Diaper (cloth)
{{Short description|A damask cloth with small patterns}}
{{about|the woven cloth|the type of garment|Cloth diaper||Diaper (disambiguation)}}
Diaper is a damask cloth with small geometrical patterns such as bird's eye or diamond shapes. Terms such as “bird’s eye” or “pheasant’s eye” refer to the size of the diamond in the design.{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Diaper |volume= 08 | page= 166; see lines seven and eight from end |quote=...these terms indicate...the size of the complete diamond in the cloth—the smaller kind taking the name “bird’s-eye.”}} Diaper has been used as a tablecloth.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EBELAAAAIAAJ&q=The+finest+linen+Diapers&pg=PA516|title=Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue|date=1851|publisher=Spicer brothers|pages=516|language=en}}
Bird's eye pattern
Bird's eye pattern (nightingale's eye, bulbul chashm) is a geometrical pattern of a diamond shape similar to a bird's eye used in various types of cloth.{{Cite web|title=Definition of BIRD'S-EYE|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bird%27s-eye|access-date=2021-07-15|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}} Bulbul chashm ("chashm-e-bulbul") or nightingale's eye refers to a larger diamond shape with a dotted eye in the middle.{{Cite book|last=Kadolph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gIzOkQXARpsC&q=diagonal+diamond+woven+with+a+dotted-eye+in+the+center.&pg=PA462|title=Textiles|date=2009|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=978-81-317-2570-2|pages=462|language=en}}{{Cite book|last=Steele|first=Valerie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zqkYAAAAIAAJ&q=Nightingale+eye+pattern|title=Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion|date=2005|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|isbn=978-0-684-31395-5|pages=79|language=en}}{{Cite book|last1=Tortora|first1=Phyllis G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&q=boolbool+fabric&pg=PA68|title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles|last2=Johnson|first2=Ingrid|date=2013-09-17|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-60901-535-0|pages=68|language=en}}{{Cite book|last=MATHEWS|first=KOLANJIKOMBIL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkqoDwAAQBAJ&q=boolbool+fabric&pg=PA210|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Textile Terms: Four Volume Set|date=2017|publisher=Woodhead Publishing India PVT. Limited|isbn=978-93-85059-66-7|pages=210|language=en}}{{Cite book|last1=Rai|first1=Dr Chhavi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zl8GEAAAQBAJ&q=boolbool+fabric&pg=PA64|title=Acceptability Of Silk Fabric Among Working Women Of Chandigarh City|last2=Hiran|first2=Dr Divya|last3=N.K.Dashora|first3=Dr|last4=Kothari|first4=Dr Hemant|publisher=RED'SHINE Publication. Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-93-89840-83-4|page=64|language=en}}{{Cite book|last=Bhandari|first=Vandana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KovFDAAAQBAJ&q=boolbool+fabric&pg=PT18|title=Jewelled Textiles: Gold and Silver Embellished Cloth of India|date=2015|publisher=Om Books International|isbn=978-93-83202-00-3|language=en}}{{Cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Martand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldLfAAAAMAAJ&q=Nightingale+eye+pattern|title=Saris of India: Bihar & West Bengal|last2=Mehra|first2=Priya Ravish|last3=Kumar|first3=Tushar|last4=Bannerji|first4=Nivedita|date=1995|publisher=Wiley Eastern|isbn=978-81-224-0830-0|page=269|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2017-03-25|title=Of lost weaves|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/603132/of-lost-weaves.html|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}
Etymology
The etymology of the term "diaper" traces back to the Latin word "diasper," which denotes rough and uneven texture. The word passed through the Low Latin term "diasperus," which referred to a particular type of cloth.{{Cite book|last=Britton|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO5PbV1ppbAC&q=derived+from+di+asp+er+,+an+angled+stone&pg=PA113|title=A Dictionary of the Architecture and Archaeology of the Middle Ages:: Including Words Used by Ancient and Modern Authors in Treating of Architectural and Other Antiquities: with Etymology, Definition, Description, and Historical Elucidation: Also, Biographical Notices of Ancient Architects|date=1838|publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Row; and the author, Burton Street.|page=113|language=en}} The weave is unusually absorbent, and is therefore used for baby diapers.
History
“Diaper” refers to any small geometrical or floral pattern that consists of the constant repetition of one or more simple figure or units of design evenly spaced. The term was initially associated with silk with diamond patterns later applied to linen and cotton fabrics of similar designs.{{Cite book|last=Montgomery|first=Florence M.|url=http://archive.org/details/textilesinameric00mont|title=Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth|date=1984|publisher=New York; London : Norton|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-393-01703-8|page=218}}{{Cite web|title=Definition of DIAPER|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diaper|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume VIII Slice IV - Diameter to Dinarchus.|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32607/32607-h/32607-h.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.gutenberg.org}}
Structure
Diaper is made of linen and sometimes cotton or a combination of both.{{Cite book|last=Denny|first=Grace G. (Grace Goldena)|url=http://archive.org/details/fabrics0000denn|title=Fabrics|date=1962|publisher=Philadelphia, Lippincott|others=Internet Archive|page=26}}
File:Britannica Diaper.jpg|A diaper weave, that is a weave creating a diamond pattern in the cloth. Such cloth is quite absorbent and was therefore used for babies' nappies, also called diapers
File:Woolen diamond twill.jpg|A similar weave, also called a diamond twill
More applications of bird's eye pattern in textiles
The design's versatility in terms of textile materials received praise, and several other applications associated with the bird's eye pattern are worth mentioning. These include:
= Weave =
== Khes weaving ==
Check patterns (
== Sari ==
A birds-eye pattern is used in saris, as well.{{Cite book|last=Lynton|first=Linda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqHpAAAAMAAJ&q=sari+weaving+with+bird's+eye+patterns|title=The Sari: Styles, Patterns, History, Techniques|date=1995|publisher=H.N. Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-4461-9|page=193|language=en}}
= Embroidery =
The pattern is also used In embroidery art such as phulkari.{{Cite book|last=Chopra|first=Ashok|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXJQDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Chashm-e-Bulbul%22.&pg=PT127|title=Memories of Fire|date=2018-01-15|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-002-3|language=en}}
See also
- Diapering is any of a wide range of decorative patterns used in a variety of works of art, such as stained glass, heraldic shields, architecture, and silverwork. Its chief use is in the enlivening of plain surfaces.