Doomsday Clock
{{short description|Symbol which represents the likelihood of a human-made global catastrophe}}
{{about|the symbol of global catastrophe|other uses|Doomsday Clock (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024|cs1-dates=l}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Doomsday Clock
| logo = File:Doomsday clock (1.5 minutes).svg
| logo_size = 120px
| logo_caption = The Doomsday Clock pictured at its setting of "89 seconds to midnight", last changed in January 2025
| first = {{start date|1947|06}}
| last = January 28, 2025
| frequency = Annually
| organized = Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
| website = {{Official URL}}
}}
The Doomsday Clock is a symbol that represents the estimated likelihood of a human-made global catastrophe, in the opinion of the nonprofit organization Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.{{cite news |title=Science and Security Board |language=en-US |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |url=http://thebulletin.org/science-and-security-board |access-date=January 3, 2015 |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316152503/http://thebulletin.org/science-and-security-board |url-status=live }} Maintained since 1947, the Clock is a metaphor, not a prediction, for threats to humanity from unchecked scientific and technological advances. That is, the time on the Clock is not to be interpreted as actual time. A hypothetical global catastrophe is represented by midnight on the Clock, with the Bulletin{{'}}s opinion on how close the world is to one represented by a certain number of minutes or seconds to midnight, which is then assessed in January of each year. The main factors influencing the Clock are nuclear warfare, climate change, and artificial intelligence.{{cite web|last1=Morrison|first1=R. |date=January 23, 2024|title=Doomsday Clock is 90 seconds to midnight as experts warn “ai among the biggest threats” to humanity|website=Tom’s Guide|url=https://www.tomsguide.com/news/ai-a-threat-to-the-end-of-the-world-doomsday-clock-stays-at-90-seconds-to-midnight}}{{cite web |url=http://thebulletin.org/how-many-hiroshimas-does-it-take-describe-climate-change|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929095819/https://thebulletin.org/how-many-hiroshimas-does-it-take-describe-climate-change/ |archive-date=September 29, 2013 |title=How Many Hiroshimas Does it Take to Describe Climate Change? |last=Stover |first=Dawn |date=September 26, 2013 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists}}{{cbignore}} The Bulletin{{'}}s Science and Security Board monitors new developments in the life sciences and technology that could inflict irrevocable harm to humanity.{{cite news |title='Doomsday Clock' Moves Two Minutes Closer To Midnight |url=http://thebulletin.org/press-release/doomsday-clock-moves-two-minutes-closer-midnight |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826180458/https://thebulletin.org/press-release/doomsday-clock-moves-two-minutes-closer-midnight/ |archive-date=August 26, 2013 |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |access-date=April 6, 2015 |date=January 17, 2007}}{{cbignore}}
The Clock's original setting in 1947 was 7 minutes to midnight. It has since been set backward 8 times and forward 18 times. The farthest time from midnight was 17 minutes in 1991, and the closest is 89 seconds, set in January 2025.
The Clock was moved to 150 seconds (2 minutes, 30 seconds) in 2017, then forward to 2 minutes to midnight in 2018, and left unchanged in 2019.{{Cite web |url=https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/ |title=Doomsday Clock 2019 Time |date=January 24, 2019 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124194613/https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/ |archive-date=January 24, 2019 |access-date=January 24, 2019 |url-status=dead}}{{cbignore}} It was moved forward to 100 seconds (1 minute, 40 seconds) in 2020,{{cite web | last=James | first=Sara | title='If there's ever a time to wake up, it's now': Doomsday Clock moves 20-seconds closer to midnight | website=ABC News | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-24/doomsday-clock-moves-closest-to-midnight-in-73-year-history/11896294 | access-date=January 24, 2020 | date=January 24, 2020 | archive-date=January 24, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124004440/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-24/doomsday-clock-moves-closest-to-midnight-in-73-year-history/11896294 | url-status=live }} 90 seconds (1 minute, 30 seconds) in 2023,{{Cite web |url=https://thebulletin.org/2023/01/press-release-doomsday-clock-set-at-90-seconds-to-midnight/ |title=Doomsday Clock set at 90 seconds to midnight |date=January 24, 2023|website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |access-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124152126/https://thebulletin.org/2023/01/press-release-doomsday-clock-set-at-90-seconds-to-midnight/ |url-status=live }} and 89 seconds (1 minute, 29 seconds) in 2025.{{Cite web |title=2025 Doomsday Clock Statement |url=https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/2025-statement/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en-US}}
History
File:Bulletin Atomic Scientists Cover.jpg
The Doomsday Clock's origin can be traced to the international group of researchers called the Chicago Atomic Scientists, who had participated in the Manhattan Project.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=20061016&id=tGdWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5932,5424494|title=Doomsday Clock moving closer to midnight?|newspaper=The Spokesman-Review|date=October 16, 2006|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=November 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127184452/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=20061016&id=tGdWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5932%2C5424494|url-status=live}} After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they began publishing a mimeographed newsletter and then the magazine, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which, since its inception, has depicted the Clock on every cover. The Clock was first represented in 1947, when the Bulletin co-founder Hyman Goldsmith asked artist Martyl Langsdorf (wife of Manhattan Project research associate and Szilárd petition signatory Alexander Langsdorf Jr.) to design a cover for the magazine's June 1947 issue. As Eugene Rabinowitch, another co-founder of the Bulletin, explained later:
{{quote|The Bulletin{{'}}s Clock is not a gauge to register the ups and downs of the international power struggle; it is intended to reflect basic changes in the level of continuous danger in which mankind lives in the nuclear age...{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19840222&id=tbcfAAAAIBAJ&pg=2249,3820904|title=The Doomsday Clock|newspaper=Southeast Missourian|date=February 22, 1984|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719020936/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19840222&id=tbcfAAAAIBAJ&pg=2249%2C3820904|url-status=live}}|sign=|source=}} Langsdorf chose a clock to reflect the urgency of the problem: like a countdown, the Clock suggests that destruction will naturally occur unless someone takes action to stop it.{{cite news|title=Running the 'Doomsday Clock' is a full-time job. Really.|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/26/world/doomsday-clock-scientists-trnd/index.html|access-date=January 29, 2018|publisher=CNN|date=January 26, 2018|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203183529/https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/26/world/doomsday-clock-scientists-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}
In January 2007, designer Michael Bierut, who was on the Bulletin{{'}}s Governing Board, redesigned the Doomsday Clock to give it a more modern feel. In 2009, the Bulletin ceased its print edition and became one of the first print publications in the U.S. to become entirely digital; the Clock is now found as part of the logo on the Bulletin
The 5th Doomsday Clock Symposium was held on November 14, 2013, in Washington, D.C.; it was a day-long event that was open to the public and featured panelists discussing various issues on the topic "Communicating Catastrophe". There was also an evening event at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in conjunction with the Hirshhorn's current exhibit, "Damage Control: Art and Destruction Since 1950".{{cite web|title=Damage Control: Art and Destruction Since 1950|url=http://www.hirshhorn.si.edu/collection/programs-calendar/#collection=damage-control|date=2013|website=Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden|access-date=November 15, 2013|archive-date=November 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104221329/http://www.hirshhorn.si.edu/collection/programs-calendar/#collection=damage-control|url-status=live}} The panel discussions, held at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, were streamed live from the Bulletin{{'}}s website and can still be viewed there.{{cite web|title=5th Doomsday Clock Symposium|url=http://thebulletin.org/multimedia/2013-doomsday-clock-symposium|website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|access-date=September 14, 2013|archive-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803024636/http://thebulletin.org/multimedia/2013-doomsday-clock-symposium|url-status=live}} Reflecting international events dangerous to humankind, the Clock has been adjusted 25 times since its inception in 1947, when it was set to "seven minutes to midnight".{{cite news |date=January 10, 2012 |title=Doomsday Clock ticks closer to midnight |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/checkpoint-washington/post/doomsday-clock-ticks-closer-to-midnight/2012/01/10/gIQAXpKfoP_blog.html |access-date=January 10, 2012 |archive-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204230520/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/checkpoint-washington/post/doomsday-clock-ticks-closer-to-midnight/2012/01/10/gIQAXpKfoP_blog.html |url-status=live }}
The Doomsday Clock has become a universally recognized metaphor according to The Two-Way, an NPR blog.{{cite news|title=Doomsday Clock Moves Closer To Midnight, We're 2 Minutes From World Annihilation|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/25/580670125/doomsday-clock-moves-closer-to-midnight-were-2-minutes-from-world-annihilation|access-date=January 29, 2018|work=The Two-Way|publisher=NPR|date=January 25, 2018|archive-date=December 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209060424/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/25/580670125/doomsday-clock-moves-closer-to-midnight-were-2-minutes-from-world-annihilation|url-status=live}} According to the Bulletin, the Clock attracts more daily visitors to the Bulletin
Basis for settings
"Midnight" has a deeper meaning besides the constant threat of war. There are various elements taken into consideration when the scientists from the Bulletin decide what Midnight and "global catastrophe" really mean in a particular year. They might include "politics, energy, weapons, diplomacy, and climate science";{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/26/511592700/the-doomsday-clock-is-now-30-seconds-closer-to-midnight|title=The Doomsday Clock Is Reset: Closest To Midnight Since The 1950s|work=NPR.org|access-date=April 18, 2017|archive-date=November 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127221534/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/26/511592700/the-doomsday-clock-is-now-30-seconds-closer-to-midnight|url-status=live}} potential sources of threat include nuclear threats, climate change, bioterrorism, and artificial intelligence.{{cite magazine|last1=Reynolds|first1=Emily|title=What is the Doomsday Clock and why does it matter?|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-the-doomsday-clock|access-date=January 29, 2018|date=January 25, 2018|magazine=Wired|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203183526/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-the-doomsday-clock|url-status=live}} Members of the board judge Midnight by discussing how close they think humanity is to the end of civilization. In 1947, at the beginning of the Cold War, the Clock was started at seven minutes to midnight.
Fluctuations and threats
Before January 2020, the two tied-for-lowest points for the Doomsday Clock were in 1953 (when the Clock was set to two minutes until midnight, after the U.S. and the Soviet Union began testing hydrogen bombs) and in 2018, following the failure of world leaders to address tensions relating to nuclear weapons and climate change issues. In other years, the Clock's time has fluctuated from 17 minutes in 1991 to 2 minutes 30 seconds in 2017. Discussing the change in 2017, Lawrence Krauss, one of the scientists from the Bulletin, warned that political leaders must make decisions based on facts, and those facts "must be taken into account if the future of humanity is to be preserved". In an announcement from the Bulletin about the status of the Clock, they went as far to call for action from "wise" public officials and "wise" citizens to make an attempt to steer human life away from catastrophe while humans still can.
On January 24, 2018, scientists moved the clock to two minutes to midnight, based on threats greatest in the nuclear realm. The scientists said, of recent moves by North Korea under Kim Jong-un and the administration of Donald Trump in the U.S.: "Hyperbolic rhetoric and provocative actions by both sides have increased the possibility of nuclear war by accident or miscalculation".{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/25/politics/doomsday-clock-closer-nuclear-midnight/index.html|title='Doomsday clock' ticks closer to apocalyptic midnight|last=Koran|first=Laura|work=CNN|date=January 25, 2018|access-date=January 25, 2018|archive-date=November 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103111015/https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/25/politics/doomsday-clock-closer-nuclear-midnight/index.html|url-status=live}}
The clock was left unchanged in 2019 due to the twin threats of nuclear weapons and climate change, and the problem of those threats being "exacerbated this past year by the increased use of information warfare to undermine democracy around the world, amplifying risk from these and other threats and putting the future of civilization in extraordinary danger".
On January 23, 2020, the Clock was moved to 100 seconds (1 minute, 40 seconds) before midnight. The Bulletin{{'}}s executive chairman, Jerry Brown, said "the dangerous rivalry and hostility among the superpowers increases the likelihood of nuclear blunder... Climate change just compounds the crisis". The "100 seconds to midnight" setting remained unchanged in 2021 and 2022.
On January 24, 2023, the Clock was moved to 90 seconds (1 minute, 30 seconds) before midnight, which was largely attributed to the risk of nuclear escalation that arose from the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Other reasons cited included climate change, biological threats such as COVID-19, and risks associated with disinformation and disruptive technologies.
On January 28, 2025, the Clock was moved to 89 seconds (1 minute, 29 seconds) before midnight, the closest it has ever been set to midnight since its inception in 1947.{{cite news |last=Lukiv |first=Jaroslav |date=January 28, 2025 |title=Doomsday Clock moved closest ever to destruction |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgmkdz0297o.amp |publisher=BBC News |access-date=January 28, 2025}}
Criticism
In 2016, Anders Sandberg of the Future of Humanity Institute has stated that the "grab bag of threats" currently mixed together by the Clock can induce paralysis.{{cite news|title=Is the Doomsday Clock Still Relevant?|url=https://www.livescience.com/53801-doomsday-clock-relevance.html|access-date=January 29, 2018|work=Live Science|date=February 24, 2016|archive-date=November 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102194713/https://www.livescience.com/53801-doomsday-clock-relevance.html|url-status=live}} People may be more likely to succeed at smaller, incremental challenges; for example, taking steps to prevent the accidental detonation of nuclear weapons was a small but significant step towards avoiding nuclear war.{{cite news|last1=Chan|first1=Sewell|author1-link=Sewell Chan|title=Doomsday Clock Is Set at 2 Minutes to Midnight, Closest Since 1950s|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/world/americas/doomsday-clock-nuclear-scientists.html|access-date=January 29, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=2018|archive-date=January 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104070343/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/world/americas/doomsday-clock-nuclear-scientists.html|url-status=live}} Alex Barasch in Slate argued that "putting humanity on a permanent, blanket high-alert isn't helpful when it comes to policy or science" and criticized the Bulletin for neither explaining nor attempting to quantify their methodology.
Cognitive psychologist Steven Pinker harshly criticized the Doomsday Clock as a political stunt, pointing to the words of its founder that its purpose was "to preserve civilization by scaring men into rationality". He stated that it is inconsistent and not based on any objective indicators of security, using as an example its being farther from midnight in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis than in the "far calmer 2007". He argued it was another example of humanity's tendency toward historical pessimism, and compared it to other predictions of self-destruction that went unfulfilled.{{cite book |last1=Pinker |first1= Steven |author1-link=Steven Pinker |title= Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress |date=2019 |publisher=Penguin |isbn= 978-0-14-311138-2 |pages= 308–11 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R5KADwAAQBAJ}}
Conservative media outlets have often criticized the Bulletin and the Doomsday Clock. Keith Payne wrote 2010 in the National Review that the Clock overestimated the effects of "developments in the areas of nuclear testing and formal arms control".{{cite news|title=Precision Prediction|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/228975/precision-prediction-keith-b-payne|access-date=January 29, 2018|work=National Review|date=January 18, 2010|archive-date=January 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125081901/https://www.nationalreview.com/2010/01/precision-prediction-keith-b-payne/|url-status=live}} In 2018, Tristin Hopper in the National Post acknowledged that "there are plenty of things to worry about regarding climate change", but states that climate change is not in the same league as total nuclear destruction.{{cite news|title=Why the Doomsday Clock is an idiotic indicator the world's media should ignore|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/why-the-doomsday-clock-is-an-idiotic-indicator-the-worlds-media-should-ignore|access-date=January 29, 2018|work=National Post|date=January 25, 2018|archive-date=June 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602125828/https://nationalpost.com/news/world/why-the-doomsday-clock-is-an-idiotic-indicator-the-worlds-media-should-ignore|url-status=live}} In addition, some critics accuse the Bulletin of pushing a political agenda.{{cite news|title=Doomsday Clock moves closer to midnight|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doomsday-clock-destroying-civilization-scientists-president-trump/|work=CBS News|access-date=January 29, 2018|date=January 26, 2017|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203183528/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doomsday-clock-destroying-civilization-scientists-president-trump/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-doomsday-clock-measures-liberal-angst-not-global-risk/|title=The Famed 'Doomsday Clock' Is Little More Than A Liberal Angst Meter|newspaper=Investor's Business Daily|date=January 25, 2019|access-date=September 26, 2020|archive-date=December 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229131818/https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/the-doomsday-clock-measures-liberal-angst-not-global-risk/|url-status=live}}
Timeline
In popular culture
{{Redirect|Minutes to Midnight}}
- "Seven Minutes to Midnight", a 1980 single by Wah! Heat, refers to that year's change of the Doomsday Clock from nine to seven minutes to midnight.
- Australian rock band Midnight Oil's 1984 LP Red Sails in the Sunset features a song called "Minutes to Midnight", and the album's cover shows an aerial-view rendering of Sydney after a nuclear strike.
- The title of Iron Maiden's 1984 song "2 Minutes to Midnight" is a reference to the Doomsday Clock.{{cite magazine |last=Bowen |first=LB |date=January 24, 2017 |title=Doomsday Clock: Iron Maiden – Two Minutes to Midnight|url=https://onstagemagazine.com/iron-maiden-doomsday-clock|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115221951/https://onstagemagazine.com/iron-maiden-doomsday-clock/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 15, 2018|magazine=OnStage Magazine|access-date=February 11, 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Ihnat|first1=Gwen|title=The people behind the Doomsday Clock explain why we're so close to midnight|url=https://www.avclub.com/the-people-behind-the-doomsday-clock-explain-why-we-re-1798258266|access-date=January 29, 2018|work=AUX (The A.V. Club)|date=February 23, 2017|archive-date=January 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141323/https://aux.avclub.com/the-people-behind-the-doomsday-clock-explain-why-we-re-1798258266|url-status=live}}
- The Doomsday Clock appears in the beginning of the 1985 music video for "Russians" by Sting.
- The 1986 short story "The End of the Whole Mess" by Stephen King refers to the Doomsday Clock being set at fifteen seconds before midnight due to elevated geopolitical tension.{{cite book |last=King |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen King |date=1993 |title=Nightmares & Dreamscapes |location=New York |publisher=Scribner |page=97 |isbn=978-1-5011-9203-6 |quote=The saber-rattling had become a din. On the last day of the old year the Scientists for Nuclear Responsibility had set their black clock to fifteen seconds before midnight.}}
- The Doomsday Clock was a recurring visual theme in Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons's seminal Watchmen graphic novel series (1986–87), its 2009 film adaptation, and its 2019 television miniseries sequel. Additionally its sequel series, which takes place in the main DC Universe, borrows the title.
- The title of Linkin Park's 2007 album Minutes to Midnight is a reference to the Doomsday Clock.{{Cite news |url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/linkin_park_makes_minutes_to_midnight_count |title=Linkin Park Makes 'Minutes to Midnight' Count |last=Rodriguez |first=Dana |date=May 25, 2007 |work=BMI.com |access-date=June 5, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113029/https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/linkin_park_makes_minutes_to_midnight_count |url-status=live }} Their music video for "Shadow of the Day" from Minutes to Midnight, represents the Doomsday Clock as an actual clock with it reaching midnight at the end of the video.
- In the Flobots' song "The Circle in the Square", the lyrics say "the clock is now 11:55 on the big hand", which was the Doomsday Clock's setting in 2012 when the song was released.{{Citation |title=Flobots – The Circle in the Square |url=https://genius.com/Flobots-the-circle-in-the-square-lyrics |language=en |access-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209053059/https://genius.com/Flobots-the-circle-in-the-square-lyrics |url-status=live }}
- The title of the 1982 Doctor Who episode "Four to Doomsday" references the Doomsday Clock. In the 2017 episode "The Pyramid at the End of the World", the Monks changed every clock in the world to three minutes to midnight as a warning about what will happen if humanity does not accept their help. Representatives of the three most powerful armies on Earth agreed not to fight each other, believing a potential war is the catastrophe. However, the clock remained displaying two minutes to midnight. After the Doctor averted the true catastrophe – an accidental bacteriological disaster –, the clock began moving backwards.{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4NRq50lCNJd82TLRjNxYjHT/the-pyramid-at-the-end-of-the-world-the-fact-file | title = The Pyramid at the End of the World: The Fact File | access-date = May 27, 2017 | work = BBC | archive-date = May 29, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170529140659/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4NRq50lCNJd82TLRjNxYjHT/the-pyramid-at-the-end-of-the-world-the-fact-file | url-status = live }}
- The Doomsday Clock is featured in Yael Bartana's What if Women Ruled the World, which premiered on July{{nbsp}}5, 2017 at the Manchester International Festival.{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/jul/10/what-if-women-ruled-the-world-review-yael-bartana-manchester-international-festival |title=What If Women Ruled the World? review – Kubrick meets covfefe as catastrophe strikes |last=Judah |first=Hettie |date=July 10, 2017 |work=The Guardian |access-date=July 26, 2017 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=July 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726012222/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/jul/10/what-if-women-ruled-the-world-review-yael-bartana-manchester-international-festival |url-status=live }}
- One minute to midnight on the Doomsday Clock is heavily referenced in the grime/punk crossover song "Effed" by Nottingham rapper Snowy and Jason Williamson of Sleaford Mods. Because of the track's political content, there was an initial reluctance from mainstream radio stations to play the track before the 2019 United Kingdom general election. However, the track was later championed by a number of BBC Radio DJs, including punk innovator Iggy Pop.{{Cite web|url=https://notion.online/effed-by-snowy-feat-jason-williamson/|title="EFFED" by Snowy feat. Jason Williamson|website=genius.com|date=November 21, 2019|access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224171907/https://notion.online/effed-by-snowy-feat-jason-williamson/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://genius.com/Snowy-and-jason-williamson-effed-lyrics|title=Snowy & Jason Williamson (Ft. Jason Williamson & Snowy) – EFFED|access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-date=March 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320044256/https://genius.com/Snowy-and-jason-williamson-effed-lyrics|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000d1lz|title=BBC Radio 6 Music - Iggy Pop, Iggy Confidential with a track from his album of 2019|work=BBC|access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308152816/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000d1lz|url-status=live}}
- In the Criminal Minds season 13 episode "The Bunker", the unsubs abduct women using the Doomsday Clock.
- The Madam Secretary season 2 episode "On the Clock" features the Doomsday Clock, as the characters try to keep it from moving forward.
- The character Bezel in Chikn Nuggit is a personification of the Doomsday Clock.
See also
- {{annotated link|Apocalypticism}}
- {{annotated link|The Bomb (film)|The Bomb}}
- {{annotated link|Climate apocalypse}}
- {{annotated link|Climate Clock}}
- {{annotated link|DEFCON}}
- {{annotated link|Doomsday device}}
- {{annotated link|Eschatology}}
- {{annotated link|Extinction symbol}}
- {{annotated link|Metronome (public artwork)|Metronome}}
- {{annotated link|Mutual assured destruction}}
- {{annotated link|New World Order conspiracy theory|New World Order}}
- {{annotated link|Nuclear terrorism}}
- {{annotated link|Pax Atomica}}
- {{annotated link|Svalbard Global Seed Vault}}
- {{annotated link|World Scientists' Warning to Humanity}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
- {{Official website}}
- [https://thebulletin.org Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]
- [https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/past-announcements/ Timeline of the Doomsday Clock]
{{Doomsday}}