Diogo Freitas do Amaral

He was born in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, the third but first surviving son of Duarte de Freitas do Amaral and wife Maria Filomena de Campos Trocado, and the older brother of João de Freitas do Amaral.

He was a Licentiate and a Doctorate in Law specialised in Administrative Law and Political Science from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, and a Cathedratic Professor in the Faculty of Law at the New University of Lisbon and also a publicist.

He served as a professor in the Faculty of Law of the Lusófona University of Lisbon, where he taught and governed as the chair of the Economics of Public Law in Law degree, developing other teaching activities in the same college.

In 1974, some months after the Carnation Revolution, he was one of the Founders and President of then Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), a Christian democratic party. He led this party till 1985, and again from 1988 to 1991. He served as a Deputy to the Assembly of the Republic (the Portuguese parliament) from 1975 to 1982 or 1983, and again in 1992 and 1993.

He was also a Member of the Portuguese Council of State (1974–1982).

In the parliamentary elections of 1979 and 1980, the Democratic Alliance (of which the CDS was a part) won a majority and formed the government, in which Freitas served as Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1980 and Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and Minister of Defence between 1981 and 1983. After the death of Francisco Sá Carneiro, Freitas do Amaral was interim Prime Minister for a short period between 1980 and 1981. Between 1981 and 1982 he was also the President of the European People's Party.

He was a candidate in 1985 for the presidency in the 1986 presidential election. Supported by his own People's Party and by the Social Democratic Party, he established a commanding lead in the first round, but lost the second round by some 150,000 votes to Mário Soares, who was endorsed by the two eliminated candidates.

He was President of the United Nations General Assembly (1995–1996).

A European federalist, he left the party he founded, disagreeing mainly with the Eurosceptic line followed by Manuel Monteiro and Paulo Portas.

Always seen as a right-winger, Freitas do Amaral supported the Social Democratic Party in the parliamentary election of 2002. However, disappointed with the government performance, and critical of its support for the U.S. invasion of Iraq, Freitas do Amaral surprised many observers by announcing his support for the Socialist Party in the 2005 election. He was subsequently nominated for Minister of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the XVII Constitutional Government, led by the Socialist leader José Sócrates. He resigned after a little over one year in office, citing health reasons and, as revealed to a newspaper, tiredness resulting from the many diplomatic trips taken.

He was also a Juridical Consultant of many companies.

He authored a biography of King Afonso I and a play about Viriatus.

He also published a study of the actuality and reform of the prison system in Portugal.

• 55px Grand Cross of the Order of Christ (3 August 1983)
• 55px Grand Cross of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword (9 June 2003)
• 55px Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (9 June 1984)

• {{flag|Estonia}}: First Class of the Order of the White Star (29 March 2006)
• {{flag|France}}: Commander of National Order of Merit (27 January 2006)
• {{flag|Germany}}: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (22 December 1980)
• {{flag|Italy}}: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (3 November 1980){{cite web|title=Cidadãos Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens |url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=153|website=Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas|access-date=28 January 2017}}
• {{flag|Norway}}: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (3 November 1980)

He married in Sintra, Santa Maria, on 31 July 1965 Maria José Salgado Sarmento de Matos, born in Lisbon on 13 October 1943, writer under the pseudonym Maria Roma, daughter of José Sarmento Osório de Vasconcelos de Matos (Moimenta da Beira, 28 July 1909 – Sintra, 17 July 1992). They had four children.

In September 2019, Freitas do Amaral was hospitalized in critical condition at a Cascais hospital.{{cite web|url=https://www.publico.pt/2019/09/17/politica/noticia/freitas-amaral-internado-hospital-cuf-cascais-1886898|title=Freitas do Amaral internado nos cuidados intermédios|publisher=Publico.pt|access-date=3 October 2019|date=17 September 2019}} On 3 October 2019, it was announced that Freitas do Amaral had died.{{cite news|url = https://apnews.com/17c2f49e7abb469a9ce50c492ece37dd|title = Freitas do Amaral, a 'father' of Portuguese democracy, dies|last = Hatton|first = Barry|work = Associated Press|date = 3 October 2019|access-date = 3 October 2019}}

{{Main|1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election}}

{{election table|title=Ballot: 25 April 1975}}

|-

! colspan="2" | Party

! Candidate

! Votes

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"|

| align="left"|PS

| align=left |Mário Soares || 2,162,972 || 37.9 || 116

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"|

| align="left"|PPD

| align=left |Francisco Sá Carneiro || 1,507,282 || 26.4 || 81

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Unitary Democratic Coalition}};"|

| align="left"| PCP

| align=left |Álvaro Cunhal || 711,935 || 12.5 || 30

|-

| style="background:{{party color|CDS – People's Party}};"|

| align="left"| CDS

| align=left |Diogo Freitas do Amaral || 434,879 || 7.6 || 16

|-

| style="background:darkred;"|

| align="left"| MDP/CDE

| align=left |Francisco Pereira de Moura || 236,318 || 4.1 || 5

|-

| style="background:red;"|

| align="left"| FSP

| align=left |Manuel Serra || 66,307 || 1.2 || 0

|-

| style="background:red;"|

| align="left"| MES

| align=left |Afonso de Barros || 58,248 || 1.0 || 0

|-

| style="background:white;"|

| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties

| 137,213 || 2.4 || 2

|-

| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots

| 396,675 || 7.0 || –

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"

| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout

| 5,711,829 || 91.66 || 250

|-

| colspan="6" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições{{cite web |url=https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/resultados_ac_1975.pdf |title=Resultados AC 1975 |work=Comissão Nacional de Eleições |access-date=6 August 2024}}

|}

{{Main|1976 Portuguese legislative election}}

{{election table|title=Ballot: 25 April 1976}}

|-

! colspan="2" | Party

! Candidate

! Votes

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"|

| align="left"|PS

| align=left |Mário Soares || 1,912,921 || 34.9 || 107 || style="color:red;"| –9

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"|

| align="left"|PPD

| align=left |Francisco Sá Carneiro || 1,335,381 || 24.4 || 73 || style="color:red;"| –8

|-

| style="background:{{party color|CDS – People's Party}};"|

| align="left"| CDS

| align=left |Diogo Freitas do Amaral || 876,007 || 16.0 || 42 || style="color:green;"| +26

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Unitary Democratic Coalition}};"|

| align="left"| PCP

| align=left |Álvaro Cunhal || 788,830 || 14.4 || 40 || style="color:green;"| +10

|-

| style="background:#E2062C;"|

| align="left"| UDP

| align=left |Mário Tomé || 91,690 || 1.7 || 1 || ±0

|-

| style="background:white;"|

| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties

| 220,936 || 4.0 || 0 || ±0

|-

| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots

| 257,696 || 2.7 || – || –

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"

| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout

| 5,483,461 || 83.53 || 263 || style="color:green;"| +13

|-

| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições{{cite web |url=https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/resultados_ar_1976.pdf |title=Resultados AR 1976 |work=Comissão Nacional de Eleições |access-date=6 August 2024}}

|}

{{Main|1986 Portuguese presidential election}}

{{election table|title=Ballot: 26 January and 16 February 1986}}

|-

! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Candidate

! colspan="2" |First round

! colspan="2" |Second round

|-

! Votes

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

! Votes

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"|

| align=left |Mário Soares || 1,443,683 || 25.4 || 3,010,756 || 51.2

|-

| style="background:{{party color|CDS – People's Party}};"|

| align=left |Diogo Freitas do Amaral || 2,629,597 || 46.3 || 2,872,064 || 48.8

|-

| style="background:green;"|

| align=left |Francisco Salgado Zenha || 1,185,867 || 20.9

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|

| align=left |Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo || 418,961 || 7.4

|-

| colspan="2" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots

| 64,626 || – || 54,280 || –

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"

| colspan="2" align="left"| Turnout

| 5,742,734 || 75.39 || 5,937,100 || 77.99

|-

| colspan="6" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições{{cite web |url=https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/resultados_pr_1986_primeiravolta.pdf |title=Resultados PR 1986 Primeira Volta |work=Comissão Nacional de Eleições |access-date=5 August 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/resultados_pr_1986_segundavolta.pdf |title=Resultados PR 1986 Segunda Volta |work=Comissão Nacional de Eleições |access-date=5 August 2024}}

|}

{{election table|title=Ballot: 31 January 1988}}

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"

! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

|-

|bgcolor={{party color|CDS – People's Party}}|

| align=left | Diogo Freitas do Amaral

| colspan="2" align=right | Voice vote

|-

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"

| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout

| align=right |

| align=right | 100.0

|-

| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Congress 1988[https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/04-out-2019/freitas-do-amaral-vivi-e-agi-a-minha-maneira-11333863.html "Diogo Freitas do Amaral. "Vivi e agi à minha maneira""], Diário de Notícias, 4 October 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2022.

|}

{{Main|1991 Portuguese legislative election}}

{{election table|title=Ballot: 6 October 1991}}

|-

! colspan="2" | Party

! Candidate

! Votes

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats

! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};"|

| align="left"|PSD

| align=left |Aníbal Cavaco Silva || 2,902,351 || 50.6 || 135 || style="color:red;"| –13

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}};"|

| align="left"|PS

| align=left |Jorge Sampaio || 1,670,758 || 29.1 || 72 || style="color:green;"| +12

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Unitary Democratic Coalition}};"|

| align="left"| CDU

| align=left |Álvaro Cunhal || 504,583 || 8.8 || 17 || style="color:red;"| –14

|-

| style="background:{{party color|CDS – People's Party}};"|

| align="left"| CDS

| align=left |Diogo Freitas do Amaral || 254,317 || 4.4 || 5 || style="color:green;"| +1

|-

| style="background:#000080;"|

| align="left"| PSN

| align=left |Manuel Sérgio || 96,096 || 1.6 || 1 || new

|-

| style="background:red;"|

| align="left"| PSR

| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 64,159 || 1.1 || 0 || ±0

|-

| style="background:white;"|

| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties

| 132,495 || 2.3 || 0 || style="color:red;"| –7

|-

| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots

| 110,672 || 1.9 || – || –

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"

| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout

| 5,735,431 || 67.78 || 230 || style="color:red;"| –20

|-

| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições{{cite web |url=https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/resultados_ar_1987.pdf |title=Resultados AR 1991 |work=Comissão Nacional de Eleições |access-date=5 August 2024}}

|}

{{ahnentafel

|collapsed=yes |align=center

|title=Ancestors of Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral

|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;

|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;

|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;

|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;

|1= 1. Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral

|2= 2. Duarte Pinto de Carvalho de Freitas do Amaral

|3= 3. Maria Filomena de Campos Trocado

|4= 4. Duarte do Amaral Pinto de Freitas

|5= 5. Ana Mendes Ribeiro de Oliveira

|6= 6. Josué Francisco Trocado

|7= 7. Maria Alves de Campos

|8= 8. Francisco Pinto de Carvalho do Amaral e Freitas

|9= 9. Maria Arminda de Sampaio Leite Ferreira

|10= 10. António Mendes Ribeiro

|11= 11. Francisca Augusta de Oliveira

|12= 12. Francisco Luís Trocado

|13= 13. Maria Emília da Cruz e Campos

|14= 14. José Fernandes da Silva Campos

|15= 15. Carolina Alves Campos

}}

• D. Afonso Henriques biografia. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2009.
• Camarate: um caso ainda em aberto : apelo de um cidadão. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2010. {{ISBN|9789722522434}}
• História do Pensamento Político Ocidental. Coimbra: Almedina, 2011. {{ISBN|978-972-40-4645-7}}

{{Reflist}}

• Anuário da Nobreza de Portugal, III, 2006, Tomo IV, pp. 862–873
• Costados, Gonçalo de Mesquita da Silveira de Vasconcelos e Sousa, Livraria Esquina, 1.ª Edição, Porto, 1997, N.º 55

{{S-start}}

{{s-dip}}

{{Succession box|before=Amara Essy|title=President of the United Nations General Assembly|years={{small|15 September}} 1995 – {{small|14 September}} 1996|after=Razali Ismail}}

{{S-off}}

{{Succession box|before=João Carlos Lopes Cardoso|title=Minister of Foreign Affairs|years=1980–1981|after=André Gonçalves Pereira}}

{{Succession box|before=Francisco Sá Carneiro|title=Acting Prime Minister of Portugal|years=1980–1981|after=Francisco Pinto Balsemão}}

{{Succession box|before=António Monteiro|title=Minister of Foreign Affairs|years=2005–2006|after=Luís Amado}}

{{S-end}}

{{PMPortugal1974}}

{{Presidents of the UN General Assembly}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freitas Do Amaral, Diogo De}}

Category:1941 births

Category:2019 deaths

Category:Candidates for President of Portugal

Category:CDS – People's Party politicians

Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Portugal

Category:Freitas do Amaral family

Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

Category:Members of the 1st Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

Category:Members of the 2nd Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

Category:Members of the 6th Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly (Portugal)

Category:Ministers of national defence of Portugal

Category:People from Póvoa de Varzim

Category:Permanent representatives of Portugal to the United Nations

Category:Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly

Category:Prime ministers of Portugal

Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 1st Class

Category:University of Lisbon alumni

Category:Portuguese political party founders