Dipodium squamatum
{{short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| genus = Dipodium
| species = squamatum
| synonyms =
}}
Dipodium squamatum is a mycoheterotrophic{{cite book|author=Merckx, Vincent |title=Mycoheterotrophy: The Biology of Plants Living on Fungi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AX8OH-k1PmUC&pg=PA117|date= 2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4614-5209-6|pages=117}}orchid species of the tribe Cymbidieae.
Taxonomy
The species was formally described in 1786 by German botanist Georg Forster, who gave it the name Ophrys squamata.{{cite web|title=Ophrys squamata G.Forst.|work=The Plant List version 1.1|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-141814|accessdate=2 February 2014}} It was then transferred to the genus Cymbidium as Cymbidium squamatum by the Swedish botanist Olof Swartz in 1800.{{cite web|title=Cymbidium squamatum (G.Forst.) Sw..|work=The Plant List version 1.1|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-53388|accessdate=2 February 2014}} In 1810, Scottish botanist Robert Brown noted the similarity of Cymbidium squamatum to his newly erected genus Dipodium, but did not make the combination, thus the commonly used author citation Dipodium squamatum (G.Forst.) R.Br. is incorrect.O'Byrne, P. 2013. A revision of Dipodium in Peninsular Malaysia. Malesian Orchid Journal, 12: 59–92.Brown, R. 1810. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6157488 Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae], p. 331. In 1819, the English botanist James Edward Smith provided the first valid combination for Dipodium squamatum in Rees's Cyclopædia.Mabberley, D.J. 1983. Dr Smith's Anemia, or, the prevention of later homonyms. Taxon, 32(1): 79-87.Smith, J.E. 1819. [https://archive.org/stream/cyclopaediaorun39rees#page/n467/mode/1up Dipodium]. In Rees's Cyclopædia, Vol. 39 (Add. & Corr.): Dipodium n. 2.
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families records Dipodium punctatum as a synonym of this species.{{cite web|title=Dipodium punctatum (Sm.) R.Br.|work=The Plant List version 1.1|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-62618|accessdate=2 February 2014}} In Australia, however, Dipodium punctatum is an accepted name in the Australian Plant Census.{{APNI | name = Dipodium punctatum | id =25299 |accessdate=2 February 2014}}
In New Caledonia the name Dipodium punctatum var. squamatum is used to refer to the Dipodium species that occurs there.{{cite web|title=Dipodium punctatum var. squamatum (Variete)|work=endemia.nc.|url=http://www.endemia.nc/plante/fiche3164.html|accessdate=9 February 2014}} However Dipodium punctatum var. squamatum is recorded as an illegitimate name and a synonym of Dipodpium squamatum in the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.{{cite web|title=Dipodium punctatum var. squamatum (G.Forst.) Finet ex Guillaumin, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 68 (1941), nom. illeg.|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=62619|accessdate=2 February 2014}}
The earliest scientific collection of this species, from New Caledonia, is attributed to George Forster's father Johann Reinhold Forster.{{cite web|title=Dipodium squamatum (specimen image)|work=Herbarium Catalogue|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew| url=http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000891148|accessdate=26 February 2014}} The elder Forster was the naturalist on James Cook's second expedition to the Pacific, and 19-year-old Georg was his assistant.{{cite book|author1=Bullard, Alice |author2=Boyer, Allen D. |title=Exile to Paradise: Savagery and Civilization in Paris and the South Pacific, 1790-1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LV7jQZfYOicC&pg=PA30|year=2000|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-3878-1|pages=30}} Other early collections included that of Eugène Vieillard from arid coastal areas at Balade in New Caledonia and by Scottish botanists John MacGillivray and William Grant Milne from the island of Aneityum, part of current day Vanuatu .{{cite book|author=Reichenbach, Heinrich Gustav| title=Xenia orchidacea :Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Orchideen |volume=2|publisher=F.A. Brockhaus|place=Leipzig|year=1874|pages=19–20|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9702#page/25/mode/1up}}
Distribution
According to the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, the distribution of this species includes New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Australia.{{cite web|title=Dipodium squamatum (G.Forst.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 311 (1810).|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=62623|accessdate=2 February 2014}}
In New Caledonia, the species occurs throughout Grande Terre and the Isle of Pines. In Vanuatu it is found on the southern islands of Aneityum and Erromango.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02311.x| title = Biogeographical affinities of the New Caledonian biota: A puzzle with 24 pieces| journal = Journal of Biogeography| volume = 37| issue = 7| pages = 1179| year = 2010| last1 = Heads | first1 = M. }}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons-inline|italic=1}}
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Dipodium squamatum|Dipodium squamatum}}
- [http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/519827.jpg Herbarium specimens at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5807815}}