Doradidae
{{Short description|Family of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Amblydoras monitor.jpg
| image_caption = Amblydoras monitor
| taxon = Doradidae
| authority = Bleeker, 1858
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ref = {{cite journal|url=http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf|title=Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types|first=Carl J. Jr.|last=Ferraris|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1418|pages=1–628|year=2007|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1 |access-date=2009-06-24}}
| subdivision = Acanthodoras
OssancoraBirindelli, J.L.O. & Sabaj Pérez, M. (2011): Ossancora, new genus of thorny catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Doradidae) with description of one new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 161: 117–152.
TenellusBirindelli, J.L.O. (2014): Phylogenetic relationships of the South American Doradoidea (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes). Neotropical Ichthyology 12(3): 451–564.
}}
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.
Doradids are omnivorous.{{cite journal |last1=Milhomem |first1=Susana Suely Rodrigues |last2=de Souza |first2=Augusto Cesar Paes |last3=Nascimento |first3=Aline Lira do |last4=Carvalho |first4=Jaime Ribeiro Jr. |last5=Feldberg |first5=Eliana |last6=Pieczarka |first6=Julio Cesar |last7=Nagamachi |first7=Cleusa Yoshiko |journal=Genetics and Molecular Biology |volume=31 |pages=256–260 |year=2008 |doi=10.1590/S1415-47572008000200017 |title=Cytogenetic studies in fishes of the genera Hassar, Platydoras and Opsodoras (Doradidae, Siluriformes) from Jarí and Xingu Rivers, Brazil|doi-access=free}}
Taxonomy
As of 2007, 31 genera and 78 species are in this family.{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01446p042.pdf|title=Merodoras nheco, new genus and species from Rio Paraguay basin, Brazil (Siluriformes, Doradidae), and nomination of the new subfamily Astrodoradinae|first=Horácio|last=Higuchi|author2=Birindelli, José L. O. |author3=Sousa, Leandro M. |author4= Britski, Heraldo A. |journal=Zootaxa|volume=1446|pages=31–42|year=2007|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1446.1.3 |s2cid=86157696 |access-date=2009-06-24}} Wertheimeria is considered to be the sister taxon to all other doradids.{{cite journal|title=The karyotypes of the thorny catfishes Wertheimeria maculata Steindachner, 1877 and Hassar wilderi Kindle, 1895 (Siluriformes: Doradidae) and their relevance in doradids chromosomal evolution|first=Eduardo S.|last=Eler|author2=Dergam, Jorge A. |author3=Vênere, Paulo C. |author4=Paiva, Lílian C. |author5=Miranda, Gabriela A. |author6= Oliveira, Alessandro A. |journal=Genetica|year=2007|volume=130|pages=99–103|doi=10.1007/s10709-006-0023-4|pmid=16897457|issue=1|s2cid=9573024 |url=http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22345}} This family is monophyletic and contains the subfamilies Doradinae, Astrodoradinae and Wertheimerinae.
The Astrodoradinae contain the genera Amblydoras, Anadoras, Astrodoras, Hypodoras, Merodoras, Physopyxis, and Scorpiodoras.
Distribution
Doradids occur in most South American basins, though they are absent from the Pacific Coast drainages and from coastal drainages south of the Río de la Plata. About 70% of the valid species occur in the Amazon basin; the Orinoco basin harbors about 22 species and ranks second in species richness. Conversely, only two species of doradids have been described from Brazilian eastern coastal basins: Wertheimeria maculata from the Jequitinhonha and Pardo rivers and Kalyptodoras bahiensis from the Paraguaçu River.
Appearance and anatomy
Doradids are easily recognized by a well-developed nuchal shield in front of the dorsal fin, as well as well-developed bony lumps along the lateral line that form thorny scutes. Also, doradids typically have three pairs of barbels (no nasal barbels), an adipose fin, and four to six rays on the dorsal fin with a spine on the anterior (first) ray.{{cite book|title=Fishes of the World|last=Nelson|first=Joseph S.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|year=2006|isbn=0-471-25031-7}} These fish are sometimes called "talking catfish" because of their ability to produce sound by moving their pectoral spine or vibrating their swim bladder. Sizes range from {{convert|3.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} SL in Physopyxis lyra to {{convert|120|cm|in|abbr=on}} FL and {{convert|20|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in Oxydoras niger.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons}}
- [http://www.scotcat.com/articles/article58.htm The Family Doradidae or "Talking Catfishes"] Article on Scotcat.com by Chris Ralph
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