Dreux
{{For|persons with this name|Drogo (disambiguation){{!}}Drogo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Dreux
|commune status = Subprefecture and commune
|image = Dreux village St Pierre.jpg
|caption = Saint-Pierre church
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Dreux (Eure-et-Loir).svg
|arrondissement = Dreux
|INSEE = 28134
|postal code = 28100
|mayor = Pierre-Frédéric Billet{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr}}
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = CA Pays de Dreux
|coordinates = {{coord|48.7372|01.3664|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m =
|elevation min m = 75
|elevation max m = 139
|area km2 = 24.27
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
Dreux ({{IPA|fr|dʁø}}) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
Geography
Dreux lies on the small river Blaise, a tributary of the Eure, about 35 km north of Chartres. Dreux station has rail connections to Argentan, Paris and Granville. The Route nationale 12 (Paris–Rennes) passes north of the town.
History
Dreux was known in ancient times as Durocassium, the capital of the Durocasses Celtic tribe. Despite the legend, its name was not related with Druids. The Romans established here a fortified camp known as Castrum Drocas.
In the Middle Ages, Dreux was the centre of the County of Dreux. The first count of Dreux was Robert, the son of King Louis the Fat. The first large battle of the French Wars of Religion occurred at Dreux, on 19 December 1562, resulting in a hard-fought victory for the Catholic forces of the duc de Montmorency.
In October 1983, the Front National won 55% of the vote in the second round of elections for the city council of Dreux, in one of its first significant electoral victories.{{cite book
| last = Gaspard
| first = Françoise
| title = A Small City in France
| publisher = Harvard University Press
| date = 1995
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hFc26BrCHoQC&q=%22small+city+in+france%22+dreux&pg=PR3
| access-date = 2017-05-05
| isbn = 0-674-81096-1}}
Population
{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS{{Cassini-Ehess|12219|Dreux}} and INSEE (1968–2017)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-28134#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |5383
|1800 |5437
|1806 |6037
|1821 |6032
|1831 |6249
|1836 |6379
|1841 |6367
|1846 |6774
|1851 |6764
|1856 |6498
|1861 |6940
|1866 |7237
|1872 |7418
|1876 |7922
|1881 |8254
|1886 |8719
|1891 |9364
|1896 |9718
|1901 |9697
|1906 |9928
|1911 |10692
|1921 |10908
|1926 |11313
|1931 |12200
|1936 |13361
|1946 |14184
|1954 |16818
|1962 |21588
|1968 |29408
|1975 |33101
|1982 |33379
|1990 |35230
|1999 |31849
|2007 |32155
|2012 |31195
|2017 |31044
}}
Dreux has a significant Muslim population, and is estimated to be around 35%. Dreux's Muslim population consists mainly of North Africans, Arabs, Turks, and Sub-Saharan Africans. Many Muslims in Dreux experience high levels of poverty and unemployment.{{Cite web |last=Kuper |first=Simon |date=August 28, 2007 |title=Where French Muslims battle to integrate |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e9d7de34-5589-11dc-b971-0000779fd2ac |archive-url= |access-date=July 2, 2023 |website=Financial Times}}{{Cite web |date=2007-08-28 |title=Where French Muslims battle to integrate |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e9d7de34-5589-11dc-b971-0000779fd2ac |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=www.ft.com}} One-in-four residents in the town are immigrants.{{Cite web |title=Dreux (Dreux, Eure-et-Loir, France) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/france/eureetloir/dreux/28134__dreux/ |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}
Sights
=Chapelle royale de Dreux=
{{Main|Chapelle royale de Dreux}}
In 1775, the lands of the comté de Dreux had been given to the Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre by his cousin Louis XVI. In 1783, the duke sold his domain of Rambouillet to Louis XVI. On 25 November of that year, in a long religious procession, Penthièvre transferred the nine caskets containing the remains of his parents, the Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse and Marie Victoire de Noailles, comtesse de Toulouse, his wife, Marie Thérèse Félicité d'Este, Princess of Modène, and six of their seven children, from the small medieval village church next to the castle in Rambouillet, to the chapel of the Collégiale Saint-Étienne de Dreux.G. Lenotre, Le Château de Rambouillet, six siècles d'histoire, Calmann-Lévy, Paris, 1930, reprint: Denoël, Paris, 1984, (215 pages), chapter 5: Le prince des pauvres, pp. 78–79 The duc de Penthièvre died in March 1793 and his body was laid to rest in the crypt beside his parents. On 21 November of that same year, in the midst of the French Revolution, a mob desecrated the crypt and threw the ten bodies in a mass grave in the Chanoines cemetery of the Collégiale Saint-Étienne. In 1816, the duc de Penthièvre's daughter, Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, duchesse d'Orléans, had a new chapel built on the site of the mass grave of the Chanoines cemetery, as the final resting place for her family. In 1830, Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, son of the duchesse d'Orléans, embellished the chapel which was renamed Chapelle royale de Dreux, now the necropolis of the Orléans royal family.
{{clear left}}
=Other sights=
- {{Interlanguage link|Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Dreux|fr|lt=Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Dreux}}
- Hôtel de Montulé (16th century)
- Pavilion of Louis XVI
- Hôtel de Salvat-Duhalde (18th century)
- Renaissance Château d'Anet
Personalities
Dreux was the birthplace of:
- Kalifa Cissé, footballer
- Martin Pierre d'Alvimare (1772–1839), composer and harpist
- Charles Delescluze (1809–1871), journalist and military commander of the Paris Commune
- Siraba Dembélé, handball player
- Abdou Dieye, footballer
- Louis Victor Dubois (1837–1914), wine merchant and politician
- Léa Le Garrec, footballer for Fleury and the France national team{{Cite web |last=France |first=Centre |date=2023-06-28 |title=Football / Équipe de France - La Drouaise Léa Le Garrec avant la Coupe du monde : "Il y a une vraie chance à saisir" |url=https://www.lechorepublicain.fr/dreux-28100/sports/la-drouaise-lea-le-garrec-avant-la-coupe-du-monde-il-y-a-une-vraie-chance-a-saisir_14334363/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=www.lechorepublicain.fr}}
- Antoine Godeau (1605–1672), bishop, poet and exegete. He is now known for his work of criticism Discours de la poésie chrétienne from 1633.
- Rémi Gounelle (1967–), Protestant theologian
- Marouan Kechrid, basketball player
- Yannick Lesourd, athlete
- Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps (1774–1849), botanist
- Eddie London (1956–), singer
- François-André Danican Philidor (1726–1795), musician and chess player
- Jean Rotrou (1609–1650), poet and tragedian
- Issa Samba, footballer
- Adrien Trebel (1991–), footballer
- Guerschon Yabusele, professional basketball player
Twin towns - sister cities
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
- {{flagicon|ITA}} Todi, Italy, since 1960
- {{flagicon|GER}} Melsungen, Germany, since 1966
- {{flagicon|BFA}} Koudougou, Burkina Faso, since 1972
- {{flagicon|ENG}} Evesham, England, UK, since 1977
- {{flagicon|GER}} Bautzen, Germany, since 1992
- {{flagicon|POR}} Almeirim, Portugal, since 2018
{{div col end}}
Climate
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Dreux (1996–2010 normals, extremes 1996–2011)
|Jan record high C = 15.2
|Feb record high C = 18.5
|Mar record high C = 22.5
|Apr record high C = 26.6
|May record high C = 31.2
|Jun record high C = 34.3
|Jul record high C = 36.0
|Aug record high C = 39.4
|Sep record high C = 31.7
|Oct record high C = 24.7
|Nov record high C = 18.8
|Dec record high C = 16.8
|Jan record low C = -14.0
|Feb record low C = -9.3
|Mar record low C = -8.3
|Apr record low C = -3.4
|May record low C = -1.0
|Jun record low C = 2.4
|Jul record low C = 6.8
|Aug record low C = 4.4
|Sep record low C = 2.0
|Oct record low C = -4.5
|Nov record low C = -10.0
|Dec record low C = -10.6
|Jan high C = 6.6
|Feb high C = 8.5
|Mar high C = 11.8
|Apr high C = 15.3
|May high C = 19.2
|Jun high C = 22.3
|Jul high C = 24.9
|Aug high C = 25.0
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 16.1
|Nov high C = 10.4
|Dec high C = 6.6
| year high C = 15.8
|Jan mean C = 4.1
|Feb mean C = 5.2
|Mar mean C = 7.7
|Apr mean C = 10.3
|May mean C = 14.0
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 19.1
|Aug mean C = 19.3
|Sep mean C = 16.1
|Oct mean C = 12.2
|Nov mean C = 7.5
|Dec mean C = 4.2
| year mean C = 11.4
|Jan low C = 1.6
|Feb low C = 2.0
|Mar low C = 3.5
|Apr low C = 5.2
|May low C = 8.8
|Jun low C = 11.5
|Jul low C = 13.3
|Aug low C = 13.5
|Sep low C = 10.8
|Oct low C = 8.3
|Nov low C = 4.6
|Dec low C = 1.7
| year low C = 7.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 38.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 40.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 38.4
|May precipitation mm = 47.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 46.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 57.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 39.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 39.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 60.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 48.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 59.2
|year precipitation mm = 557.3
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 9.1
| Feb precipitation days = 9.9
| Mar precipitation days = 9.3
| Apr precipitation days = 8.8
| May precipitation days = 8.9
| Jun precipitation days = 7.6
| Jul precipitation days = 8.3
| Aug precipitation days = 7.7
| Sep precipitation days = 7.1
| Oct precipitation days = 10.3
| Nov precipitation days = 11.9
| Dec precipitation days = 11.9
| year precipitation days =110.7
|source 1 = Meteociel{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=28134003
|title=Normales et records pour Dreux (28)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=20 November 2024}}}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Dreux}}
- [http://www.drouais.com City council website] (in French)
- [http://www.ot-dreux.fr/ Tourist office website]
- [http://www.chez.com/bideau/ Personal website about Dreux] (in French)
{{Eure-et-Loir communes}}
{{authority control}}