Turks in France

{{see also|Franco-Ottoman alliance}}

The first Turks settled in France during the 16th and 17th century as galley slaves and merchants from the Ottoman Empire;{{Harvnb|Morrison|Gardiner|1995|loc=190}}.{{Harvnb|Takeda|2011|loc=98}}. the historian Ina Baghdiantz McCabe has described Marseille as a "Turkish town" during this time.{{Harvnb|McCabe|2008|loc=18}}. According to Jean Marteilhe "…the Turks of Asia and Europe...of whom there are a great many in the galley of France, who have been made slaves by the Imperialists, and sold to the French to man their galleys… are generally well-made, fair in feature, wise in their conduct, zealous in the observance of their religion, honourable and charitable in the highest degree. I have seen them give away all the money they possessed to buy a bird in a cage that they might have the pleasure of giving it its liberty".{{Harvnb|Marteilhe|1867|loc=146}}.

File:Ambassade de Turquie en France, 16 avenue de Lamballe 2.jpg

France signed a bilateral labour recruitment agreement with Turkey on 8 May 1965{{Harvnb|Akgündüz|2008|loc=61}}. because the number of entrants from other countries such as Italy, Spain and Portugal was not sufficient.{{Harvnb|Akgündüz|2008|loc=101}}. By 1975 there were 55,710 Turkish workers living in France, this had almost quadrupled to 198,000 in 1999.{{Harvnb|Al-Shahi|Lawless|2005|loc=13}}. The majority of Turkish immigrants came from rural areas of Turkey, especially from central Anatolia.{{Harvnb|Milewski|Hamel|2010|loc=618}}.

Whilst the majority of Turkish immigrants came during the recruitment agreement, many also came much earlier. For example, even in areas with fewer immigration waves, Cholet had an established Turkish community since 1945.{{citation|year=2018|title=La communauté turque s'ouvre aux Choletais|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/cholet-49300/la-communaute-turque-s-ouvre-aux-choletais-5759540|publisher=Ouest-France|quote=|access-date=19 December 2020}}

Whilst the majority of French Turks originate from the modern borders of the Republic of Turkey, there are also significant Turkish-Algerian and Turkish-Tunisian communities which arrived in the France once the Ottoman rule ended with the French colonization of North Africa as well as some who arrived after the formation of the modern borders of Algeria and Tunisia.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}

Furthermore, there are also smaller numbers of Turkish communities which have arrived to France from the Balkans (e.g. Bulgarian Turks and Western Thrace Turks) whilst Turkish Cypriots have come from both the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. More recently, since the European migrant crisis started in 2014, Iraqi Turks and Syrian Turks have also come to France.

{{see also|Demographics of France}}

File:Turkish protest in Paris 1.jpg]]

The majority of Turks are mainly concentrated in eastern France.{{Harvnb|LeSaout|Kadri|2002|loc=87}}. There is a strong Turkish presence in Île-de-France (especially in Paris), Nord-Pas-de-Calais (mainly in the cities of Calais, Lille, and Roubaix), Rhône-Alpes (especially in Lyon), Alsace (mainly in Strasbourg) and Lorraine.{{Harvnb|Hargreaves|2007|loc=73}}.{{Harvnb|Nielsen|Akgonul|Alibasic|2009|loc=129}}. There is also a large community in Marseille.{{Harvnb|Bowen|2008|loc=147}}.

The 10th arrondissement of Paris is steeped with Turkish culture and is often called "La Petite Turquie" (Little Turkey).{{cite web|author=Le Petit Journal|title="LA PETITE TURQUIE" - Balade dans le quartier turc de Paris|url=http://www.lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/a-voir-a-faire/balades/133566-la-petite-turquie-balade-dans-le-quartier-turc-de-paris|access-date=2014-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530103833/http://www.lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/a-voir-a-faire/balades/133566-la-petite-turquie-balade-dans-le-quartier-turc-de-paris|archive-date=2014-05-30|url-status=dead}}

In addition to living in the biggest French cities, there are also large Turkish communities in smaller towns and villages. Bischwiller, in Alsace, is often dubbed "Turkwiller" due to its large Turkish community.{{cite web |author=Le Point|title=Alsace le ghetto turc|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-societe/2007-01-26/alsace-le-ghetto-turc/920/0/98005|access-date=2014-12-14}} The Turks also make up approximately 15% of the population in Châteaubriant (2014 est.){{citation|year=2014|title=La communauté turque veut dire qui elle est|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/chateaubriant-44110/la-communaute-turque-veut-dire-qui-elle-est-1944057|publisher=Ouest-France|quote=|access-date=19 December 2020}} and 17% of the population in Flers.{{citation|year=2019|title=" Pas d'Europe sans la Turquie " : Franco-Turcs ils iront voter sans passion|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/elections/europeennes/pas-d-europe-sans-la-turquie-franco-turcs-ils-auront-voter-sans-passion-6358219|publisher=Ouest-France|quote=|access-date=19 December 2020}}

File:Eiffel Tower Wearing Turkey Colors.jpg in Paris wearing the colours of the Turkish flag during the "Saison de la Turquie en France"]]

Official data on the total number of French Turks is not available because the French census only records statistics on the country of birth rather than one's ethnic affiliation. Numerous estimates since the 2010s placed the Turkish-French population at around 1 million,{{cite web |last=|first=|year=2013|title=Bretagne-Turquie. Le combat persévérant d'Ali Dere|url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/local/finistere-sud/quimper/ville/bretagne-turquie-le-combat-perseverant-d-ali-dere-03-07-2013-2158870.php|publisher=Le Télégramme|quote=Il y a près d'un million de Turcs en France, mais ni député, ni maire et très peu d'élus.|access-date=24 December 2020}} or over 1 million. By 2020 estimates have continued to suggest more than 1 million to as much as 1.9 million French Turks.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

As early as 2002, Professor Remy Leveau and Professor Shireen T. Hunter said that official statistics on the Turkish community "may be too small" and had estimated the number of Turks to be 500,000.{{citation|last1=Leveau|first1=Remy|author2-link=Shireen Hunter|last2=Hunter, Shireen|year=2002|chapter=Islam in France|title=Islam, Europe's Second Religion: The New Social, Cultural, and Political Landscape|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3gvJiiCCB8C&q=This+number+may+be+too+small%2C+as+the+number+of+Turks+in+France+approaches+500%2C000.&pg=PA6|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|quote=This number may be too small, as the number of Turks in France approaches 500,000.|isbn=0-275-97609-2}} By 2014 Professor Pierre Vermeren reported in L'Express that the Turkish population was around 800,000.{{cite web |last=Vermeren, Pierre |author-link=:fr:Pierre Vermeren |year=2014|title=Face à l'islam de France, du déni à la paralysie|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/face-a-l-islam-de-france-du-deni-a-la-paralysie_1548482.html|quote=Depuis dix ans, ce chiffre est régulièrement ben brèche: les estimations hautes décrivent une France qui compterait 4 à 5 millions d'Algériens et descendants, autour de 3 millions de Marocains, 1 million de Tunisiens, 2 millions d'Africains du Sahel, 800 000 Turcs, etc.|access-date=28 October 2020}} However, an earlier report by Dr Jean-Gustave Hentz and Dr Michel Hasselmann in 2010 had already estimated that there was 1 million Turks living in France.{{cite book|last1=Hentz|first1=Jean-Gustave|last2=Hasselmann|first2=Michel|year=2010|title=Transculturalité, religion, traditions autour de la mort en réanimation|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-2-287-99072-4_33|quote=La France d’aujourd’hui est une société multiculturelle et multiethnique riche de 4,9 millions de migrants représentant environ 8 % de la population du pays. L’immigration massive de populations du sud de l’Europe de culture catholique après la deuxième guerre mondiale a été suivie par l’arrivée de trois millions d’Africains du Nord, d’un million de Turcs et de contingents importants d’Afrique Noire et d’Asie qui ont implanté en France un islam majoritairement sunnite (Maghrébins et Africains de l’Ouest) mais aussi chiite (Pakistanais et Africains de l’Est).|publisher=Springer-Verlag France|doi=10.1007/978-2-287-99072-4_33|isbn=978-2-287-99072-4}} Similarly, Professor İzzet Er,{{cite web|author=Fransa Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği|title=2011 YILI DİTİB KADIN KOLLARI GENEL TOPLANTISI PARİS DİTİB'DE YAPILDI|url=http://www.fransaditib.com/?Syf=18&Hbr=255110|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107092159/http://www.fransaditib.com/?Syf=18&Hbr=255110|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2012|access-date=2012-02-15|quote=İzzet ER Hocamız konuşmasında katılımcıları selamladıktan sonra, Fransa’da resmi verilere göre, 550 bin Türk nüfusunun bulunduğunu, bu sayının gayrı resmi olarak 1 milyon civarında tahmin edildiğini söyledi.}} and the French-Armenian politician Garo Yalic (who is an advisor to Valerie Boyer),{{citation|last=Nalci|first=Aris|year=2012|title=An Interview with Garo Yalic, Advisor to Valerie Boyer|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2012/02/14/an-interview-with-garo-yalic-advisor-to-valerie-boyer/|publisher=Armenian Weekly|quote=there are also about a million French people of Turkish origin that will show their weight in the electoral balance.|access-date=28 October 2020}} also said that there was 1,000,000 Turks in France in 2011 and 2012 respectively.

More recently, numerous reports have suggested that the Turkish-French population exceeds one million, including Le Petit Journal in 2019{{citation|last=Kerdat|first=Marianne|year=2019|title=" Donner une autre image de la Turquie à travers le cinéma "|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/comprendre-turquie/donner-une-autre-image-de-la-turquie-travers-le-cinema-262283|publisher=Le Petit Journal|quote=En France, la population franco-turque a dépassé le million.|access-date=22 November 2020}} and Marianne in 2020.{{citation|last1=Gallard|first1= Joseph|last2=Nguyen|first2=Julien|year=2020|title="Il est temps que la France appelle à de véritables sanctions contre le jeu d'Erdogan"|url=https://www.marianne.net/agora/tribunes-libres/il-est-temps-que-la-france-appelle-a-de-veritables-sanctions-contre-le-jeu-derdogan|publisher=Marianne|quote=... et ce grâce à la nombreuse diaspora turque, en particulier en France et en Allemagne. Ils seraient environ un million dans l'Hexagone, si ce n’est plus...es raisons derrière ne sont pas difficiles à deviner : l’immense population turque en Allemagne, estimée par Merkel elle-même aux alentours de sept millions et qui ne manquerait pas de se faire entendre si l’Allemagne prenait des mesures allant à l’encontre de la Turquie. |access-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214154041/https://www.marianne.net/agora/tribunes-libres/il-est-temps-que-la-france-appelle-a-de-veritables-sanctions-contre-le-jeu-derdogan|archive-date=14 February 2021}} By 2021, Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam also said that there was over 1 million Turks in France during her speech at the Senate.{{citation|year=2021|title=Contrat d'objectifs et de moyens (COM) 2020-2022 de France Médias Monde: Mme Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam, co-rapporteur|url=http://www.senat.fr/rap/r20-308/r20-3087.html|quote=Enfin, comme vous l'avez dit au sujet de la Turquie, il est essentiel que la France investisse davantage dans les langues qui sont parlées sur le territoire national. On recense plus d'un million de Turcs en France. Ils ne partagent pas toujours nos objectifs et nos valeurs, parce qu'ils subissent l'influence d'une presse qui ne nous est pas toujours très favorable. Il est donc très utile de les prendre en compte dans le développement de nos médias.|publisher=Sénat|accessdate=7 May 2021}}

Although the birth rates among Turks living in France has declined over the years they remain substantially higher than the French population. In 1982, the average number of children for Turks was 5.2, compared with 1.8 for the French population. By 1990, the average number of births for Turks was 3.7 compared to 1.7 for the French population.{{Harvnb|Al-Shahi|Lawless|2005|loc=27}}.

{{see also|Languages of France}}

In 2000, Mehmet-Ali Akıncı and Harriet Jisa found that Turkish is spoken exclusively at home by 77% of families, while 68% of children speak French to one another.{{Harvnb|Akıncı|Jisa|2000|loc=318}}. Turkish children are monolingual in the Turkish language until they start school at the age of 2 or 3; thus, they find themselves in everyday situations in which they have to speak French with their peers.{{Harvnb|Crul|2011|loc=275}}. By the age of 10, most children become dominant in the French language.{{Harvnb|Akıncı|Jisa|Kern|2001|loc=190}}. Nonetheless, even for those who use French more than Turkish in their daily lives, numerous studies have shown that they still emphasize the importance of Turkish as the language of the family, particularly for raising children.{{Harvnb|Backus|2008|loc=695}}. Thus, there is a high degree of language maintenance in the Turkish community; frequent holidays to Turkey, the easy access and use of Turkish media, and the density of social networks help maintain their language.{{Harvnb|Backus|2008|loc=694}}.

{{see also|Religion in France|Islam in France}}

File:Façade principale de la mosquée Osmanli.jpg]]

The majority of Turks adhere to Islam and focus on creating their own mosques and schools, most of which are tightly linked to Turkey. Thus, Turks worship their religion mainly with others within their community.{{Harvnb|Bowen|2009|loc=11}}. Due to Turkish immigrants having a strong link to the Turkish state and much less knowledge of the French language, compared to other Muslim immigrants who have emigrated from French-speaking countries, Turks tend to build mosques where sermons are given in Turkish rather than French or Arabic.{{Harvnb|Bowen|2009|loc=60}}.

The Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs (DİTİB), which is a branch of the Turkish state Bureau of Religious Affairs (the Diyanet), promotes a "Turkish Islam" which is based upon a moderate, rational Islam of a secular state.{{Harvnb|Çitak|2010|loc=625}}. The Diyanet has organic links to the "Coordination Committee of Muslim Turks in France", or CCMTF, ({{langx|fr|Comité de coordination des musulmans turcs de France}}){{Harvnb|Çitak|2010|loc=620}}. which brings under its umbrella a total of 210 mosques.{{Harvnb|Çitak|2010|loc=626}}. Its major competing network of mosques is run by the Millî Görüş movement ({{langx|fr|Communauté Islamique du Milli Görüş de France}}) which emphasizes the importance of solidarity of the community over integration into French society. The Millî Görüş has an estimated 70 mosques in France.

File:Les drapeaux.jpg

The Turkish community is considered to be the least integrated immigrant community in France, largely due to their strong attachment to their country of origin.{{Harvnb|Çitak|2010|loc=627}}. However, there is increasing recognition by Turkish officials that without successful integration the immigrant community cannot lobby for the home country. For example, in 2010, the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stressed that assimilation is different from integration and urged the Turkish community in France to integrate by applying for French citizenship.{{cite web|author=Today's Zaman|title=Erdoğan urges Turks in France to integrate, not assimilate|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-206884-102-erdogan-urges-turks-in-france-to-integrate-not-assimilate.html|access-date=2011-05-31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308092328/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-206884-102-erdogan-urges-turks-in-france-to-integrate-not-assimilate.html|archive-date=2012-03-08}}

Discrimination against Turks in French society is seen particularly within the labour market when they are looking for jobs. Given a choice between a Turkish and a French with the same qualifications, French employers tend not to choose the immigrant applicant.{{Harvnb|Crul|2007|loc=220}}.{{Harvnb|Peignard|2006|loc=8}}.

• Comité de coordination des musulmans turcs de France, the coordination committee for Turkish Muslims in France is linked to Turkey.{{cite web |author=Ministère des affaires étrangères et européennes |title= The Muslim faith in France |url=http://www.ambafrance-eau.org/IMG/muslim_faith.pdf|access-date=2009-01-23}}
• "Fransa Türk Federasyonu", the French Turks Federation.{{cite web |author=Fransa Türk Federasyonu|title=Ana Sayfa|url=http://www.fransaturkfederasyonu.com/default.asp|access-date=2009-01-23}}
• "Migrations et cultures de Turquie" (ELELE), promoted knowledge of Turkish immigration and helps to assist the integration of Turkish migrants into French society.{{cite web|author=GEMMA|title=GENDER & MIGRATION in FRANCE: "a brief overview"|url=http://www.gemmaproject.eu/publicdocs/GEMMA_France_Overview_260509_reviewed.pdf|access-date=2009-01-23|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324151534/http://www.gemmaproject.eu/publicdocs/GEMMA_France_Overview_260509_reviewed.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-24}}

File:Cansel Elçin.jpg, actor]]

Image:OIFF 2015-07-18 221455 - Deniz Gamze Ergüven.jpg, film director]]

Image:Erol Gelenbe Imperial College 2010 graduations.jpg]]

Image:ElifShafak creditZeynelAbidin.jpg, writer]]

Image:NedimGursel2.jpg, writer]]

Image:Fatih Öztürk'13.JPG, football player]]

File:Turanreims.JPG, football player]]

{{See also|List of Turkish French people}}

French Turks have contributed in many ways to the arts, academia, cinema, television, music and sports in both France and Turkey.

For example, the renowned photographer Gökşin Sipahioğlu, who founded the Paris-based photo agency Sipa Press, was dubbed "le Grand Turc" in the French media and was appointed the Knight of the Legion of Honour by president Jacques Chirac in 2007.{{cite news |work=The Independent|title=Goksin Sipahioglu: Acclaimed photojournalist who went on to found the Sipa agency|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/goksin-sipahioglu-acclaimed-photojournalist-who-went-on-to-found-the-sipa-agency-2367401.html|access-date=9 January 2015}}

Also in media, there are numerous notable French Turks in cinema; for example, Deniz Gamze Ergüven is a film director whose 2015 film Mustang won the Europa Cinemas Label Award at the Cannes Film Festival as well as four awards at the 41st César Awards.{{cite news |year=2016|title=Mustang movie channels female 'power'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-36225698|publisher=BBC News|access-date=22 November 2020}} On television, Anaïs Baydemir is a weather presenter for France 2 and France 3.{{cite news |title=Anaïs Baydemir|url=https://www.voici.fr/bios-people/anais-baydemir|publisher=Voici|access-date=22 November 2020}} Furthermore, Muratt Atik{{citation|last=Maras|first=Alexandre|year=2016|title=Gala by Night : Clara Morgane et son mari fêtent les 14 ans du Pink Paradise|url=https://www.gala.fr/l_actu/news_de_stars/gala_by_night_clara_morgane_et_son_mari_fetent_les_14_ans_du_pink_paradise_358271|publisher=Gala|access-date=22 November 2020}} and Cansel Elçin{{citation|year=2017|title=EN OCTOBRE - De la littérature, du théâtre et... des bières !|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/a-voir-a-faire/en-octobre-de-la-litterature-du-theatre-et-des-bieres-157442|publisher=Le Petit Journal|access-date=22 November 2020}} have both acted in French and Turkish film and television roles.

In music, the singer Gülseren represented Turkey at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005.{{citation|year=2009|title=MUSIQUE: Gülseren et Luis, un pont entre l'orient et l'occident.!|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/a-voir-a-faire/musique-gulseren-et-luis-un-pont-entre-lorient-et-loccident-11543|publisher=Le Petit Journal|access-date=22 November 2020}} Meanwhile, in 2015 the singer Anne Sila participated in season 4 of The Voice : la plus belle voix.{{citation|year=|title=Anne Sila - The Voice 4|url=https://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/anne_sila_-_the_voice_4|publisher=Gala|quote=Originaire de la Drôme, Anne Sila voit le jour le 5 mars 1990. Fille d’un médecin d’origine turque, elle grandit avec son petit frère à Valence.|access-date=19 December 2020}}

Notable Turkish-French academics include Dr Ipek Yalcin Christmann who is a neurobiologist in charge of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research;{{citation|title=Ipek Yalcin Christmann|url=http://www.cnrs.fr/en/node/389|publisher=Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS|access-date=22 November 2020}} Erol Gelenbe who is a professor in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Imperial College; Nilüfer Göle who is a professor of sociology at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales;{{citation|year=2018|url=https://ahvalnews.com/euro-turks/ankara-assuming-leadership-turks-europe-says-sociologist-gole|title=Ankara assuming leadership for Turks in Europe, says sociologist Göle|publisher=Ahval News|access-date=22 November 2020}} Doğan Kuban who is Professor of Ottoman Architecture and History at Istanbul Technical University;{{citation|year=2016|title=Doğan Kuban: Bizde babamın evidir, koruyayım kültürü yok, İstanbul da böyle gitti!|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/hayat/dogan-kuban-bizde-babamin-evidir-koruyayim-kulturu-yok-istanbul-da-boyle-gitti-40282505|publisher=Hürriyet|access-date=22 November 2020}} the historian Nora Şeni is a professor at the Institut français de géopolitique;{{citation|year=2013|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/emission/20130608-turquie|title=La Turquie|publisher=Radio France Internationale|access-date=22 November 2020}} and Semih Vaner who was founder and president of the "French Association for the Study of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Turkish-Iranian World" (AFEMOTI), Director of the "Study Group on Contemporary Turkey and Iran (ERTCI)", and Director of "Study notebooks on the Eastern Mediterranean and the Turkish-Iranian world" (CEMOTI).

Non-fiction Turkish-French writers include Elif Shafak who was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2010;{{citation|year=2014|title=The Forty Rules of Love - review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2014/dec/05/review-elif-shafak-forty-rules-of-love|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 November 2020}} the novelist Nedim Gürsel who teaches contemporary Turkish literature at the Sorbonne;{{citation|year=2009|title=Nedim Gürsel, writer|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20091024-interview-nedim-gursel-writer|publisher=France 24|access-date=22 November 2020}} Seyhan Kurt who is a poet, writer, anthropologist and sociologist; and the novelist Kenizé Mourad who descends from the exiled Ottoman royal family and is of partial Turkish descent; her bestselling book Regards from the Dead Princess: Novel of a Life sold more than 3 million copies in France and tells the story of the end of the Ottoman Empire through the eyes of her mother Princess Selma.{{citation|year=2014|title=Kenize Mourad's novel counters misperceptions of Eastern women|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture-and-art/kenize-mourad-s-novel-counters-misperceptions-of-eastern-women/100576|publisher=Anadolu Agency|access-date=22 November 2020}}

In fashion, the designer Ece Ege co-founded the Paris-based high fashion brand Dice Kayek with her sister Ayşe Ege; they won the prestigious Jameel Prize at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 2013.{{citation|year=2013|title=QUAND LA MODE RENCONTRE L'ART – Les créatrices franco-turques de Dice Kayek remportent le prestigieux prix Jameel|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/quand-la-mode-rencontre-lart-les-creatrices-franco-turques-de-dice-kayek-remportent-le-prestigieux|publisher=Le Petit Journal|access-date=22 November 2020}}

Most obvious are the large number of male Turkish-French football players, including Emre Akbaba, Aksel Aktas, Kubilay Aktaş, Mikail Albayrak, Fatih Atik, Numan Bostan, Umut Bozok, Ozkan Cetiner, İbrahim Dağaşan, Mustafa Durak, Mevlüt Erdinç, Ayhan Güçlü, Metehan Güçlü, Ender Günlü, Serdar Gürler, Selim Ilgaz, Burak Kardeş, Samed Kılıç, Özer Özdemir, Sinan Özkan, Hakan Özmert, Fatih Öztürk, Yusuf Sari, Atila Turan, Kendal Ucar, Sabahattin Usta, Serkan Yanık and Yakup Ramazan Zorlu. In addition, there are several notable female Turkish-French football players, including Selen Altunkulak and İpek Kaya.

In religious affairs, Ahmet Ogras became the first Turkish-French President of the French Council of the Muslim Faith in 2017.{{citation|year=2018|title=French Muslims urge Macron not to interfere in Islam|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/2/15/french-muslims-urge-macron-not-to-interfere-in-islam|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=22 November 2020}}

In politics, Agnès Evren was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in the 2019 election in France,{{citation|last=Le Guay|first=Virginie|year=2019|title=Les Républicains : Agnès Evren, de la ZUP à Bruxelles|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Les-Republicains-Agnes-Evren-de-la-ZUP-a-Bruxelles-1603740|publisher=Paris Match|access-date=28 November 2020}} and in 2020 Metin Yavuz was elected the mayor of Valenton in Paris.{{citation|year=2020|title=Un Franco-Turc élu maire en région parisienne|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/un-franco-turc-elu-maire-en-region-parisienne-283927|publisher=Le Petit Journal|access-date=22 November 2020}}

File:Armande Altaï 2010.jpg, is of Turkish origin through her mother.]]

File:Yasmine Ghata (2018).jpg, is of Turkish-Lebanese origin.]]

In addition to the substantial number of contributions made by French citizens of Turkish origin who descend from Turkey and the Maghreb, there are also notable French Turks who have backgrounds from other former Ottoman territories.

For example, Beirut-born French author Amin Maalouf is of Turkish origin through his Turkish-Egyptian mother.{{citation|last=Esposito|first=Claudia|year=2013|chapter=Of Chronological Others and Alternative Histories: Amin Maalouf and Fawzi Mellah|title=The Narrative Mediterranean: Beyond France and the Maghreb|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0739168226|page=36|quote=born into a culturally composite family - his mother was Egyptian of Turkish origin, his father a Greek Catholic in 1949 in Lebanon... }} The Lebanese-born French poet and writer, Vénus Khoury-Ghata, is also of Turkish origin.{{citation|title=YASMINE GHATA|url=http://www.schaffnerpress.com/authors/yasmine-ghata|quote=Ms. Ghata is the daughter of the renowned Turkish-Lebanese poet, Vénus Khoury-Ghata.|publisher=Schaffner Press}}{{citation|last=Ghata|first=Yasmine|year=2019|title=For A Long Time, Afraid Of The Night: A Novel|work=Beshara Magazine|quote=Ms. Ghata is the daughter of the renowned Turkish-Lebanese poet, Vénus Khoury-Ghata.|publisher=Schaffner Press|isbn=978-1943156764}} Her daughter, Yasmine Ghata, was born in France and is also a writer.{{citation|last=Julien|first=Par Bisson|year=2007|title=Yasmine Ghata: La romancière Yasmine Ghata tisse une belle histoire sur l'hérédité et ses conséquences|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/livre/yasmine-ghata_813231.html|publisher=L'Express|quote=C'est décidément une affaire de famille. Révélée en 2004 avec La nuit des calligraphes, un premier roman plein de délicatesse où elle évoquait le souvenir de sa grand-mère paternelle, artiste turque portée sur les arabesques, Yasmine Ghata, fille de la romancière et poète Vénus Khoury-Ghata, prouvait par là même que le talent pouvait être héréditaire.|access-date=19 December 2020}} In addition, the Lebanese-born French businessman Emad Khashoggi, who initiated the Château Louis XIV development project in Louveciennes, is from the Turkish-Saudi Khashoggi family.

From Egypt, Cairo-born Nil Yalter is a contemporary feminist artist with both Turkish and French citizenship.{{cite web|year=2017|title=Politics of Writing Art Histories in Turkey: Nil Yalter and The Round House|url=http://www.fine-art.leeds.ac.uk/events/politics-of-writing-art-histories-in-turkey/|publisher=University of Leeds|access-date=24 September 2017}}{{Cite book|title=Nil Yalter|last=Yücel|first=Derya|publisher=Revolver|year=2013|isbn=9783868953305|location=Istanbul / Berlin}}

There are also notable Syrian Turks in France; for example, the French singer, Armande Altaï, was born in Aleppo to a Turkish mother.{{citation|last=|first=|year=2013|title=Armande Altaï : » L'occident maintient l'Afrique dans la pauvreté |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lequotidien/28306|publisher=Je suis la fille d'un officier français et d'une mère turque.|access-date=19 December 2020}} Another notable French singer of Turkish-Syrian origin is Mennel Ibtissem, who gained fame after being a contestant on The Voice France.{{citation|year=2018|title=Mennel Ibtissem moves 'Voice France' judges with Arabic take of Leonard Cohen's 'Hallelujah'|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/mennel-ibtissem-moves-voice-france-judges-with-arabic-take-of-leonard-cohen-s-hallelujah-1.702166|publisher=The National|quote=Born to a Syrian-Turkish father and Moroccan-Algerian mother,|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619140842/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/mennel-ibtissem-moves-voice-france-judges-with-arabic-take-of-leonard-cohen-s-hallelujah-1.702166|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live}}

Farouk Mardam-Bey, who is from the prominent Turkish Syrian Mardam Bey family,{{citation |last=Moubayed|first=Sami M.|year=2000|title=Damascus between democracy and dictatorship|quote=Madam Bey... one of the most prominent families of Turkish ancestry. |publisher=University Press of America|page=xxiv|isbn=0761817441}} is the director of the Arab world collections at the French publishing house Actes Sud.

File:Reha Hutin.JPG, is the President of 30 millions d'amis. She is of Turkish origin.]]

Some ethnic Turks living in France have also come from the Turkish diaspora communities (i.e. from countries that were not part of the former Ottoman Empire), especially Morocco but also from other countries with a large Turkish immigrant community.

The majority of French-Moroccans with Turkish roots are from the Turkish-Algerian diaspora and Turkish-Tunisian diaspora. For example, Leïla Chellabi is a Morocco-born writer whose father was a Turkish Algerian who obtained French citizenship.{{citation |last=Chellabi|first=Leïla|year=2008|title=Autoscan: Autobiographie d'une intériorité |publisher=LCD Médiation|isbn=978-2909539751|page=237|quote=Mon père, né Algérien d'origine turque, a quitté l'Algérie pour le Maroc où il a fait sa vie après être devenu, par choix, français. Mais à chaque démarche on le croit d'abord marocain puis on sait qu'il est d'origine algérienne et turque, cela se complique.}}. Furthermore, the Moroccan-born French businessman Ali Bourequat is from a Turkish-Tunisian family.{{cite web|year=2018|title=The Bourequat brothers, arrested in 1973 to survive the Tazmamart secret prison|url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/65505/bourequat-brothers-arrested-1973-survive.html|quote=Their father was a French-Tunisian national of Turkish descent, who left Tunisia for Morocco.|publisher=Yabiladi|access-date=2018-12-23}}

Other notable French people of Turkish origin from the diaspora includes the journalist Reha Kutlu-Hutin; she is from the Turkish American diaspora and is currently the President of 30 millions d'amis.{{citation|last=David|first=Samantha |year=2017|title=Holidays used as excuse to dump pets|url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/Holidays-used-as-excuse-to-dump-pets|quote=TBorn in the US, Ms Hutin spent much of her childhood travelling with her Turkish diplomat parents. |publisher=The Connexion|access-date=23 December 2020}}

{{Portal|France|Turkey}}

• List of Turkish French people
• Demographics of France
• France–Turkey relations
• Franco-Ottoman alliance
• Franco-Turkish War
• Suleiman Aga, was an Ottoman Empire ambassador
• Turquestein-Blancrupt
• Turqueville, place named after the Turks
• Turkish diaspora
• Turks in Europe
• Turks in Belgium
• Turks in the Netherlands
• Turks in Germany
• Turks in Italy
• Turks in Spain
• Turks in Switzerland

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{{Commons category|Turks in France}}

{{Migration to France from Asia}}

{{Migration to France from Europe}}

{{Turkish diaspora}}

{{#related:Turks in Europe}}

{{#related:Turks in Germany}}

{{#related:Turks in Italy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turks In France}}

Category:Asian diaspora in France

Category:European diaspora in France

France

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Category:Ethnic groups in France

Category:Immigration to France by country of origin

Category:Middle Eastern diaspora in France

Category:Muslim communities in Europe