Diisononyl phthalate
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443689246
| Reference =[http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0831.htm Diisononyl phthalate] at Inchem.org
| ImageFile = Diisononyl phthalate Formula V.1.svg
| ImageFile1 = DINP 3D.png
| PIN = 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10 branched alkyl esters, C9 rich
| OtherNames = 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diisononyl ester
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations = DINP
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 513622
| InChI = 1/C26H42O4/c1-21(2)15-9-5-7-13-19-29-25(27)23-17-11-12-18-24(23)26(28)30-20-14-8-6-10-16-22(3)4/h11-12,17-18,21-22H,5-10,13-16,19-20H2,1-4H3
| InChIKey = HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYAX
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C26H42O4/c1-21(2)15-9-5-7-13-19-29-25(27)23-17-11-12-18-24(23)26(28)30-20-14-8-6-10-16-22(3)4/h11-12,17-18,21-22H,5-10,13-16,19-20H2,1-4H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 28553-12-0
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2 = 68515-48-0
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 4010KIX4CK
| PubChem = 590836
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 35459
| SMILES = O=C(OCCCCCCC(C)C)c1ccccc1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=26
| H=42
| O=4
| Appearance = Oily viscous liquid
| Density = 0.98 g/cm3
| MeltingPtC = -43
| Viscosity = 64 to 265 mPa·s
| BoilingPtC = 244 to 252
| BoilingPt_notes = at 0.7 kPa
| Solubility = <0.01 g/mL at 20 °C}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPtC = 221
| FlashPt_notes = (c.c.)
| AutoignitionPtC = 380}}}}
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalate used as a plasticizer. DINP is typically a mixture of chemical compounds consisting of various isononyl esters of phthalic acid, and is commonly used in a large variety of plastic products.
Health Issues
The European Union has set a maximum specific migration limit (SML) from food contact materials of 9 mg/kg food for the sum of diisononyl phthalates and diisodecyl phthalates.{{cite web|title=EU legislative list for food contact materials|url=http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/foodcontact/legisl_list_en.htm}}
DINP is listed as a substance "known to the State of California to cause cancer" under Proposition 65 legislation.{{cite web|title=State of California, Chemicals known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity, January 3, 2014 |url=http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/files/P65single01032014.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110153001/http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/files/P65single01032014.pdf |archivedate=2014-01-10 }}
Studies find that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of DINP in zebrafish disrupt the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and affect reproduction in a gender specific manner,{{Cite journal|date=2018-10-01|title=Disruption of the gonadal endocannabinoid system in zebrafish exposed to diisononyl phthalate|journal=Environmental Pollution|language=en|volume=241|pages=1–8|doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.007|pmid=29793103|issn=0269-7491|last1=Forner-Piquer|first1=Isabel|last2=Santangeli|first2=Stefania|last3=Maradonna|first3=Francesca|last4=Rabbito|first4=Alessandro|last5=Piscitelli|first5=Fabiana|last6=Habibi|first6=Hamid R.|last7=Di Marzo|first7=Vincenzo|last8=Carnevali|first8=Oliana|s2cid=44120848}} and have other adverse effects on aquatic organisms, as DINP upregulates orexigenic signals and causes hepatosteatosis together with deregulation of the peripheral ECS and lipid metabolism.{{Cite journal|last1=Forner-Piquer|first1=Isabel|last2=Maradonna|first2=Francesca|last3=Gioacchini|first3=Giorgia|last4=Santangeli|first4=Stefania|last5=Allarà|first5=Marco|last6=Piscitelli|first6=Fabiana|last7=Habibi|first7=Hamid R|last8=Di Marzo|first8=Vincenzo|last9=Carnevali|first9=Oliana|date=2017-08-14|title=Dose-Specific Effects of Di-Isononyl Phthalate on the Endocannabinoid System and on Liver of Female Zebrafish|journal=Endocrinology|language=en|volume=158|issue=10|pages=3462–3476|doi=10.1210/en.2017-00458|pmid=28938452|issn=0013-7227|doi-access=free}}
The ECHA's Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) has concluded, on March 7, 2018, that Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) does not warrant classification for reprotoxic effects under the EU's Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulations.{{cite web |title=Evaluation of new scientific evidence concerning DINP and DIDP |url=https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/31b4067e-de40-4044-93e8-9c9ff1960715 |website=European Chemicals Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901073958/https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/31b4067e-de40-4044-93e8-9c9ff1960715 |archive-date=2022-09-01 |url-status=live |access-date=2020-01-26 }}