Dorothy Pizer

The daughter of a tailor who had left school at 15, Dorothy Pizer grew up in a household without books in London's East End.Leslie Elaine James, [http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/399/1/James_What%20we%20put%20in%20black%20and%20white.pdf "'What we put in black and white': George Padmore and the practice of anti-imperial politics"], PhD thesis, The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2012, p. 144. Since she had been too poor to accept a scholarship, her education was limited. Yet she later learnt stenography, became a business secretary,{{cite book|first=James R. |last=Hooker|title=Black Revolutionary: George Padmore's path from communism to pan-Africanism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W2caAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=29 October 2012|year=1967|publisher=Praeger|page=48}} and became fluent in French.

Pizer's brother was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), and she became involved with the CPGB in the 1930s. Through party contacts she met George Padmore in 1937, and by the end of World War II the pair were living together. She was always treated as Padmore's wife, although they were never formally married, and he had a former wife, Julia Semper. Dorothy supported the couple financially by continuing to work as a secretary during the day. She typed the manuscript of C. L. R. James's book World Revolution (1937),{{cite book|first=Hakim|last= Adi|author-link1 = Hakim Adi|author2=Marika Sherwood|authorlink2 = Marika Sherwood|title=Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KG5sPR-2POgC&pg=PA154|access-date=1 November 2012|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-41780-5|page=154}} and also typed manuscripts for her husband.{{cite book|editor1-first=Jerry W.|editor1-last=Ward|editor2-first=Robert J.|editor2-last=Butler|title=The Richard Wright Encyclopedia|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlQ0SS4XEYYC&pg=PA295|access-date=1 November 2012|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35519-6|page=295|chapter=Padmore, Dorothy (?–1966)}}

Publishing was one of the main strategies adopted by black intellectuals in challenging the foundations of British colonial rule,{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ROotAQAAIAAJ|title=Ending British Rule in Africa: Writers in a Common Cause|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7190-7767-8|first=Carol |last=Polsgrove|access-date=30 October 2012}} and Pizer's skills enabled her to play an important role in this global political struggle:{{quote|She has been praised for her tireless work as a secretary to provide a living for Padmore, her typing efforts on his manuscripts, and her reputation as a consummate hostess and excellent chef for the revolving door of African and West Indian nationalists who came to their home. Yet she was much more than this. Their relationship was both a practical and an intellectual partnership. It was a companionship in which ideas could be debated and strategies worked out.}}

She transcribed the conversations between Padmore and Nancy Cunard on race relations and decolonisation that became their pamphlet The White Man's Duty: An Analysis of the Colonial Question in the Light of the Atlantic Charter (London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1942).{{cite thesis|url=https://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61105/1/(2018.05.18)%20Greenshields,%20Jenny.pdf|title=Nancy Cunard: Collector, Cosmopolitan|first=Jenny|last=Greenshields|publisher=University of Sussex|date= February 2015|page=174|access-date=21 May 2022|type=thesis }} In 1946, How Russia Transformed her Colonial Empire was published by Dennis Dobson as a collaboration between Pizer and Padmore, with her name appearing on the title page.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtVoAAAAMAAJ|title=How Russia Transformed Her Colonial Empire: A Challenge to the Imperialist Powers|publisher=Dennis Dobson|date=1946|pages=|via=Google Books}}Polsgrove, p. 85.

From 1941 to 1957 the Padmores shared a flat at 22 Cranleigh Street in Camden, London. It became a mecca for visiting pan-Africanists and leftists including Kwame Nkrumah, Eric Williams, Jomo Kenyatta, and Joe Appiah.{{cite journal|author-link=Cameron Duodu|first=Cameron|last=Duodu|url=http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/74465 |title=George Padmore commemorated with plaque in London|journal=Pambazuka News|issue=537|date= 30 June 2011}} The Padmores first met Richard Wright and his wife in 1947, and over the next decade the couples often visited each other in London and Paris. In 1953 Dorothy persuaded Wright to visit the Gold Coast, where George had already started advising Kwame Nkrumah in his plans for its independence as Ghana.{{cite book|first=S. |last=Shankar|editor1-first=Virginia |editor1-last=Whatley Smith|title=Richard Wright's Travel Writings: New Reflections|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ue_cBbnEahIC&pg=PA15|access-date=1 November 2012|date=31 January 2012|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-57806-931-6|pages=15–16|chapter=Colonial Politics and the Travel Narrative}}

Dorothy herself visited the Gold Coast for the first time in 1954, and in 1957 the Padmores moved to Ghana permanently as special advisers to Kwame Nkrumah.{{cite book|first=Michel |last=Fabre|title=The World of Richard Wright|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHCsMBvyvbkC&pg=PA256|access-date=1 November 2012|date=26 November 2007|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-60473-012-8|pages=256–261|chapter=Appendix D. A Letter from Dorothy Padmore}} At the time of her husband's premature death in 1959, Dorothy Padmore was visiting W. E. B. Du Bois and his wife Shirley in New York.{{cite book|first=Yevette |last=Richards|title=Conversations With Maida Springer: A Personal History of Labor, Race, and International Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHVD3fs652EC&pg=PA151|accessdate=1 November 2012|year=2004|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|isbn=978-0-8229-4231-3|page=151}} Dorothy returned to Accra for her husband's state funeral, in which his ashes were buried at Christiansborg Castle,{{cite book|first=Kevin K. |last=Gaines|title=American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyM9WgZChF0C&pg=PA108|access-date=1 November 2012|year=2006|publisher=UNC Press Books|isbn=978-0-8078-3008-6|page=108}} and she continued to live in Ghana as an adviser to Nkrumah. She planned but never completed a biography of her husband, collecting notes and papers relating to him.Polsgrove, p. 117. According to historian Leslie James, the unfinished biography of Padmore that C. L. R, James had hoped to write maintained that "Padmore was the man he was because of the tremendous assistance he had from Dorothy."{{cite web|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2022/03/10/book-extract-leslie-james-introduces-the-new-edition-of-nkrumah-and-the-ghana-revolution-by-c-l-r-james/|title=Book extract: Leslie James introduces the new edition of Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution by C. L. R. James|first=Dr Leslie|last=James|website=LSE|date=10 March 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022}}

On 22 November 1964, aged 58,{{cite book|title=Ghana Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asEqAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 November 2012|volume=8|year=1964}} she died in Accra from a heart attack. After her death, Nkrumah took some of the papers that she had collected relating to her husband, and the papers subsequently made their way to Howard University.

A plaque commemorating George Padmore was installed outside their former flat in 2011, organised by the Nubian Jak Community Trust. Selma James, the widow of C. L. R. James, spoke honouring Dorothy as well as George at the unveiling: {{quote|Every anti-colonial activist organizing against British imperialism came [here].... George and Dorothy would give dinners to all the people who came to them. They were in the struggle together for many years – dedicated internationalists and socialists.{{cite news|first=Josie|last= Hinton|url=http://www.camdennewjournal.com/news/2011/jun/blue-plaque-pays-tribute-pan-africanist-george-padmore |title=Blue Plaque pays tribute to Pan-Africanist George Padmore|newspaper=Camden New Journal|date= 30 June 2011}}}}

• "How Blacks Fought for Freedom", International African Opinion, Vol. 1. No. 4 (October 1938), p. 11.
• "A Lesson in Revolution" (review of C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins), Controversy, Vol. 38 (January 1939), pp. 318–20.
• (with George Padmore) How Russia Transformed her Colonial Empire: A Challenge to the Imperialist Powers, London: Dennis Dobson, 177 pages, 1946.
• "Centenary of a Black Republic", Socialist Leader, 16 August 1947.

{{Reflist|30em}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20121028220506/http://beineckeroom26.library.yale.edu/2010/07/ Photo of Pizer with Padmore and Richard Wright in Ghana]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111840/http://www.camdennewjournal.com/news/2011/jun/blue-plaque-pays-tribute-pan-africanist-george-padmore Photo of commemorative plaque outside her London home]
• [https://radicalheritage.wordpress.com/dorothy-pizer/ "Dorothy Pizer"]. Radical Heritage: The Secret History of Protest and Activism on our Streets.

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Category:1900s births

Category:Year of birth uncertain

Category:1964 deaths

Category:Black British history

Category:British anti-racism activists

Category:British expatriates in Ghana

Category:British Jews

Category:Jewish British anti-racism activists

Category:Jewish socialists

Category:People from the London Borough of Camden