Djanet

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Djanet

| official_name =

| native_name = ﺟﺎﻧﺖ

| native_name_lang = ar

| type = Town and commune

| image_skyline = Djanet.jpg

| image_alt =

| image_caption = A view of Djanet

| image_shield =

| nickname =

| image_map = DZ 56 Djanet.svg

| mapsize = 120px

| map_caption = Location of Djanet Commune within Djanet Province

| pushpin_map = Algeria

| pushpin_map_alt =

| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Djanet within Algeria

| coordinates = {{coord|24|33|18|N|9|29|7|E|region:DZ-33_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}

| coor_pinpoint =

| coordinates_footnotes =

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}}

| subdivision_type1 = Province

| subdivision_name1 = Djanet

| subdivision_type2 = District

| subdivision_name2 = Djanet (seat)

| established_title =

| established_date =

| seat_type = District seat

| seat =

| government_footnotes =

| leader_title = PMA Seats

| leader_name = 7

| leader_title1 =

| leader_name1 =

| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 57460

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m = 1035

| population_footnotes =

| population_total = 14655

| population_as_of = 2008

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_demonym =

| timezone1 = CET

| utc_offset1 = +01

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 33100

| area_code_type =

| area_code =

| blank_name_sec1 = ONS code

| blank_info_sec1 = 3302

| website =

| footnotes =

}}

File:Map Djanet-Ghat.jpg

thumb

Djanet ({{langx|ar|جانت}}; Berber: ⵊⴰⵏⴻⵜ, Janet) is an oasis city, and capital of Djanet District as well as of Djanet Province, southeast Algeria. It is located {{convert|412|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Illizi. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 14,655,{{cite web|title=Population: Illizi Wilaya|url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p1.pdf|publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie|accessdate=16 May 2013|language=French|archive-date=13 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113175000/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p1.pdf|url-status=live}} up from 9,699 in 1998,{{cite web|title=Algeria Communes|url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=8 March 2013|archive-date=18 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718070731/http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|url-status=live}} and an annual population growth rate of 4.3%. It is inhabited by the Kel Ajjer Tuareg people.

History

The region of Djanet has been inhabited since Neolithic times. There were periods of ten thousand years at a time that the area was not desert. The flora and fauna were luxuriant as is seen in the numerous rock paintings of Tassili n'Ajjer around Djanet. Populations of hunter-gatherers lived there.

Djanet was founded in the Middle Ages by the Tuareg. The Ottoman Empire, which had a nominal authority over the Fezzan region, reinforced their presence in the area at the beginning of the 20th century in reaction to the colonization of Africa by the Europeans.

Geography

Djanet, and the nearby towns of Azelouaz, El Mihan, Adjahil and Eferi, lie in a valley carved by the intermittent river (wadi) Oued Idjeriou through the southwest edge of the Tassili n'Ajjer mountain range and east of the Erg Admer sand dunes. The Tadrart Rouge is located to the southeast and is a southern prolongation of the Libyan Tadrart Acacus.

Due to the somewhat cooler air, higher humidity and somewhat higher rainfall in these areas, the nearby mountains support a greater amount and variety of wildlife than lower-lying areas in the Sahara, and forms part of the West Saharan montane xeric woodlands ecosystem. Djanet itself lies at an altitude of {{convert|1035|m|ft}}, but the mountains to the east and north reach as high as {{convert|1905|m|ft}}.{{cite web|title=Sabhah Sheet 8, Edition 4, AMS, 1969|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6589746-sheet_8.jpg|publisher=University of Texas Libraries|accessdate=17 May 2013|archive-date=4 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004032315/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6589746-sheet_8.jpg|url-status=live}}

Climate

Djanet has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers and mild winters. The city is extremely dry throughout the year, with an annual average rainfall of just {{convert|14.6|mm|in}} and no month with an average of more than {{convert|3|mm|in}}.

{{Weather box

|location = Djanet (1991–2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|width = auto

|Jan record high C = 31.4

|Feb record high C = 34.4

|Mar record high C = 36.2

|Apr record high C = 41.0

|May record high C = 49.0

|Jun record high C = 44.0

|Jul record high C = 48.5

|Aug record high C = 46.4

|Sep record high C = 42.0

|Oct record high C = 39.7

|Nov record high C = 33.4

|Dec record high C = 33.4

|Jan high C = 19.7

|Feb high C = 22.6

|Mar high C = 27.2

|Apr high C = 32.7

|May high C = 36.3

|Jun high C = 38.5

|Jul high C = 38.4

|Aug high C = 37.9

|Sep high C = 36.6

|Oct high C = 31.9

|Nov high C = 26.1

|Dec high C = 21.3

|year high C = 30.8

|Jan mean C = 11.6

|Feb mean C = 14.4

|Mar mean C = 19.3

|Apr mean C = 25.0

|May mean C = 29.0

|Jun mean C = 31.5

|Jul mean C = 31.2

|Aug mean C = 30.9

|Sep mean C = 29.4

|Oct mean C = 24.4

|Nov mean C = 18.2

|Dec mean C = 13.4

|year mean C = 23.2

|Jan low C = 3.5

|Feb low C = 6.3

|Mar low C = 11.5

|Apr low C = 17.2

|May low C = 21.7

|Jun low C = 24.4

|Jul low C = 23.9

|Aug low C = 23.9

|Sep low C = 22.2

|Oct low C = 17.0

|Nov low C = 10.2

|Dec low C = 5.4

|year low C = 15.6

|Jan record low C = -7.6

|Feb record low C = -3.6

|Mar record low C = 0.8

|Apr record low C = 5.7

|May record low C = 10.4

|Jun record low C = 17.0

|Jul record low C = 18.0

|Aug record low C = 14.0

|Sep record low C = 11.0

|Oct record low C = 5.4

|Nov record low C = 0.5

|Dec record low C = -3.2

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 1.5

|Feb precipitation mm = 0.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 2.1

|Apr precipitation mm = 0.8

|May precipitation mm = 2.9

|Jun precipitation mm = 2.9

|Jul precipitation mm = 0.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 1.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 1.7

|Oct precipitation mm = 2.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 0.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 0.2

|year precipitation mm = 16.7

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 0.3

|Feb precipitation days = 0.2

|Mar precipitation days = 0.3

|Apr precipitation days = 0.2

|May precipitation days = 0.6

|Jun precipitation days = 0.5

|Jul precipitation days = 0.1

|Aug precipitation days = 0.2

|Sep precipitation days = 0.4

|Oct precipitation days = 0.6

|Nov precipitation days = 0.0

|Dec precipitation days = 0.0

|year precipitation days = 3.4

|Jan humidity = 35.3

|Feb humidity = 29.3

|Mar humidity = 22.7

|Apr humidity = 18.7

|May humidity = 18.0

|Jun humidity = 18.2

|Jul humidity = 16.6

|Aug humidity = 18.4

|Sep humidity = 20.4

|Oct humidity = 26.6

|Nov humidity = 28.1

|Dec humidity = 33.2

|Jan sun = 281.8

|Feb sun = 265.7

|Mar sun =

|Apr sun = 288.2

|May sun =

|Jun sun = 303.7

|Jul sun = 362.1

|Aug sun =

|Sep sun = 304.0

|Oct sun =

|Nov sun =

|Dec sun =

|source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Algeria/CSV/Djanet_60670.csv

|title = Djanet Sennia Climate Normals for 1991-2020

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = 9 October 2023

|url-status = live

}}

|source 2 = climatebase.ru (extremes, humidity){{cite web

|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/60670/?lang=en

|title=Djanet, Algeria

|publisher=Climatebase.ru

|accessdate=17 May 2013

|archive-date=22 June 2013

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622035459/http://climatebase.ru/station/60670/?lang=en

|url-status=live

}}

|date=May 2013}}

Transport

Djanet Inedbirene Airport{{cite web|title=Djanet Inedbirene Airport|url=http://www.ourairports.com/airports/DAAJ/|publisher=OurAirports|accessdate=17 May 2013|archive-date=18 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818101728/http://ourairports.com/airports/DAAJ/|url-status=live}} is located about 30 kilometers south of the city center.

Education

4.1% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 19.8% has completed secondary education.{{cite web|title=Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence. |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p6.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113185016/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p6.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2011 }} The overall literacy rate is 85.6%, and is 92.1% among males and 78.0% among females, all three rates being the highest for any commune in the province.{{cite web|title=Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence . |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p10.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113193000/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p10.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2011 }}

Localities

The commune is composed of 12 localities:{{cite web|title=Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'Illizi|url=http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1554.pdf|publisher=Journal officiel de la République Algérienne|accessdate=2 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302063136/http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1554.pdf |archivedate=2 March 2013 |page=1554|language=French|date=19 December 1984}}