Draft:Nicola Parente

File:View of Marsico-Nuovo in the province of Basilicata (1844).jpg

Nicola Parente was born on 13 March 1847 in Marsico Nuovo, in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, before the unification of Italy.{{ cite web | url=https://www.antenati.san.beniculturali.it/ark:/12657/an_ua18948632 | title=Atto di Nascita – Stato civile della restaurazione > Marsico Nuovo | lang=it | pages=65–66 (fol. 63) | date=15 March 1847 | website=The Ancestors Portal | access-date=2025-03-14 }} His parents were Giovannantonio Parente, 33, landowner{{efn|"{{lang|it|possidente}}"}} and Maria Carmela Perci, 28.

There are conflicting accounts for Nicola Parente's first arrival to Brazil. Some sources claim 1865, migrating with his family from the Port of Genoa.{{ cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhcxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT239 | title=Participação Italiana no Cinema Brasileiro | lang=pt-br | first=Maximo | last=Barro | year=2017 | publisher=Editora SESI - Serviço Social da Indústria | isbn=9788582058596 }}{{ cite book | title=Memória do Cinema: Os Ambulantes no Brasil – Cinema Itinerante no Brasil (1895–1914) | trans-title=Cinema Memory: The Wanderers of Brazil – Itinerant Cinema in Brazil (1895–1914) | first=Ary Bezerra | last=Leite | date=May 2011 | location=Fortaleza | publisher=Premius Editora | ol=OL24980908M | isbn=9788575645383 }}{{rp|p=103}} Local newspapers place Parente arriving in Rio de Janeiro at least as early as 25 March 1871.{{ cite web | url=http://memoria.bn.gov.br/DocReader/094170_02/27099 | title=Entradas no dia 25 | lang=pt-br | trans-title=Entries on the 25th | page=3 | publisher=Diário do Rio de Janeiro | volume=54 | issue=84 | date=1871-03-26 | access-date=2025-03-14 }}

Parente purportedly arrived to Taquari in 1876,{{ cite thesis | url=https://docplayer.com.br/storage/73/68874175/1668912155/Ip0FBjVRTTOQO6IyY_pNpQ/68874175.pdf | title=Raízes Italianas no Desenvolvimento da Amazônia, 1870-1950: Pioneirismo Econômico e Identidade | lang=pt-br | first=Marília Ferreira | last=Emmi | year=2007 | publisher=Federal University of Pará | location=Belém | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120022042/https://docplayer.com.br/storage/73/68874175/1668912155/Ip0FBjVRTTOQO6IyY_pNpQ/68874175.pdf | archive-date=2022-11-20 | access-date=2025-03-14 }}{{rp|p=130}} and a source claims that only then did family members migrate alongside him from Europe.{{ cite book | title=A Tela Prateada: Cinema em Fortaleza – 1897-1959 | lang=pt-br | trans-title=The Silver Screen: Cinema in Fortaleza – 1897-1959 | first=Ary Bezerra | last=Leite | year=2011 | location=Fortaleza | ol=OL24980889M | isbn=9788588828766 }}{{rp|p=35}} In Taquari, he had at least four children with Maria Carolina Rotundo: Galileo, in 1877;{{ cite web | url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939N-HKS9-VY?i=17 | title=Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, Registros da Igreja Católica, 1738-1952 > Taquari > São José > Batismos 1877, Abr-1879, Ago | website=FamilySearch | lang=pt-br | page=18 (fol.15) | date=1877-10-07 | access-date=2025-03-15 | quote=[...] baptisei solenmente a Galileo, nascido no dia cinco d'Agosto de mil oitocentos e setenta e sete }} Galvani, in 1878;{{ cite web | url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939N-HK91-GV?i=28 | title=Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, Registros da Igreja Católica, 1738-1952 > Taquari > São José > Batismos 1879, Ago-1881, Nov | website=FamilySearch | lang=pt-br | page=29 (fol.26) | date=1880-01-20 | access-date=2025-03-15 | quote=[...] baptisei solenemente a Galvani, nascido no dia desenove de Novembro de mil oitocentos e setenta e oito [...]; baptisei solenmente a Margarida, nascida no dia desenove do dito mes e anno [...]; baptisei solenemente a Timotheo, nascido no dia desenove do dito mes e ano }} and the twins Margarida and Timotheo, in 1880.

File:Photographia Vesuvio - Retrato de Zacarias Milhazes.jpg

On 1 January 1881, Parente inaugurated a photographic studio, {{lang|pt|Photographia Italo-Brazileira}} ({{lit|Italian-Brazilian Photography}}).{{ cite web | url=https://hemeroteca2.cultura.sc.gov.br/docreader/887790/189 | title=Abre-se hoje á rua do senado n. 39 a photographia italo-brazileira [...] | lang=pt-br | page=3 | issue=1 | publisher=Jornal do Commercio | date=1881-01-01 | access-date=2025-03-14 }} Later that year, newspaper reports cite Parente as having taken portrait photographs during a previous visit 6 years earlier, in 1875.{{ cite web | url=https://hemeroteca2.cultura.sc.gov.br/docreader/887790/644 | title=Temos visto muitos retratos tirados há seis anos pelo sr. N. Parente [...] | lang=pt-br | page=3 | volume=2 | issue=123 | publisher=Jornal do Commercio | date=1881-06-14 | access-date=2025-03-14 }} These photographs were described as being "as perfect as if they had been taken right now", and their quality was attributed to the pureness of the chemicals Parente used.

File:Photographia Vesuvio - Retrato de America.jpg

From 1888 onwards, Parente worked in Goiana, Pedras de Fogo and João Pessoa as a dentist and photographer.{{ cite web | url=http://memoria.bn.gov.br/DocReader/808865/493 | title=Dentista | lang=pt-br | publisher=Gazeta da Parahyba | location=Parahyba do Norte | page=1 | volume=1 | issue=129 | date=1888-10-12 | access-date=2025-03-14 }}{{ cite book | title=Cinema na Paraíba, cinema da Paraíba | lang=pt-br | first=Wills | last=Leal | location=João Pessoa | year=2007 | volume=1 | pages=28–31 | ol=OL45255452M }}{{rp|p=30}} In João Pessoa, Parente opened a studio called {{lang|pt|Photographia Vesuvio}}.{{rp|p=30}}{{rp|p=104}}

In the mid-1890s, Parente travels to Europe and purchases the Lumière brothers' recently invented {{lang|fr|Cinématographe}}, a film projector, as well as some films shot by the Lumière.{{rp|p=100}}{{ cite book | title=História do teatro da Paraíba: só a saudade perdura, 1831-1908 | lang=pt-br | first=Walfredo | last=Rodriguez | year=1960 | publisher=Imprensa Oficial | ol=OL3105254M }}{{rp|p=16}} In 1897, Parente begins his wandering projections in Belém;{{ cite web | url=https://lupa.uff.br/exibidores-ambulantes-no-brasil/ | title=Exibidores ambulantes no Brasil | lang=pt-br | website=Laboratório Universitário de Preservação Audiovisual (LUPA)/UFF | access-date=17 March 2025 }} on 28 July, Parente brings cinema to João Pessoa, the first time in the city's (and the state's) history.{{ cite book | url=https://livrosdefotografia.org/publicacao/@id/7621 | title=História da fotografia no Ceará do século XIX | lang=pt-br | first=Ary Bezerra | last=Leite | location=Fortaleza | year=2019 | isbn=9786590122704 | ol=OL44048765M }}{{rp|p=345}}{{rp|p=28}} Among the films exhibited at that inaugural projection were the following:{{ cite web | url=http://memoria.bn.gov.br/DocReader/171239/2267 | title=O Cinematographo | lang=pt-br | publisher=A União | volume=5 | issue=1132 | location=Paraíba | page=3 | date=28 July 1897 | access-date=17 March 2025 | quote=Cenas como: O Jubileu da Rainha Victoria na Inglaterra, Desfilada e manobras de diversos batalhões Europeus, Chegada de um trem na Estação de Paris, Os banhos de alvorada em Milano, Elefantes em um Boulevard em Paris, Panoramas da praça S. Marcos e diversos canais com chegadas de gôndolas em Venezia, Cortejo ao casamento do Principe de Napoles, Guerreiros Romanos e Abyssinios, Batalha de Neve, Dragons a cavalo atravessando um grande rio, Palhaços em cena executando graciosos equilíbrios, Corridas em sacos, Jogos do Tric-trac, enfim, tudo que há de belo em nosso globo }}

• {{lang|fr|Le cortège}} (in 7 views: [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/le-cortege-la-reine/ 490], [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/le-cortege-les-princes-etrangers/ 491], [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/le-cortege-les-ambassadeurs/ 492], [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/le-cortege-les-gardes-du-corps-et-la-musique-des-dragons/ 493], [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/le-cortege-lartillerie-de-marine/ 494], [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/le-cortege-les-cavaliers-du-cap/ 495], [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/le-cortege-lartillerie-a-cheval/ 496]);

• {{lang|fr|Bains de Diane}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/bains-de-diane/ 277]);
• {{lang|fr|Éléphants}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/elephants/ 44]);
• {{lang|fr|Panorama du Grand Canal pris d'un bateau}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/panorama-grand-canal-venise/ 295]);
• {{lang|fr|Panorama de la place Saint-Marc pris d’un bateau}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/panorama-de-la-place-saint-marc-pris-dun-bateau/ 296]);
• {{lang|fr|Cortège au mariage du prince de Naples}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/cortege-au-mariage-du-prince-de-naples/ 283], [https://catalogue-lumiere.com/fin-du-cortege-au-mariage-du-prince-de-naples/ 284]);
• {{lang|fr|Cavalcade (guerriers romains et abyssins)}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/cavalcade-guerriers-romains-et-abyssins/ 24]);
• {{lang|fr|Bataille de neige}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/bataille-de-neige/ 101]);
• {{lang|fr|Dragons traversant la Saône à la nage}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/dragons-traversant-la-saone-a-la-nage/ 186]);

• {{lang|fr|Course en sacs}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/course-en-sacs/ 109]);
• {{lang|fr|Partie de tric-trac}} ([https://catalogue-lumiere.com/partie-de-tric-trac/ 74]).

File:Venise Panorama du Grand Canal 1896.webm|{{lang|fr|Panorama du Grand Canal pris d’un bateau}} (1896)

File:Bataille de neige (1896).webm|{{lang|fr|Bataille de neige}} (1897)

File:Vue 109 - Course en sacs.webm|{{lang|fr|Course en sacs}} (1896)

File:Partie de tric-trac - Film 1896.webm|{{lang|fr|Partie de tric-trac}} (1896)

Parente holds his first film session in Fortaleza on 13 November 1897; it is unclear whether he or Dionísio Costa, another wandering projectionist who similarly brought a Lumière {{lang|fr|Cinématographe}} to the capital at that time, holds the title for the first cinematographic projection in the city.{{rp|p=101}} A few months later, on 16 April 1898, Parente introduces the movies to yet another city, Natal; he remains there until 8 May.{{rp|p=102}}{{rp|p=30}}

On 2 July 1898, Parente becomes the second person to ever project films in Salvador, losing only to Dionísio Costa, who had been there prior to going to Fortaleza.{{ cite web | url=http://memoria.bn.gov.br/DocReader/222216/1714 | title=Cinematographo | lang=pt-br | publisher=Jornal de Notícias | page=1 | date=2 July 1898 | access-date=17 March 2025 }}{{rp|p=40}} In Salvador, besides the moving pictures, Parente also presented "fixed views", which consisted of photographs of buildings, paintings, famous statues and people.{{rp|pp=40–41}} Parente ends his Salvador run on 1 October,{{rp|p=101}} and then moves on to Bragança, being the first to project films there, starting on 6 November 1898.{{rp|p=102}} In 1899, Parente becomes the second person to bring cinema to Campinas.{{rp|p=102}} From 25 April 1899 to 5 May 1899, Parente presents seven films at São Paulo's {{lang|pt|Salão Progredior}}.{{ cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyOsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT35 | title=Salas de cinema e história urbana de São Paulo (1894-1930): o cinema dos engenheiros | lang=pt-br | first=José Inacio de Melo | last=Souza | publisher=Editora Senac São Paulo | year=2019 | isbn=9788539610464 }}

Afterwards, Parente returns to Belém and,{{rp|p=102}} on 10 December 1899, begins projecting in Manaus.{{ cite web | url=http://memoria.bn.gov.br/DocReader/301337/1948 | title=Annuncios - Theatro Amazonas | lang=pt-br | publisher=Commercio do Amazonas | volume=32 | issue=86 | location=Manaus | page=3 | date=14 December 1899 | access-date=17 March 2025 }}

Parente's journey as a wandering projectionist ends in December 1899, after almost 3 years travelling the country. He would present films one last known time at {{lang|pt|Hotel América}}, again in Manaus, on 13 September 1900.{{rp|p=105}}

File:Sepultura de Nicola Parente (2025-03-26) 01.jpg]]

After his wandering projectionist days, Nicola Parente moves to the small town of Abaeté in 1899, to manage a company with his son.{{rp|p=102}}{{rp|p=30}}{{ cite web | url=http://memoria.bn.gov.br/DocReader/800082/211 | title=Correspondencia | lang=pt-br | publisher=Estado do Pará | page=1 | date=29 May 1911 | access-date=17 March 2025 }} While in Abaeté, Parente also resumes working with photography.{{rp|p=103}}

On 19 May 1911, Nicola Parente died of sepsis in a hospital in Belém, following an explosive accident while working with carbide.{{ cite web | url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6RT3-2PMJ | title=Brasil, Pará, Registro Civil, 1815-2013 | at=Entry 1669 (fol.60–61) | website=FamilySearch | access-date=17 March 2025 }}

For his introduction of moving pictures to the state of Paraíba, Nicola Parente was chosen as patron for the #1 chair of the {{lang|pt|Academia Paraibana de Cinema}} ({{lit|Cinema Academy of Paraíba}}),{{ cite web | url=http://www.academiaparaibanadecinema.com.br/site/academia.html | title=Academia Paraibana de Cinema | lang=pt-br | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418062042/http://www.academiaparaibanadecinema.com.br/site/academia.html | archive-date=18 April 2018 | access-date=18 March 2025 }} founded in 2008.{{ cite web | url=https://paraibacriativa.com.br/artista/academia-paraibana-de-cinema-apc/ | title=Academia Paraibana de Cinema – APC | lang=pt-br | first=Jonas do Nascimento | last=dos Santos | website=Paraíba Criativa | date=12 June 2023 | access-date=17 March 2025 }}

{{noteslist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Nicola Parente}}

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