the Language by Chwasa Pasa.Hridaya, Chittadhar (1982, third ed.) Jheegu Sahitya ("Our Literature"). Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Parisad. Page 192. A statue of Dharmacharya has been erected at Pulchok, Lalipur.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Buddhism topics}}{{Nepalese writers}}{{Modern Buddhist writers}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dharmacharya, Dharmaditya}}
Category:People from Lalitpur District, Nepal
Category:Nepalese male writers
Category:Theravada Buddhism writers
Category:Newar-language writers
Category:Nepalese scholars of Buddhism
Category:Newar studies scholars
Category:20th-century journalists