Doniphan, Missouri
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Doniphan, Missouri
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = File:Ripley County MO Courthouse HDR.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Ripley County Courthouse
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Ripley_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Doniphan_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location of Doniphan, Missouri
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| coordinates = {{coord|36|37|24|N|90|49|20|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name1 = Missouri
| subdivision_name2 = Ripley
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 3.57
| area_total_sq_mi = 1.38
| area_land_km2 = 3.57
| area_land_sq_mi = 1.38
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| elevation_ft = 381
| population_total = 1781
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 499.57
| population_density_sq_mi = 1294.33
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| postal_code_type = ZIP code
| postal_code = 63935
| area_code = 573
| website =
| footnotes =
| timezone = Central (CST)
| utc_offset = −6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = −5
| blank_name = FIPS code
| blank_info = 29-19792{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}
| blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
| blank1_info = 2394544{{GNIS|2394544}}
| pop_est_footnotes =
}}
Doniphan is a city and the county seat of Ripley County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,781 at the 2020 census.{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2919792|access-date=2022-01-09|website=data.census.gov}}{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}
==History==
The first settlement at Doniphan was made in the 1840s.{{cite web | url =http://shsmo.org/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_ripley.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624071854/http://shsmo.org/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_ripley.html | archive-date = June 24, 2016 | url-status = live | title=Ripley County Place Names, 1928–1945 | publisher=The State Historical Society of Missouri| access-date= December 14, 2016}} The community was named for Alexander William Doniphan.{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n106 107]}} A post office called Doniphan has been in operation since 1848.{{cite web | url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=MO&county=Ripley | title=Post Offices| publisher=Jim Forte Postal History | access-date=14 December 2016}}
= Early years =
The earliest recorded permanent settlement in the area that would become Doniphan was that of Lemuel Kittrell in 1819. Kittrell built a grist and wood mill near his home that attracted additional settlers to the region. By 1841, the Kittrell settlement had grown to a sizeable village that included an inn, store, distillery, produce warehouse, tannery, justice of the peace and notary office, blacksmith, and a gunsmith.{{Cite web|title=Doniphan History|url=https://www.ripleycountymissouri.org/history.php|access-date=February 25, 2022|website=Ripley County Chamber of Commerce}}
The town of Doniphan was founded in 1847. Due to most of the population of Ripley County being concentrated in the southern half of the county, the county seat was moved from Van Buren to Doniphan the same year.{{Cite web|title=Doniphan History|url=https://www.ripleycountymissouri.org/history.php|access-date=February 22, 2022|website=Ripley County Chamber of Commerce}}
= Civil War =
Most residents of Southeast Missouri identified as southerners and sympathized with, or fought for, the Confederacy. During the winter of 1861-1862, the combination of harsh conditions and numerous skirmishes ruined crops and many families suffered. The residents of Doniphan were promised protection by Captain W. T. Leeper if they remained loyal to the Union, but the residents were mostly rebel sympathizers.{{Cite news|last=Wright|first=T. L.|date=April 2, 1970|title=Ripley County - No Man's Land In The Civil War|pages=7|work=Doniphan Prospect-News|url=http://www.history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs62x/mocwmb/arch_config.pl?md=read;id=4307|access-date=February 25, 2022}}
In 1862, Reverend Timothy Reeves, a Baptist minister in Doniphan, formed Reeves's Independent Company of Missouri Scouts, a militia group under the command of Confederate General John Sappington Marmaduke.{{Cite journal|last=Ponder|first=Jerry|date=1991|title=Between Missourians: Civil War in Ripley County|url=https://thelibrary.org/lochist/periodicals/ozarkswatch/ow404i.htm|journal=OzarksWatch|volume=4}} On April 1, 1862, a skirmish lasting two days took place at the Doniphan Ford on Current River. Union forces were led by Captain Leeper, while pro-Confederate forces were led by Reverend Reeves. The skirmish resulted in many killed, wounded, or captured for both sides.{{Cite news|last=Wright|first=T.L.|date=April 2, 1970|title=Ripley County - No Man's Land In The Civil War|pages=7|work=Doniphan Prospect-News|url=http://www.history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs62x/mocwmb/arch_config.pl?md=read;id=4307|access-date=February 25, 2022}}
In 1863, Reeves combined his Independent Scouts with another militia group to form the 15th Missouri Cavalry Regiment, CSA.
In 1864, Union troops entered Doniphan and burned most of the town, including the wooden courthouse.
As of 1900, Doniphan was a sundown town that prohibited African Americans from living there.{{cite news|title=A White Man's Town: Citizens of Doniphan Determined No Blacks Shall Live There|work=The Sunday Journal|location=Indianapolis|date=July 29, 1900|page=1|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1900-07-29/ed-1/seq-1/|via=Chronicling America|quote=The importation of a large number of negroes into Doniphan nearly precipitated a race war. No negroes are allowed to live in the town and on their arrival the citizens undertook to drive them out. Several colored men were roughly handled and a number of white men and negroes were injured. Sheriff Morrill came to the rescue and an armed posse is now guarding the colored laborers. The citizens are determined the negroes shall not be allowed to remain and further trouble is expected.}}
Geography
Doniphan is located in south-central Ripley County at the intersection of US Route 160 and Missouri Route 142. The Current River flows past the west side of the city.Missouri Atlas & Gazetteer, DeLorme, 1998, First edition, p. 66, {{ISBN|0-89933-224-2}}
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|1.38|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2012-07-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-07-02 }}
Demographics
{{US Census population
|1870= 146
|1880= 157
|1890= 609
|1900= 1508
|1910= 1225
|1920= 1248
|1930= 1398
|1940= 1604
|1950= 1611
|1960= 1421
|1970= 1850
|1980= 1921
|1990= 1713
|2000= 1932
|2010= 1997
|2020= 1781
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}
}}
=2010 census=
As of the census{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2012-07-08}} of 2010, there were 1,997 people, 852 households, and 485 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1447.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 966 housing units at an average density of {{convert|700.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.64% White, 0.15% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.80% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.70% of the population.
There were 852 households, of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.9% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.97.
The median age in the city was 39.4 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.2% were from 25 to 44; 20.9% were from 45 to 64; and 22.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.2% male and 54.8% female.
=2000 census=
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,932 people, 844 households, and 480 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,412.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 951 housing units at an average density of {{convert|695.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 98.60% White, 0.36% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 844 households, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 40.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 21.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 30.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $19,696, and the median income for a family was $29,875. Males had a median income of $23,438 versus $18,981 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,407. About 19.8% of families and 25.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.3% of those under age 18 and 25.8% of those age 65 or over.
Climate
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=723305&cityname=Doniphan%2C+Missouri%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Doniphan, Missouri]
{{Weather box
| single line = Y
| location = Doniphan, Missouri, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1894–2017
|collapsed = yes
|Jan record high F = 77
|Feb record high F = 88
|Mar record high F = 92
|Apr record high F = 95
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 112
|Jul record high F = 110
|Aug record high F = 114
|Sep record high F = 106
|Oct record high F = 97
|Nov record high F = 85
|Dec record high F = 78
|Jan avg record high F = 66.2
|Feb avg record high F = 71.8
|Mar avg record high F = 79.4
|Apr avg record high F = 85.8
|May avg record high F = 89.7
|Jun avg record high F = 95.4
|Jul avg record high F = 99.0
|Aug avg record high F = 99.1
|Sep avg record high F = 93.8
|Oct avg record high F = 86.0
|Nov avg record high F = 76.6
|Dec avg record high F = 65.9
|year avg record high F = 100.6
| Jan high F =45.9
| Feb high F =50.7
| Mar high F =60.1
| Apr high F =70.4
| May high F =77.9
| Jun high F =86.0
| Jul high F =89.6
| Aug high F =88.9
| Sep high F =82.4
| Oct high F =71.5
| Nov high F =58.6
| Dec high F =48.0
| Jan mean F =35.1
| Feb mean F =39.0
| Mar mean F =47.4
| Apr mean F =57.3
| May mean F =66.2
| Jun mean F =74.8
| Jul mean F =78.8
| Aug mean F =77.6
| Sep mean F =70.0
| Oct mean F =58.1
| Nov mean F =46.6
| Dec mean F =37.8
| Jan low F =24.4
| Feb low F =27.2
| Mar low F =34.7
| Apr low F =44.2
| May low F =54.5
| Jun low F =63.6
| Jul low F =68.0
| Aug low F =66.3
| Sep low F =57.7
| Oct low F =44.7
| Nov low F =34.6
| Dec low F =27.6
|Jan avg record low F = 3.5
|Feb avg record low F = 7.6
|Mar avg record low F = 16.0
|Apr avg record low F = 25.7
|May avg record low F = 37.8
|Jun avg record low F = 49.5
|Jul avg record low F = 55.4
|Aug avg record low F = 52.7
|Sep avg record low F = 38.4
|Oct avg record low F = 26.8
|Nov avg record low F = 17.7
|Dec avg record low F = 7.0
|year avg record low F = -0.6
|Jan record low F = -24
|Feb record low F = -21
|Mar record low F = 0
|Apr record low F = 17
|May record low F = 29
|Jun record low F = 35
|Jul record low F = 45
|Aug record low F = 38
|Sep record low F = 29
|Oct record low F = 15
|Nov record low F = 2
|Dec record low F = -16
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch =3.41
| Feb precipitation inch =3.81
| Mar precipitation inch =4.66
| Apr precipitation inch =5.59
| May precipitation inch =5.69
| Jun precipitation inch =3.52
| Jul precipitation inch =4.63
| Aug precipitation inch =3.77
| Sep precipitation inch =3.70
| Oct precipitation inch =3.86
| Nov precipitation inch =4.87
| Dec precipitation inch =4.15
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 7.9
|Feb precipitation days = 7.0
|Mar precipitation days = 9.2
|Apr precipitation days = 8.7
|May precipitation days = 9.7
|Jun precipitation days = 7.9
|Jul precipitation days = 7.8
|Aug precipitation days = 6.9
|Sep precipitation days = 6.3
|Oct precipitation days = 7.4
|Nov precipitation days = 8.0
|Dec precipitation days = 8.1
| Jan snow inch =1.7
| Feb snow inch =2.4
| Mar snow inch =2.0
| Apr snow inch =0.0
| May snow inch =0.0
| Jun snow inch =0.0
| Jul snow inch =0.0
| Aug snow inch =0.0
| Sep snow inch =0.0
| Oct snow inch =0.1
| Nov snow inch =0.1
| Dec snow inch =1.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 1.2
|Feb snow days = 1.0
|Mar snow days = 0.4
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.1
|Dec snow days = 0.9
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00232289&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Doniphan, MO
|access-date = March 5, 2023
}}
|source 2 = National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 1981–2010)
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=pah
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Paducah
|access-date = March 5, 2023
}}
}}
Education
Doniphan R-I School District operates one elementary school, one middle school, Current River Career Center and Doniphan High School.{{cite web | url=https://www.greatschools.org/missouri/doniphan/doniphan-r_i-school-district/ | title=Doniphan R-I School District | publisher=Great Schools | access-date=1 June 2019}}
The town has a lending library, the Doniphan-Ripley County Library District.{{cite web | url=http://www.publiclibraries.com/missouri.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610012728/http://www.publiclibraries.com/missouri.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 June 2017 | title=Missouri Public Libraries | publisher=PublicLibraries.com | access-date=1 June 2019}}
Notable people
- Larry Dale Lee, foreign correspondent, grew up in Doniphan.
- Billy Yates, country singer, born and raised in Doniphan, MO.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://vle1.capella.edu/194476/Home/doniphanmo2008.html 2008 Doniphan, Missouri]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- Historic maps of Doniphan in the [http://dl.mospace.umsystem.edu/mu/islandora/object/mu%3A138778 Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection] at the University of Missouri
{{Ripley County, Missouri}}
{{Missouri county seats}}
{{authority control}}
Category:Cities in Ripley County, Missouri