Didemnum
{{Short description|Genus of sea squirts}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Sea Squirts Didemnum molle.jpg
| image_caption = Didemnum molle
| taxon = Didemnum
| authority = Savigny, 1816
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
- Didemnium Savgny, 1816
- Didemnoides Drasche, 1883
- Diplosomoides Herdman, 1886
- Hypurgon Sollas, 1903
- Leptoclinum Milne Edwards, 1842
- Sarcodidemnoides Oka & Willey, 1892
- Tetradidemnum Della Valle, 1881
{{hidden end}}
}}
Didemnum is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family.{{Cite journal|author1=Moreno, T. |author2= Rocha, R.|date=June 2008|title=Phylogeny of the Aplousobranchia (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)|journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia
|volume=25|issue= 2|pages=269–298 |doi=10.1590/S0101-81752008000200016|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last=Kott|first=Patricia|date=15 Aug 2001|title=The AUSTRALIAN ASC1DIACEA PART 4, APLOUSOBRANCHIA (3), DIDEMNIDAE|journal=Memoirs of the Queensland Museum|volume=47}} Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. Some Didemnum species, including Didemnum vexillum and Didemnum perlucidem are considered invasive species.{{cite web |title=Marine Nuisance Species |publisher=Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Center |date=17 February 2016 |url=https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/stellwagen/didemnum/index.htm }} In early 2006, Didemnum vexillum was found covering a 230 km2 area of cobble habitat in Georges Bank off the coast of New England,{{Cite journal|last=Valentine|first=Page C.|last2=Carman|first2=Mary R.|last3=Blackwood|first3=Dann S.|last4=Heffron|first4=Erin J.|title=Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. in a New England tide pool habitat|journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology|volume=342|issue=1|pages=109–121|doi=10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.021|year=2007}} and is classified as an invasive species of greatest concern in coastal areas throughout Europe,{{Cite news|title=Project report: Assessment of the impacts of Didemnum vexillum and options for the management of the species in England|author1=Ian Laing|author2= James Bussell|author3= Kate Somerwill}} New Zealand, and North America. Didemnum sp. invasions have also been recorded in Canada, the Mediterranean, and the Netherlands."Invasion der Pfankuchen" Der Spiegel, 1/2006, p. 102
Species in this genus can be found in tropical or temperate regions. Some tropical species such as Didemnum molle have photosynthetic algae in their tunics.{{Cite book|title=Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach |last=Ruppert | first = Edward E. |author2=Richard S. Fox |author3=Robert D. Barnes |isbn=8131501043|edition=7th |location=Delhi, India|oclc=970002268|year = 2004}}
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Didemnum:{{Cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Didemnum Savigny, 1816 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103456 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=www.marinespecies.org}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
- Didemnum abradatum {{small|Kott, 2007}}
- Didemnum ahu {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum albidum {{small|(Verrill, 1871)}}
- Didemnum albopunctatum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum algasedens {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001}}
- Didemnum amethysteum {{small|(Van Name, 1902)}}
- Didemnum amourouxi {{small|Lafargue, 1976}}
- Didemnum apersum {{small|Tokioka, 1953}}
- Didemnum apuroto {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum arancium {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum aratore {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum asterix {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum astrum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum augusti {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}}
- Didemnum aurantiacum {{small|Herdman, 1886}}
- Didemnum aurantium {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}}
- Didemnum aures {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}}
- Didemnum bentarti {{small|Varela & Ramos-Esplá, 2008}}
- Didemnum beringense {{small|Romanov, 1977}}
- Didemnum biglans {{small|(Sluiter, 1906)}}
- Didemnum biglutinum {{small|Monniot F., 1995}}
- Didemnum bimasculum {{small|Monniot F., 1995}}
- Didemnum bisectatum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum brevioris {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}}
- Didemnum caesium {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum calliginosum {{small|Monniot F., 1984}}
- Didemnum candidum {{small|Savigny, 1816}}
- Didemnum captivum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}}
- Didemnum carnulentum {{small|Ritter & Forsyth, 1917}}
- Didemnum carpenteri {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum caudiculatum {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum cerebrale {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}}
- Didemnum chartaceum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum chilense {{small|Ärnbäck, 1929}}
- Didemnum cilicium {{small|Kott, 2005}}
- Didemnum cineraceum {{small|(Sluiter, 1898)}}
- Didemnum clavum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum coccineum {{small|(Drasche, 1883)}}
- Didemnum commune {{small|(Della Valle, 1877)}}
- Didemnum complexum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum conchyliatum {{small|(Sluiter, 1898)}}
- Didemnum congregatum {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum contortum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}}
- Didemnum coralliforme {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum coriaceum {{small|(Drasche, 1883)}}
- Didemnum corium {{small|Kott, 2005}}
- Didemnum crescente {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum cuculliferum {{small|(Sluiter, 1909)}}
- Didemnum cygnuus {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum dealbatum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum delectum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum densum {{small|(Nott, 1892)}}
- Didemnum dicolla {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}}
- Didemnum diffundum {{small|Monniot F., 1995}}
- Didemnum digestum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum diversum {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum dolium {{small|Kott, 2008}}
- Didemnum domesticum {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum drachi {{small|Lafargue, 1975}}
- Didemnum duplicatum {{small|Monniot F., 1983}}
- Didemnum ectensum {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum edmondsoni {{small|Eldredge, 1967}}
- Didemnum edwardsi {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum effusium {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum elikapekae {{small|Eldredge, 1967}}
- Didemnum elongatum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum epikelp {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}}
- Didemnum etiolum {{small|Kott, 1982}}
- Didemnum extensum {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum fibriae {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum filiforme {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum flagellatum {{small|Tokioka, 1953}}
- Didemnum flammacolor {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}}
- Didemnum flavoviride {{small|Monniot F., 1995}}
- Didemnum fragile {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum fragum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum fucatum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum fulgens {{small|(Milne Edwards, 1841)}}
- Didemnum fuscum {{small|(Oka, 1931)}}
- Didemnum galacteum {{small|Lotufo & Dias, 2007}}
- Didemnum gayanae {{small|Sanamyan, 1999}}
- Didemnum gemmiparum {{small|Romanov, 1976}}
- Didemnum gigas {{small|(Della Valle, 1881)}}
- Didemnum gintonicum {{small|Eldredge, 1967}}
- Didemnum globiferum {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}}
- Didemnum grande {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum granulatum {{small|Tokioka, 1954}}
- Didemnum granulosum {{small|(Drasche, 1883)}}
- Didemnum guttatum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}}
- Didemnum halimedae {{small|Monniot F., 1983}}
- Didemnum helgolandicum {{small|Michaelsen, 1921}}
- Didemnum herba {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum hiopaa {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum immundum {{small|Romanov, 1974}}
- Didemnum inaequilobatum {{small|Daumezon, 1908}}
- Didemnum inauratum {{small|Monniot F., 1983}}
- Didemnum incanum {{small|(Herdman, 1899)}}
- Didemnum inveteratum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum japonicum {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum jedanense {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum jeffreysi {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum jucundum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum karlae {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}}
- Didemnum kelleri {{small|Michaelsen, 1923}}
- Didemnum kurilense {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum lacertosum {{small|Monniot F., 1995}}
- Didemnum lacustre {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}}
- Didemnum lahillei {{small|Hartmeyer, 1909}}
- Didemnum lambertae {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}}
- Didemnum lambitum {{small|(Sluiter, 1900)}}
- Didemnum leopardi {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}}
- Didemnum leopardum {{small|Kott, 2005}}
- Didemnum levitas {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum ligulum {{small|Monniot F., 1983}}
- Didemnum lillipution {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum linatum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum linguiferum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}}
- Didemnum lissoclinum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum lithostrotum {{small|Brewin, 1956}}
- Didemnum longigaster {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}}
- Didemnum lutarium {{small|Van Name, 1910}}
- Didemnum macrosiphonium {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum macrospiculatum {{small|Tokioka, 1967}}
- Didemnum maculatum {{small|(Nott, 1892)}}
- Didemnum maculosum {{small|(Milne Edwards, 1841)}}
- Didemnum madagascariense {{small|Brunetti, 2007}}
- Didemnum madeleinae {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001}}
- Didemnum magnetae {{small|Hastings, 1931}}
- Didemnum mantile {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum megaductus {{small|Romanov, 1974}}
- Didemnum megasterix {{small|Monniot F., 1995}}
- Didemnum mekeald {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}}
- Didemnum membranaceum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum mesembrinum {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}}
- Didemnum microthoracicum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum millari {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}}
- Didemnum minisculum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum minispirale {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum misakiense {{small|(Oka & Willey, 1892)}}
- Didemnum molle {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum monile {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum montosum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum moseleyi {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum multiampullae {{small|Kott, 2008}}
- Didemnum multispirale {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum mutabile {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum nambucciensis {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum neglectum {{small|Herdman, 1886}}
- Didemnum nekozita {{small|Tokioka, 1967}}
- Didemnum nigricans {{small|Monniot F., 1995}}
- Didemnum nigrum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}}
- Didemnum nivale {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}}
- Didemnum nocturnum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}}
- Didemnum oblitum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum obscurum {{small|Monniot F., 1969}}
- Didemnum ossium {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum paa {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum pacificum {{small|Tokioka, 1953}}
- Didemnum papillatum {{small|Romanov, 1974}}
- Didemnum parancium {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum parau {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum pardum {{small|Tokioka, 1962}}
- Didemnum partitum {{small|Tokioka, 1953}}
- Didemnum parvum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2003}}
- Didemnum patulum {{small|(Herdman, 1899)}}
- Didemnum pecten {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum pellucidum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum perlucidum {{small|Monniot F., 1983}}
- Didemnum perplexum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum perspicuum {{small|Giard, 1873}}
- Didemnum peyrefittense {{small|Brément, 1913}}
- Didemnum pica {{small|Brunetti, 2007}}
- Didemnum pitipiri {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum plebeium {{small|Kott, 2005}}
- Didemnum poecilomorpha {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}}
- Didemnum polare {{small|Hartmeyer, 1903}}
- Didemnum precocinum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum protectum {{small|(Daumézon, 1908)}}
- Didemnum psammatodes {{small|(Sluiter, 1895)}}
- Didemnum pseudobiglans {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum pseudofulgens {{small|Médioni, 1970}}
- Didemnum pseudovexillum {{small|Turon & Viard, 2020}}
- Didemnum quincunciale {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}}
- Didemnum recurvatum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum risirense {{small|Nishikawa, 1990}}
- Didemnum roberti {{small|Michaelsen, 1930}}
- Didemnum rochai {{small|Paiva et al., 2015}}
- Didemnum rodriguesi {{small|Rocha & Monniot F., 1993}}
- Didemnum romssae {{small|Marks, 1996}}
- Didemnum roseum {{small|Sars, 1851}}
- Didemnum rota {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum rottnesti {{small|Kott, 1962}}
- Didemnum rubeum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}}
- Didemnum sachalinense {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum sanakiensis {{small|Sanamyan, 1999}}
- Didemnum santaelenae {{small|Van Name, 1945}}
- Didemnum scopi {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum semifuscum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum siphonale {{small|Tokioka, 1967}}
- Didemnum sordidum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum spadix {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum speciosum {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum sphaericum {{small|Tokioka, 1967}}
- Didemnum spongioides {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum spumante {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum spumosum {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum stercoratum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}}
- Didemnum stilense {{small|Michaelsen, 1934}}
- Didemnum stragulum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum studeri {{small|Hartmeyer, 1911}}
- Didemnum subflavum {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum subtile {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}}
- Didemnum sucosum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum tabulatum {{small|Sluiter, 1909}}
- Didemnum tantulum {{small|Kott, 2007}}
- Didemnum tapetum {{small|Kott, 2008}}
- Didemnum tenue {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum ternerratum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum tetrahedrum {{small|Dias & Rodrigues, 2004}}
- Didemnum theca {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum thomsoni {{small|Herdman, 1886}}
- Didemnum tigrinoides {{small|Tokioka, 1953}}
- Didemnum toafene {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum tonga {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}}
- Didemnum torresii {{small|(Sluiter, 1895)}}
- Didemnum tortile {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}}
- Didemnum translucidum {{small|Tokioka, 1953}}
- Didemnum transparentum {{small|Romanov, 1977}}
- Didemnum trispirale {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum tuberatum {{small|(Nott, 1892)}}
- Didemnum tumulatum {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum usitatum {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum uturoa {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum vahatuio {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}}
- Didemnum valgum {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}}
- Didemnum vanderhorsti {{small|Van Name, 1924}}
- Didemnum velans {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}}
- Didemnum velum {{small|Kott, 2008}}
- Didemnum verdantum {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum vermiforme {{small|Romanov, 1989}}
- Didemnum vesica {{small|Kott, 2007}}
- Didemnum vesperi {{small|Kott, 2004}}
- Didemnum vexillum {{small|Kott, 2002}}
- Didemnum via {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum viride {{small|(Herdman, 1906)}}
- Didemnum vulgare {{small|Kott, 2001}}
- Didemnum yolky {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1997}}
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References
{{Reflist}}
- (USGS) National Geologic Studies of Benthic Habitats, Northeastern United States has a Marine Nuisance Species page dedicated to this genus
{{Tunicata|E.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q153605}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Taxa named by Marie Jules César Savigny
Category:Long stubs with short prose
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