Dole plc

{{Main|Castle & Cooke|Total Produce}}

Dole plc traces its origins to the foundation of Castle & Cooke in 1851, and Charles McCann's Fish, Fruit and Vegetable Market in the 1850s in Ireland.{{cite web |title=The History of Dole plc |url=https://www.doleplc.com/about/history-growth |website=Dole plc |access-date=2 June 2022 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=History and Growth |url=https://www.totalproduce.com/history-growth/ |website=Total Produce |access-date=7 June 2022}} Castle & Cooke, a sugar and logistics company, was founded in Hawaii by Amos Starr Cooke and Samuel Northrup Castle.{{cite book |editor1-last=Nellist |editor1-first=George F. |title=The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders |date=1925 |url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10524/56596 |accessdate=2 June 2022 |publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |pages=87–91}}

{{See also|Standard Fruit Company}}

File:James Drummond Dole.jpg

File:Dole juice newspaper ad.png

In 1899, industrialist James Dole moved to Hawaii. James was the cousin of Sanford B. Dole, who had helped overthrow the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893, and became the governor of Hawaii in 1898.{{cite web | title=Hawaiian Monarchy Overthrown; Territory of Hawaii | website=Nisei Veterans Legacy | date=2022-08-31 | url=https://www.nvlchawaii.org/hawaiian-monarchy-overthrown-territory-of-hawaii/ | access-date=2023-04-01}} Two years after James Dole's arrival, he formed the Hawaiian Pineapple Company (HPC). The HPC delivered its first shipment of canned pineapple in 1903.{{cite news |title=It's Pineapple Season, But Does Your Fruit Come From Hawaii? |last1=Rhodes |first1=Jesse |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/its-pineapple-season-but-does-your-fruit-come-from-hawaii-5211854/ |work=Smithsonian Magazine |date=20 March 2013 |accessdate=2 June 2022}} Early products of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company were not marketed under a particular brand name, often assuming the names of the distributors.{{r|"Hawkins"|page=150}} In the early 20th century, pineapple was still relatively unknown, and James Dole and other growers mounted a marketing campaign in magazines in what the company now refers to as one of the first nationwide advertising campaigns in the United States.{{cite news |title=The Real Reason Americans Often Associate Pineapples With Hawaii |last1=Leigh |first1=Wendy |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/861416/the-real-reason-americans-often-associate-pineapples-with-hawaii/ |work=Tasting Table |date=12 May 2022 |accessdate=17 May 2022}} In 1927, the HPC began stamping its cans with the Dole brand name, with numbers to indicate the grade. These stamps ensured the Dole name would still be visible even if the label was changed by a distributor.{{r|"Hawkins"|p=154}}

The company made technological advances in the early decades of the 20th century in processing the fruit{{emdash}}most notably the Ginaca Machine, created in 1911{{emdash}}that made canning pineapple commercially viable.{{cite news |title=Perhaps you hadn't heard, but Hawaii almost lost its pineapples |last1=Trumbull |first1=Robert |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/12/21/archives/perhaps-you-hadnt-heard-but-hawaii-almost-lost-its-pineapples.html |work=The New York Times |date=21 December 1980 |accessdate=1 June 2022}} In 1922, Dole purchased the Hawaiian island Lanai and turned it into the largest pineapple plantation in the world.{{cite news |title=End of an era: Maui Land & Pineapple closing its pineapple operations |last1=Paiva |first1=Derek |url=https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/end-of-an-era-maui-land-pineapple-closing-its-pineapple-operations/ |work=Hawaii Magazine |date=4 November 2009 |accessdate=18 May 2022}} The same year, Castle & Cooke acquired 33% of the company via lease agreement. In 1927, the HPC began stamping its cans with the "Dole" brand.{{cite journal |last1=Hawkins |first1=Richard A. |title=James D. Dole and the 1932 Failure of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company |journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History |date=2007 |volume=41 |pages=149–170 |url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/12232/1/HJH41_149-170.pdf |access-date=7 June 2022}}{{rp|151,154}} By the end of the 1920s, the company grew more than 75% of all pineapples in the world. However, the Hawaiian Pineapple Company struggled to stay financially sound during the Great Depression and Castle & Cooke took control of it in 1932.{{cite news |title=North Dakota native leads Hawaiian company |last1=Eriksmoen |first1=Curt |url= |work=The Bismarck Tribune |date=24 January 2016 |accessdate=}}{{r|"Hawkins"|p=149}} The HPC was renamed the "Dole Company" and became a subsidiary of Castle & Cooke in 1961. Two years later, the company began expanding its fruit growing operations into southeast Asia, opening plantations and canneries in the Philippines and Thailand.

While the HPC was getting established, the tropical fruit trade was growing in Central and South America, primarily with the banana trade. One of the major players in that trade, the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company, was established in 1906 by the Vaccaro brothers and Salvador D'Antoni as Vaccaro Brothers and Company. However, the quartet had been making shipments of tropical fruit such as bananas and coconuts, as well as other items, since 1899.{{cite book |last1=Karnes |first1=Thomas L. |title=Tropical enterprise : the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company in Latin America |date=1978 |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |location=Baton Rouge, Louis. |isbn=978-0-8071-0395-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalenterpri00karn |access-date=2 June 2022}}{{rp|2,4,16}} The firm grew rapidly in its early years, establishing a headquarters in La Ceiba, Honduras, purchasing housing and cargo ships, and building rail and telephone lines at its plantations.{{r|"Karnes"|page=14,16}} The company's rapid growth has been attributed to the destruction of property records in the early 20th century, leading the firm to take control of large swaths of land with the support of the Honduran government.{{cite book |author1=Koeppel, Dan |author1-link=Dan Koeppel |title=Banana: The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World |date=2008 |publisher=Hudson Street Press |location=New York |isbn=9781101213919 |access-date=7 June 2022 |url=https://archive.org/details/bananafateoffrui00koep}}{{rp|145}} In 1924, the firm went public as the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company.{{r|"Karnes"|page=91-92}} In the 1920s, as Panama disease was destroying crops of the Gros Michel banana, Standard Fruit began looking for other cultivars to grow, settling on the Cavendish banana. Switching to the Cavendish allowed Standard Fruit to become the largest banana producer in the world by the 1960s.{{cite news |title=The banana business of Chiquita, Fresh Del Monte, and Dole is at risk due to a deadly fungus |last1=Shedd |first1=Karin |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2019/04/18/bananas-sold-by-chiquita-fresh-del-monte-and-dole-face-extinction-because-of-fungus.html#:~:text=The%20banana%20business%20of%20Chiquita,America's%20favorite%20fruit%3A%20the%20banana. |work=CNBC |date=19 April 2019 |accessdate=9 June 2022}} Standard Fruit merged with Castle & Cooke in 1968.{{r|"Karnes"|p=292-293}}

While these companies were forming in the United States, the McCanns expanded their operations in Ireland, opening a store in Dundalk in 1902.{{cite news |title=One of Dundalk's most successful and extraordinary businessmen |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/argus/news/one-of-dundalks-most-successful-and-extraordinary-businessmen-26955582.html |work=Irish Independent |date=3 August 2011 |accessdate=7 June 2022}} In the 1950s, the McCanns began consolidating with other companies in Ireland, creating United Fruit Importers and then Fruit Importers of Ireland, which became a publicly traded company.{{cite news |title=Elder statesman of Irish business |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/elder-statesman-of-irish-business-1.613539 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=30 July 2011 |accessdate=7 June 2022}}

File:David H. Murdock 174-CD-L03-05-19B-006 (cropped).jpg

Ten years after its merger with Standard Fruit, Castle & Cooke acquired Bud Antle Inc., a California-based vegetable company.{{cite news |title=California marketers stalk big bucks in celery |last1=Keppel |first1=Bruce |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-10-08-fi-3155-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=8 October 1988 |accessdate=6 June 2022}}{{cite news |title=The Big Business of Lettuce |last1=Crittenden |first1=Ann |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/11/27/archives/the-big-business-of-lettuce-growers-stress-brand-names-new.html |work=The New York Times |date=27 November 1980 |accessdate=2 June 2022}} However, Castle & Cooke began to struggle financially and was purchased in 1985 by billionaire David H. Murdock.{{cite news |title=Dole Food Agrees to $1.2 Billion Buyout Offer |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Saabira |last2=Jargon |first2=Julie |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323585604579008502351303672 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=12 August 2013 |accessdate=16 March 2022}} After the purchase, Dole began expanding its offerings by purchasing other food companies, buying several West Coast fruit and nut producers and distributors between 1985 and 1990, including Bonner Packing Company in California and Wells and Wade Fruit Company in Washington.{{cite news |title= Dole Wants The Whole Produce Aisle; Branded fruits and vegetables are turning the nation's supermarkets into Dole country |last1=Koepppel |first1=Dan |url= |work=Adweek |date=20 October 1990 |accessdate=}} Meanwhile, in Ireland, Fruit Importers of Ireland purchased Fyffes from Chiquita in 1986.

In 1985, the Hawaiian island of Lanai passed into the control of Castle & Cooke, which was then the owner of Dole. High labor and land costs led to a decline in Hawaii pineapple production in the 1980s, with Dole phasing out its pineapple operations on Lanai in 1992.{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-04-me-553-story.html|title='Pineapple Island' Residents See Way of Life Vanishing: Development: Farming is being phased out on Lanai and resorts are the new economic base. Many islanders prefer the old lifestyle.|last=Dipietro|first=Ben|work=Los Angeles Times|date=4 October 1992|language=en|access-date=8 May 2025}}

Murdock separated Dole and Castle & Cooke in 1996, turning the latter into a real estate development company.{{cite news |title=Dole Looks to Return to Stock Markets, Again |last1=de la Merced |first1=Michael J. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/25/business/dealbook/dole-food-company-ipo.html |work=The New York Times |date=25 April 2017 |accessdate=17 May 2022}}

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In the early 2000s, Dole struggled financially and was nearly bankrupt.{{cite news |title=Dole, the world's largest fresh fruit and vegetable company, is stepping back from Southland |last1=Mohan |first1=Geoffrey |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-dole-socal-20170830-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=August 30, 2017 |accessdate=June 1, 2022}} Murdock rescued the company, which had been publicly traded, and took it private in 2003.

During this same period, lawsuits related to the use of the pesticide DBCP were filed against Dole. The company, along with Shell and Dow Chemical Company, was ordered by a court in Managua, Nicaragua, to pay banana workers $489.4 million in 2003, but the companies declined to pay the fine.{{cite news |title=Banana Workers Get Day in Court |last1=Gonzalez |first1=David |last2=Loewenberg |first2=Samuel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/18/business/international-business-banana-workers-get-day-in-court.html |work=The New York Times |date=18 January 2003 |accessdate=9 June 2022}} In 2007, a California judge awarded $2.3 million to Nicaraguan banana workers who sued Dole for its DBCP use. However, the ruling was overturned in 2010, with another judge noting a lack of evidence connecting the workers to Dole plantations and fraud committed by the plaintiffs' lawyers.{{cite news |title=Judge throws out verdict awarding millions to Dole workers |last1=Kim |first1=Victoria |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jul-16-la-me-dole-20100716-story.html#:~:text=Putting%20an%20end%20to%20years,on%20American%2Drun%20banana%20farms. |work=Los Angeles Times |date=16 July 2010 |accessdate=17 March 2022}} Swedish filmmaker Fredrik Gertten made a documentary about the latter lawsuit, entitled Bananas!*, which led to a defamation lawsuit by Dole.{{cite news |title=Dole sues "Bananas" documentary maker |last1=Keating |first1=Gina |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-dole-lawsuit-idUSTRE5677C520090708 |work=Reuters |date=8 July 2009 |accessdate=18 May 2022}} Dole lost the suit and was ordered to pay the filmmakers SEK 1,400,000.{{cite web |last1=Mlik |first1=Nora |title=The movie "Bananas" won against Dole |url=http://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/film-tv/-filmen-bananas-vann-mot-dole |website=Dagens Nyheter |access-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116171719/http://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/film-tv/-filmen-bananas-vann-mot-dole |archive-date=16 January 2013 |language=Swedish |date=16 January 2013 |url-status=dead}} Gertten made a follow-up documentary about the defamation suit that premiered in 2012, entitled Big Boys Gone Bananas!*.{{cite news |title=Free speech, corporate lies and bananas; Hard-hitting documentary tells how Swedish filmmaker and Canadian producer took on the big boys at Dole Food Company |last1=Monk |first1=Katherine |url= |work=Ottawa Citizen |date=28 January 2012 |accessdate=}}

Total Produce was spun off from Fyffes in 2006 as a fresh fruit and vegetable business separate from the tropical fruits business of Fyffes. Upon establishment, the firm was one of the largest produce companies in Europe, leading in Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, and the Czech Republic.{{cite news |title=Fruitful strategy |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/fruitful-strategy-1.1200598 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |date=6 April 2007}} In 2007, Total Produce expanded further into the United Kingdom, purchasing British firm Redbridge Holdings for £11.75 million.{{cite news |last1=Keena |first1=Colm |title=Total purchase boosts share price |newspaper=The Irish TImes |date=13 January 2007}}

In 2009, Dole was sued by families of banana workers in Colombia, who alleged that the company had bankrolled militias that killed thousands of Colombians, including trade union organizers.{{cite news |title=Suit claims Dole Foods bankrolled Colombian death squads to kill labor organizers, farmers |last1=Meyer |first1=Bill |url=https://www.cleveland.com/world/2009/04/suit_claims_dole_foods_bankrol.html |work=Cleveland.com |date=28 April 2009 |accessdate=18 May 2022}} The suit was dismissed with prejudice the following year.{{cite news |title=Suit linking Dole to Colombia militias dismissed |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.cleveland.com/business/2010/09/suit_linking_dole_to_colombia.html |work=Cleveland.com |date=17 September 2010 |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=18 May 2022}}{{cite news |last1=Crowe |first1=Deborah |title=Worker Lawsuit Against Dole Dismissed |url=https://labusinessjournal.com/retail/colombian-worker-lawsuit-against-dole-dismissed/ |access-date=25 July 2022 |work=Los Angeles Business Journal |date=17 September 2010}}

Murdock took Dole public again in 2009, raising $446 million in the process.{{cite news |title=Dole Executives Ordered to Pay $148 Million in Buyout Lawsuit |last1=Hoffman |first1=Liz |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/dole-executives-ordered-to-pay-148-million-in-buyout-lawsuit-1440686542 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=27 August 2015 |accessdate=16 March 2022}}

In 2012, Dole reached a deal to sell its packaged food division and Asian fresh produce operations to the Japanese firm Itochu for $1.7 billion,{{cite news |title=Dole Food sells two businesses to Itochu for $1.7 billion |last1=Sheldrick |first1=Aaron |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-dolefood-itochu-idUSBRE88H01L20120918 |work=Reuters |date=17 September 2012 |accessdate=16 March 2022}} with the purchase concluding in April 2013.{{cite news |title=Itochu completes purchase of Dole businesses |url=https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/2047-itochu-completes-purchase-of-dole-businesses |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Food Business News |date=2 April 2013}} As part of the Itochu deal, the Dole brand continued to be used for some packaged food products worldwide and fresh produce in Asia, Australia and New Zealand, although the Dole Food Company had no business involvement for these products. In August 2013, Murdock reacquired Dole as a private company at a valuation of $1.6 billion.{{cite news |title=David H. Murdock Completes Acquisition of Dole Food Company, Inc. |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131101005872/en/David-H.-Murdock-Completes-Acquisition-of-Dole-Food-Company-Inc. |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Businesswire |date=1 November 2013}} He and Dole Food Company President Michael Carter were later sued by investors for undervaluing the company during the Itochu deal, and in 2015, a judge in Delaware ordered the pair to pay shareholders $148 million for intentionally lowering the value of Dole stock prior to the buyout.{{cite news |title=Dole Food CEO, former top exec ordered to pay $148M |last1=Chase |first1=Randall |url=https://apnews.com/article/d22cfad5ae5744f4a0b204fc64783b18 |work=Associated Press |date=August 27, 2015 |accessdate=May 27, 2022}}

Total Produce purchased a 45% stake in the Dole Food Company in 2018, and merged with Dole in 2021 to form Dole plc.{{cite news |title=Total Produce to buy stake in Dole Food Company for $300m |last1=O'Brien |first1=Ciara |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/agribusiness-and-food/total-produce-to-buy-stake-in-dole-food-company-for-300m-1.3376427 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=2 February 2018 |accessdate=17 May 2022}} Dole plc ({{NYSE|DOLE}}) began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in July 2021.{{cite news |title=Dole stock slides 9% in public market debut on New York Stock Exchange |last1=Lucas |first1=Amelia |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/30/dole-ipo-stock-falls-6percent-in-market-debut-on-new-york-stock-exchange.html |work=CNBC |date=30 July 2021 |accessdate=18 May 2022}}

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File:Dole Mascots (41848912380) (cropped).jpg

Covering five continents, Dole has {{convert|109,000|acres}} of its own farmland, 13 cargo vessels, five manufacturing plants, 75 packing houses and 160 distribution centers. Dole is a vertically integrated producer, owning plantations in Central America.{{cite web|last1=Wang|first1=Dan|title=Meet Dole, the World's Full-Stack Banana Company|url=https://www.flexport.com/blog/why-dole-owns-container-ships/|publisher=Flexport|access-date=5 January 2016}} Its container ships are specially equipped with refrigerated containers, and use their own cranes instead of relying on port infrastructure.{{cite web|title=Vessels|url=http://www.doleoceancargo.com/vessels.html|publisher=Dole Ocean Cargo|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151206002505/http://www.doleoceancargo.com/vessels.html|archive-date=6 December 2015|url-status=dead}}

As of 2021, Rory Byrne is CEO, Carl McCann is chairman, and Johan Lindén is chief operating officer.

Following the 2021 merger with Total Produce, Dole plc has world headquarters in Dublin, Ireland and US headquarters in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The Guinness Book of World Records (2007) lists the pineapple maze at the Dole Plantation on Oahu, Hawaii as the world's largest maze.{{cite web|url=http://www.dole-plantation.com/Maze/maze.aspx |title=Dole Plantation – Hawaii's Complete Pineapple Experience – Maze |access-date=2008-02-14 |publisher=Dole Plantation, Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121014452/http://www.dole-plantation.com/Maze/maze.aspx |archive-date=2008-01-21 |url-status=dead }}

Bobby Banana, a mascot of Dole plc, is an anthropomorphic banana who appears in Dole comics and games for children.{{cite web|url=https://www.producebluebook.com/2022/06/24/dole-surprises-la-youth-art-director-with-everyday-hero-honors/ |title=Dole surprises LA youth art director with 'Everyday Hero' honors |publisher=Produce Blue Book|date=24 June 2022 |access-date=13 October 2022}}

File:004 Dole company, banana fruit sticker.jpg

Including pineapples, Dole products include some 300 fresh plant foods as whole deciduous and citrus fruits, berries, and fresh-cut vegetables; salad products include greens, salad kits, and shreds.{{cite news |title=Dole Looks for Deals and Operational Efficiency After NYSE Listing |last1=Trentmann |first1=Nina |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/dole-looks-for-deals-and-operational-efficiency-after-nyse-listing-11640082607 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=21 December 2021 |accessdate=13 May 2022}}{{cite news |title=Dole IPO: 5 things to know about the newly-public fruit and vegetable giant |last1=Garcia |first1=Tonya |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/dole-ipo-5-things-to-know-about-the-fruit-and-vegetable-giant-before-it-goes-public-11625835087 |work=MarketWatch |date=30 July 2021 |accessdate=17 May 2022}}{{cite news |title=Irish company Total Produce buys 45 percent stake in Dole Food Co. |last1=Hersko |first1=Tyler |url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/money/business/2018/02/06/irish-based-total-produce-buys-45-percent-stake-dole-food-co/312295002/ |work=Ventura County Star |date=7 February 2018 |accessdate=17 May 2022}}

As of 2022, Dole has a brand licensing arrangement with The Walt Disney Company for fruits and vegetables branded with Disney, Pixar, Marvel, and Star Wars fictional characters to encourage produce consumption among children, such as using stickers on bananas.{{cite news |title=Can Cinderella and Elsa convince kids to eat vegetables?|last1=Bhattarai |first1=Abha |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2016/10/18/can-cinderella-and-elsa-convince-kids-to-eat-vegetables/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=18 October 2016 |accessdate=7 June 2022}} The arrangement includes cobranded recipes featuring Disney films, including Star Wars: The Force Awakens and Frozen II.{{cite news |title='Frozen 2' will be a box office monster. But can it top the first one? |last1=Faughnder |first1=Ryan |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2019-11-21/frozen-2-big-at-box-office-but-can-it-top-the-first |work=Los Angeles Times |date=21 November 2019 |accessdate=7 June 2022}}

The Dole brand is also under license with Pepsico for bottled fruit beverages.

As Dole products include fruits and vegetables grown in open fields, Dole uses rigorous food safety procedures under Good Agricultural Practices for its own farms and those of contract growers.{{cite web |author1=Lisa Lupo |title=Dole fresh vegetables |url=https://www.qualityassurancemag.com/article/qa1013-dole-safety-fresh-vegetables/ |publisher=Quality Assurance and Food Safety |access-date=21 October 2022 |date=10 October 2013}} In California, Dole is a certified member of the Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement (LGMA), a collaboration of food scientists and safety experts, government, farmers, shippers, and processors.{{cite web |title=Certified members |url=https://lgma.ca.gov/certified-members |publisher=California Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement |access-date=21 October 2022 |date=2022}} Dole operates a SafetyChain system, which is a cellphone-based process for quality assurance on the farm (region, grower, and lot number), including immediate reports on non-compliance issues.

Over decades, Dole has initiated several recalls of its products and shut down manufacturing facilities for cleaning in response to outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, primarily related to bagged salads and leafy greens.

Officials with the Minnesota Department of Health found Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dole bagged lettuce in 2005. The outbreak infected 25 people in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Oregon.{{cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Joan |title=Minnesota finds E. coli in lettuce bags |url=http://www.producenews.com/storydetail.cfm?ID=5449 |website=The Produce News |access-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208032833/http://www.producenews.com/storydetail.cfm?ID=5449 |archive-date=8 February 2009 |date=17 October 2005}} The following year, an E. coli outbreak that infected more than 200 people and killed three was traced back to a spinach processor in California which packaged spinach under the Dole brand.{{cite news |last1=Parsons |first1=Larry |title=Inside the CDC's report on the deadly E. coli spinach outbreak |url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/March/24/local/stories/12local.htm |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=Santa Cruz Sentinel |date=24 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930203523/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/March/24/local/stories/12local.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007}} Dole initiated a recall of the tainted spinach.{{cite news |title=Listeria Outbreak Linked to Dole Salads From Ohio Facility |last1=Newman |first1=Jesse |last2=Brat |first2=Ilan |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cdc-links-listeria-outbreak-to-dole-foods-ohio-facility-1453493700 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=22 January 2016 |accessdate=17 March 2022}}

According to Dole personnel and the California LGMA, this 2006 E. coli outbreak led

to harmonizing new rigorous farm and handling practices across the fresh produce industry to minimize microbial contamination.

Dole recalled its "Seven Lettuces" salads in 2012 after random testing by New York health officials found salmonella in the salads.{{cite news |title=Dole Recalls Bagged Salads For Salmonella Risk |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=150691482 |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=NPR |agency=Associated Press |date=15 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501203905/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=150691482 |archive-date=1 May 2012}} The same year, the company issued two recalls of its bagged salads due to contamination by Listeria monocytogenes.{{cite news |title=Dole Italian Blend salads recalled after positive Listeria test |last1=Jaslow |first1=Ryan |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dole-italian-blend-salads-recalled-after-positive-listeria-test/ |work=CBS News |date=24 August 2012 |accessdate=8 June 2022}} The company initiated another recall due to contamination by L. monocytogenes in 2014.{{cite news |title=Publisher's Platform: Will the Justice Department look at Dole's history of recalls and outbreaks? |last1=Marler |first1=Bill |url=https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2016/05/publishers-platform-will-the-justice-department-look-at-doles-history-of-recalls-and-outbreaks/ |work=Food Safety News |date=2 May 2016 |accessdate=18 March 2022}} The following year, Dole recalled bagged spinach due to contamination with salmonella following safety testing conducted by the United States Food and Drug Administration at a plant in Springfield, Ohio.{{cite news |title=Salmonella risk: Dole recalls spinach in 13 states |last1=Bacon |first1=John |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/10/14/dole-recalls-spinach-13-states-due-salmonella-risk/73919444/ |work=USA Today |date=14 October 2015 |accessdate=8 June 2022}}

In 2016, an outbreak of listeriosis tied to the Springfield plant led to the hospitalization of 33 people and four deaths. The plant closed for four months that year, and later reporting revealed Dole knew about the listeria contamination in July 2014, more than a year before the plant's closure. The United States Department of Justice initiated a criminal probe into the issue.{{cite news |title=Dole Knew About Listeria Problem at Salad Plant, F.D.A. Report Says |last1=Strom |first1=Stephanie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/business/dole-knew-about-listeria-problem-fda-report-says.html |work=The New York Times |date=29 April 2016 |accessdate=17 May 2022}} Dole settled two civil lawsuits related to the outbreak in 2017.{{cite news |title=Dole settles civil suits related to listeria outbreak |last1=Sanctis |first1=Matt |url=https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/dole-settles-civil-suits-related-listeria-outbreak/YKUfbJKEGzFWZm6PUL6kUN/ |work=Springfield News-Sun |date=28 April 2017 |accessdate=8 June 2022}}

In December 2021, Dole recalled 180 varieties of packaged salad due to possible listeria contamination and closed packaging facilities in Yuma, Arizona, and Bessemer City, North Carolina, to sanitize them.{{cite news |title=Fresh Express and Dole recall hundreds of salad products over listeria concerns |last1=Treisman |first1=Rachel |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/23/1067345551/fresh-express-dole-recall-salad-products-listeria-concerns |work=NPR |date=23 December 2021 |accessdate=8 June 2022}} The outbreak led to an investigation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after two people died and 17 became ill.{{cite news |title=Two dead from Listeria outbreak linked to Dole packaged salads, CDC says |last1=Sealy |first1=Amanda |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/03/us/listeria-dole-packaged-salads/index.html |work=CNN |date=3 February 2022 |accessdate=8 June 2022}}

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| yahoo = DOLE

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