Durham, North Carolina

{{see also|Timeline of Durham, North Carolina}}

The Eno and the Occoneechi, related to the Sioux and the Shakori, lived in the area and may have established a village named Adshusheer (or Ajusher) in the area which became Durham.The Travels of Richard Traunter, page 38, ([1699], Sandra L. Dahlberg ed., University of Virginia Press, 2022). The Occaneechi Path, a corridor of trading roads and trails, went through the area. Native Americans expanded the region by establishing settlements and commercial transportation routes.{{Cite web |title=Overview of Durham History |url=https://www.museumofdurhamhistory.org/learn/overview-of-durham-history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406053213/https://www.museumofdurhamhistory.org/learn/overview-of-durham-history/ |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-06-08 |publisher=Museum of Durham History |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=July 2020 |title=About Durham |url=https://law.nccu.edu/about/about-durham/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |publisher=NC Central University School of Law |language=en-US}}

In 1701, English explorer John Lawson, documented the area and would later call it "the flower of the Carolinas". Lawson claimed that Ajusher was situated {{convert|14|mi}} from Occaneechi Town.John Lawson, A New Voyage to Carolina, page 62 ([1709] Hugh Talmage Lefler ed., Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina press, 1967). In the mid-1700s, Scots, Irish, and English colonists settled on land granted to George Carteret by King Charles I{{dubious|Which Carteret and which king?|date=May 2024}}, a grant that had by then been inherited by his great-grandson John. Early settlers built settlements as well as farms and mills, like West Point Mill.

Frontiersmen in the area, prior to the American Revolutionary War, participated in the Regulator Movement. Loyalist militia used Cornwallis Road to cut through the area in 1771 to quell the rebellion. William Johnston, a local a farmer and shopkeeper, made munitions for the Continental Army, served in the Provincial Congress in 1775, and financially supported Daniel Boone on his westward explorations.

Prior to the arrival of the railroad, the area now known as Durham was the eastern part of present-day Orange County and was almost entirely agricultural, with a few businesses catering to travelers (particularly livestock drivers) along the Hillsborough Road. This road, eventually followed by US Route 70, was the major east–west route in North Carolina from colonial times until the construction of interstate highways. Steady population growth and an intersection with the road connecting Roxboro and Fayetteville made the area near this site suitable for a US Post Office. Roxboro, Fayetteville and Hillsborough Roads remain major thoroughfares in Durham, although they no longer exactly follow their early 19th century rights-of-way.{{Cite web |title=History Beneath Our Feet |url=http://museumofdurhamhistory.org/beneathourfeet/streets |url-status=dead |access-date=2022-11-06 |publisher=Museum of Durham History |archive-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106150037/http://museumofdurhamhistory.org/beneathourfeet/streets }}

Large plantations, Hardscrabble, Fairntosh, Lipscomb, Walnut Hall, Patterson, and Leigh among them, were established in the antebellum period. By 1860, Stagville Plantation lay at the center of one of the largest plantation holdings in the South. African slaves were brought to labor on these farms and plantations, and slave quarters became the hearth of distinctively Southern cultural traditions involving crafts, social relations, life rituals, music, and dance. There were free African-Americans in the area as well, including several who fought in the Revolutionary War.

Durham's location is a result of the needs of the 19th century railroad industry. The wood-burning steam locomotives of the time had to stop frequently for wood and water and the new North Carolina Railroad needed a depot between the settled towns of Raleigh and Hillsborough. The residents of what is now downtown Durham thought their businesses catering to livestock drivers had a better future than "a new-fangled nonsense like a railroad" and refused to sell or lease land for a depot.{{cite web |title=History of Durham |url=https://durhamnc.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/4097 |access-date=24 January 2017 |publisher=City of Durham |format=PDF}} In 1849, a North Carolina Railroad depot was established on a four-acre tract of land donated by Dr. Bartlett S. Durham; the station was named after him in recognition of his gift.{{Cite web |title=Welcome to The City of Durham |url=https://durhamnc.gov/1457/Welcome-to-The-City-of-Durham |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=City of Durham}} A U.S. post office was established there on April 26, 1853, now recognized as the city's official birthday.

Durham Station, as it was known for its first 20 years, was a depot for the occasional passenger or express package until early April 1865, when the Federal Army commanded by Major General William T. Sherman occupied the nearby state capital of Raleigh during the American Civil War. The last formidable Confederate Army in the South, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, was headquartered in Greensboro {{convert|50|mi|km}} to the west. After the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomattox, Virginia on April 9, 1865, Gen. Johnston sought surrender terms, which were negotiated on April 17, 18 and 26 at Bennett Place, the small farm of James and Nancy Bennett, located halfway between the army's lines about {{convert|3|mi|km}} west of Durham Station.

As both armies passed through Durham, Hillsborough, and surrounding Piedmont communities, they enjoyed the mild flavor of the area's Brightleaf tobacco, which was considered more pleasant to smoke or chew than was available back home after the war. Some began sending letters to Durham to get more.{{Cite web |last=Yeargin |first=W.W. |year=2006 |title=Tobacco– Part 3: The Rise of 'Big Tobacco' |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/tobacco-part-3-rise-big-tobacco |access-date=2018-01-25 |website=NCpedia |publisher=NC Dept. of Natural and Cultural Resources – State Library of NC – NC Government & Heritage Library |language=en-US}}

File:First Duke tobacco factory and surrounding buildings 1883.jpg tobacco factory and family home, Durham, 1883]]

The community of Durham Station grew slowly before the Civil War, but expanded rapidly following the war. Much of this growth attributed to the establishment of a thriving tobacco industry. Veterans returned home after the war with an interest in acquiring more of the tobacco they had sampled in North Carolina. Numerous orders were mailed to John Ruffin Green's tobacco company requesting more of the Durham tobacco. W.T. Blackwell partnered with Green and renamed the company as the "Bull Durham Tobacco Factory". The name "Bull Durham" is said to have been taken from the bull on the British Colman's Mustard, which Mr. Blackwell mistakenly believed was manufactured in Durham, England.{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=Lynn |title=The Bull City: Overview of Durham History |url=https://www.museumofdurhamhistory.org/learn/overview-of-durham-history/ |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=Museum of Durham History |language=en-US}} Mustard known as Durham Mustard was originally produced in Durham, England, by Mrs Clements and later by Ainsley during the eighteenth century. However, production of the original Durham Mustard has now been passed into the hands of Colman's of Norwich, England.

File:WhiteDoorColoredDoor.jpg

As Durham Station's population rapidly increased, the station became a town and was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly, on April 10, 1869. It was named for the man who provided the land on which the station was built, Dr. Bartlett Durham. At the time of its incorporation by the General Assembly, Durham was located in Orange County. The increase in business activity, land transfers etc., made the day long trip back and forth to the county seat in Hillsborough untenable, so twelve years later, on April 17, 1881, a bill for the establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly, having been introduced by Caleb B.Green, creating Durham County from the eastern portion of Orange County and the western portion of Wake County. In 1911, parts of Cedar Fork Township of Wake County was transferred to Durham County and became Carr Township.

File:SKYL024 Old Bull Building ATC DiscoverDurham.jpg|left]]

The rapid growth and prosperity of the Bull Durham Tobacco Company, and Washington Duke's W. Duke & Sons Tobacco Company, resulted in the rapid growth of the city of Durham. Throughout the Gilded Age and into the early twentieth century, Durham industrialists, including George Washington Watts, John Sprunt Hill, and Julian S. Carr, built large mansions such as Somerset Villa, Harwood Hall, the John Sprunt Hill House, and Greystone Manor. Washington Duke was a good businessman, but his sons were brilliant and established what amounted to a monopoly of the smoking and chewing tobacco business in the United States by 1900. In the early 1910s, the Federal Government forced a breakup of the Duke's business under the antitrust laws. The Dukes retained what became known as American Tobacco, a major corporation in its own right, with manufacturing based in Durham. American Tobacco's ubiquitous advertisements on radio shows beginning in the 1930s and television shows up to 1970 was the nation's image of Durham until Duke University supplanted it in the late 20th century.

File:Durham Main Street.JPG

Prevented from further investment in the tobacco industry, the Dukes turned to the then new industry of electric power generation, which they had been investing in since the early 1890s. Duke Power (now Duke Energy) brought in electricity from hydroelectric dams in the western mountains of North Carolina through the newly invented technology of high voltage power lines. At this time (1910–1920), the few towns and cities in North Carolina that had electricity depended on local "powerhouses". These were large, noisy, and smoky coal-fired plants located next to the railroad tracks. Duke Power quickly took over the electricity franchises in these towns and then electrified all the other towns of central and western North Carolina, making even more money than they ever made from tobacco.{{Cite web |title=Our Company: Our History |url=https://www.duke-energy.com/our-company/about-us/our-history |access-date=2022-11-06 |publisher=Duke Energy |language=en-US}} Duke Power also had a significant business in local franchises for public transit (buses and trolleys) before local government took over this responsibility in the mid- to late 20th century. Duke Power ran Durham's public bus system (now GoDurham) until 1991.

The success of the tobacco industry in the late 19th and early 20th century encouraged the then-growing textile industry to locate just outside Durham. The early electrification of Durham was also a large incentive. Drawing a labor force from the economic demise of single-family farms in the region at the time, these textile mills doubled the population of Durham. These areas were known as East Durham and West Durham until they were eventually annexed by the City of Durham.

Much of the early city architecture, both commercial and residential, dates from the period of 1890–1930. Durham recorded its worst fire in history on March 23, 1914. The multimillion-dollar blaze destroyed a large portion of the downtown business district. The fire department's water source failed during the blaze, prompting voters to establish a city-owned water system in place of the private systems that had served the city since 1887.{{cite web |title=This day in 1914 |url=https://www.facebook.com/museumofdurhamhistory/photos/a.286366331389809.90199.144344455591998/835801223112981/?type=1&theater |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/144344455591998/835801223112981 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |access-date=March 23, 2014 |website=Facebook |publisher=Museum of Durham History}}{{cbignore}}

Durham quickly developed a black community, the center of which was an area known as Hayti, (pronounced HAY-tie), just south of the center of town, where some of the most prominent and successful black-owned businesses in the country during the early 20th century were established. These businesses — the best known of which are North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and Mechanics & Farmers Bank — were centered on Parrish St., which would come to be known as "Black Wall Street".{{cite web |last=Cain |first=Brooke |last2=Quillin |first2=Martha |date=February 2021 |title=10 NC Black history lessons you likely weren't taught in school (but should have been) |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/article249151195.html |access-date=February 27, 2021 |website=Raleigh News & Observer |language=en}} In 1910, Dr. James E. Shepard founded North Carolina Central University, the nation's first publicly supported liberal arts college for African-Americans.

In 1924, James Buchanan Duke established a philanthropic foundation in honor of his father Washington Duke to support Trinity College in Durham. The college changed its name to Duke University and built a large campus and hospital a mile west of Trinity College (the original site of Trinity College is now known as the Duke East Campus).{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Shane |date=March 7, 2016 |title=Duke University |url=https://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/duke-university/ |access-date=March 3, 2020 |website=North Carolina History Project |publisher=John Locke Foundation}}

Durham's manufacturing fortunes declined during the mid-20th century. Textile mills began to close during the 1930s. Competition from other tobacco companies (as well as a decrease in smoking after the 1960s) reduced revenues from Durham's tobacco industry.

File:Durham aerial view, Chanticleer 1952 page 376.jpg

In a far-sighted move in the late 1950s, Duke University, along with the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University in Raleigh, persuaded the North Carolina Legislature to purchase a large tract of sparsely settled land in southern Durham County and create the nation's first "science park" for industry. Cheap land and a steady supply of trained workers from the local universities made the Research Triangle Park an enormous success which, along with the expansion resulting from the clinical and scientific advances of Duke Medical Center and Duke University, more than made up for the decline of Durham's tobacco and textile industries.{{Cite web |last=Emerson |first=Rob |title=Golden Belt: Our History |url=https://www.goldenbeltarts.com/community/our-history/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |publisher=Golden Belt Arts}}{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Wiley J. |date=2006 |title=Research Triangle Park |url=https://www.ncpedia.org/research-triangle-park |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=NCpedia}}

As a result of its substantial African-American community, including many activists, a prominent civil rights movement developed in Durham. Multiple sit-ins were held, and Martin Luther King Jr., visited the city during the struggle for equal rights. The Durham Committee on Negro Affairs, organized in 1935 by C.C. Spaulding, Louis Austin, Conrad Pearson, and James E. Shepard, has been cited nationally for its role in fighting for black voting rights. The committee also has used its voting strength to pursue social and economic rights for African-Americans and other ethnic groups. In 1957, Douglas E. Moore, minister of Durham's Asbury Temple Methodist Church, along with other religious and community leaders, pioneered sit-ins throughout North Carolina to protest discrimination at lunch counters that served only whites.

Widely credited as the first sit-in of the civil rights movement in North Carolina, on June 23, 1957, Moore and six others assembled at the church to plan the protest. The young African Americans moved over to the segregated Royal Ice Cream Parlor and took up whites-only booths. When they refused to budge, the manager called the police who charged them with trespassing. Unlike the Greensboro Four, three years later, the Royal Seven were arrested and ultimately found guilty of trespassing.{{cite news |last=Gregg |first=R. |date=January 19, 2008 |title=NC Finally Recognizes Pre-Woolworth Sit-Ins In 1956 |url=http://www.greensboro3.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=1&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=1495&wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=2762&hn=greensboro3&he=.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202064022/http://greensboro3.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=1&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=1495&wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=2762&hn=greensboro3&he=.com |archive-date=February 2, 2009 |work=The Greensboro Telegram |df=mdy}}{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/terrasig/2009/11/dedication_of_1957_royal_ice_c.php |title=Dedication of the 1957 Royal Ice Cream sit-in historical marker |date=November 29, 2009 |publisher=Terra Sigillata |access-date=May 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816045824/http://scienceblogs.com/terrasig/2009/11/dedication_of_1957_royal_ice_c.php |archive-date=August 16, 2010 |df=mdy }}{{cite web|url=http://www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?ct=ddl&sp=search&k=Markers&sv=G-123%20-%20ROYAL%20ICE%20CREAM%20SIT-IN |title=G-123 Royal Ice Cream Sit-In |publisher=North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program |access-date=May 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818183910/http://www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?ct=ddl&sp=search&k=Markers&sv=G-123%20-%20ROYAL%20ICE%20CREAM%20SIT-IN |archive-date=August 18, 2010 |df=mdy }}

The six-month-long sit-in at a Woolworth's counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, captured the nation's attention. Within a week, students from North Carolina College at Durham and Duke University staged a sit-in in Durham. About a week later, Martin Luther King Jr. met Moore in Durham, where King coined his famous rallying cry "Fill up the jails," during a speech at White Rock Baptist Church. Advocating non-violent confrontation with segregation laws for the first time, King said, "Let us not fear going to jail. If the officials threaten to arrest us for standing up for our rights, we must answer by saying that we are willing and prepared to fill up the jails of the South."

This community was not enough to prevent the demolition of portions of the Hayti district for the construction of the Durham Freeway during the late 1960s.{{cite web|last1=Ehrsam|first1=Frederick|title=The downfall of Durham's historic Hayti: Propagated or preempted by urban renewal?|url=https://sites.duke.edu/djepapers/files/2016/10/Ehrsam-Fred_DJE.pdf}} The freeway construction resulted in losses to other historic neighborhoods, including Morehead Hill, West End, and West Durham. Combined with large-scale demolition using Urban Renewal funds, Durham suffered significant losses to its historic architectural base.

File:STRT092 Chesterfield Building DiscoverDurham.jpg

In 1970, the Census Bureau reported city's population as 38.8% black and 60.8% white.{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |df=mdy }} Durham's growth began to rekindle during the 1970s and 1980s, with the construction of multiple housing developments in the southern part of the city, nearest Research Triangle Park, and the beginnings of downtown revitalization. In 1975, the St. Joseph's Historical Foundation at the Hayti Heritage Center was incorporated to "preserve the heritage of the old Hayti community, and to promote the understanding of and appreciation for the African American experience and African Americans' contributions to world culture."{{cite web|url=http://www.hayti.org/sjhf/index.php |title=Welcome to St. Joseph's Historic Foundation at Hayti Heritage Center |access-date=September 16, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904030558/http://www.hayti.org/sjhf/index.php |archive-date=September 4, 2006 }}

In 1987, the American Tobacco Factory in Durham closed, leading to an economic downturn and a decline in the city's reputation.{{cite web| url = https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/economic-change-and-traditional-industries| title = Economic Change: From Traditional Industries to the 21st Century Economy| last = Medlin| first = Eric| date = 2020| website = Anchor| publisher = North Carolina Government & Heritage Library| access-date = September 24, 2023}} A new downtown baseball stadium was constructed for the Durham Bulls in 1994. The Durham Performing Arts Center now ranks in the top ten in theater ticket sales in the US according to Pollstar magazine. Many famous people have performed there including B.B. King and Willie Nelson. After the departure of the tobacco industry, large-scale renovations of the historic factories into offices, condominiums, and restaurants began to reshape downtown.{{cite web |date=September 21, 2010 |title=Durham |url=http://www.ourstate.com/articles/durham |url-status=dead |access-date=April 13, 2016 |website=Our State |archive-date=December 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211141353/http://www.ourstate.com/articles/durham/ }} While these efforts continue, the large majority of Durham's residential and retail growth since 1990 has been along the I-40 corridor in southern Durham County.{{Cite web |last=Lavigne |first=Lora |date=2021-11-23 |title=Officials expect Durham's population to double in the next 25 years |url=https://www.wral.com/officials-expect-durham-s-population-to-double-in-the-next-25-years/19998964/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=WRAL News |language=en}}

Major employers in Durham are Duke University and Duke Medical Center (39,000 employees, 14,000 students), about {{convert|2|mi|km}} west of the original downtown area, and companies in the Research Triangle Park (49,000 employees), about {{convert|10|mi|km}} southeast. These centers are connected by the Durham Freeway (NC 147).

File:CASD082 Jack Tar DiscoverDurham.jpg

File:SKYL032 Back Porch Skyline DiscoverDurham.jpg

File:ICON092 University Tower DiscoverDurham.jpg is the tallest building in Durham located outside of the downtown area.]]

{{see also|Downtown Durham Historic District}}

In recent years the city of Durham has stepped up revitalization of its downtown and undergone an economic and cultural renaissance of sorts. Partnering with developers from around the world, the city continues to promote the redevelopment of many of its former tobacco districts, projects supplemented by the earlier construction of the Durham Performing Arts Center and new Durham Bulls Athletic Park.{{cite web |date=October 7, 2010 |title=Office of Economic and Workforce Development |url=http://durhamnc.gov/ich/cb/oewd/Pages/Home.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513050936/http://durhamnc.gov/ich/cb/oewd/Pages/Home.aspx |archive-date=May 13, 2014 |access-date=May 4, 2014 |publisher=City of Durham |df=mdy}} The American Tobacco Historic District, adjacent to both the athletic park and performing arts center, is one such project, having successfully lured a number of restaurants, entertainment venues, and office space geared toward hi-tech entrepreneurs, investors, and startups.{{cite web |title=About Us: Welcome to Our Neighborhood |url=https://americantobacco.co/about-our-campus/ |access-date=May 4, 2014 |publisher=American Tobacco Historic District}} Many other companies have purchased and renovated historic buildings, such as Measurement Incorporated and Capitol Broadcasting Company.

The American Underground section of the American Tobacco Campus, home to successful small software firms including Red Hat, was selected by Google to host its launch of the Google Glass Road show in October 2013.{{cite web|last=McGee |first=Matt |url=http://glassalmanac.com/google-glass-road-show-starts-october-5th-durham-nc/ |title=The Google Glass Road Show Starts October 5th in Durham, NC |publisher=Glass Almanac |date=September 26, 2013 |access-date=May 4, 2014}} The district is also slated for expansion featuring 158,000 square feet of offices, retail, residential or hotel space{{cite web|url=http://www.durham-nc.com/about/new_visitor_developments/new_visitor_developments_chart.php |title=New Visitor Developments Chart |publisher=Durham, NC |access-date=May 4, 2014}} The Durham County Justice Center, a major addition to downtown Durham, was completed in early 2013.

Many of the historic tobacco buildings elsewhere in the city have been converted into loft-style apartment complexes. The downtown corridor along West Main St. has seen significant redevelopment including bars, entertainment venues, art studios,{{cite news| url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2013/01/20/travel/36-hours-in-durham-nc.html?pagewanted=all | newspaper=The New York Times | first=Ingrid K. | last=Williams | title=36 Hours in Durham, N.C | date=January 17, 2013}} and co-working spaces,{{cite web|url=http://mercurystudiodurham.com/ |title=mercurystudiodurham.com |publisher=mercurystudiodurham.com |access-date=May 4, 2014}} in addition to shopping and dining in nearby Brightleaf Square, another former tobacco warehouse in the Bright Leaf Historic District. Other current and future projects include expansion of the open-space surrounding the American Tobacco Trail, new hotels and apartment complexes, a $6.35-million facelift of Durham City Hall, and ongoing redevelopment of the Duke University Central Campus.

In 2013, 21c Museum Hotels announced plans to fully renovate the Hill Building. The renovations added a contemporary art museum and upscale restaurant to the historic building. Additionally, a boutique hotel was built in this major renovation effort in downtown Durham. Skanska is responsible for managing this project.{{cite web |url=http://www.21cmuseumhotels.com/blog/news/21c-begins-renovation-and-restoration-of-downtown-durhams-historic-hill-building/ |title=Downtown Durham NC | Opening 2015 |publisher=21c Museum Hotels |date=June 28, 2013 |access-date=May 4, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310061435/http://www.21cmuseumhotels.com/blog/news/21c-begins-renovation-and-restoration-of-downtown-durhams-historic-hill-building/ | archive-date= March 10, 2014 |url-status=dead|author-link=21c Museum Hotels }}{{cite web | url=https://www.21cmuseumhotels.com/durham/ | title=Hill Building: Museum, Boutique Hotel & Restaurant in Durham, NC | publisher=21c Museum Hotels | access-date=February 11, 2019}}

In 2014, it was announced that downtown Durham would be the site of a brand new 27 story high building, tentatively named "City Center Tower," but now called "One City Center".{{Cite web |date=2021-10-29 |title=Big-city amenities, big-city prices come with new residential tower in Durham |url=https://www.wral.com/big-city-amenities-big-city-prices-come-with-new-residential-tower-in-durham/19951187/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=WRAL News |language=en}} Along with other new buildings in downtown Durham, it was under construction in 2018.{{cite web | url=https://www.heraldsun.com/news/local/counties/durham-county/article214635105.html | title=One City Center and other new buildings in downtown Durham | newspaper=Durham Herald Sun | date=July 24, 2018 | access-date=February 11, 2019 | author=Vaughan, Dawn Baumgartner }} It was built on the corner of Main St. and Corcoran St. Upon its completion, it was the tallest building in downtown Durham and the 4th largest building in the Triangle. Originally scheduled for a 2016 opening, the building opening was delayed to May 2018.{{cite web|title = Construction set to begin on downtown Durham tower|url = http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/community/durham-news/article57052953.html|website = newsobserver|access-date = February 3, 2016}} The building was an $80 million project.{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/triangle/blog/real-estate/2015/01/new-buildings-durham-raleigh-nc-2015.html |title=Durham, Raleigh ready for new 26- and 23-story buildings |website=The Business Journals |access-date=April 13, 2016}}{{cite web | url=https://www.onecitycenter.com/retail#overview | title=Retail Space Available ― Downtown Durham NC — ONE CITY CENTER | publisher=One City Center | access-date=February 11, 2019 | archive-date=February 12, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212012108/https://www.onecitycenter.com/retail#overview | url-status=dead }}

In October 2014, a major new development, the Durham Innovation District, was announced. The development will span 15 acres and comprise over 1.7 million square feet of office, residential, and retail space.{{Cite news |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/real-estate-news/article10079894.html |title='Innovation District' coming to Durham's downtown |website=The News & Observer | access-date=2018-07-07 |language=en}}

On April 10, 2019, a gas explosion rocked Kaffeinate, a coffee shop in Bright Leaf Historic District. The blast destroyed a city block and killed Kong Lee, the owner, as well as injuring 25 others.

Durham is located in the east–central part of the Piedmont region at {{Coord|35|59|19|N|78|54|26|W|type:city}} (35.99, -78.9).{{cite web| url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html| publisher=United States Census Bureau| access-date=April 23, 2011| date=February 12, 2011| title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} Like much of the region, its topography is generally flat with some rolling hills.

As of 2022, the city had a total area of {{convert|116.19|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|115.36|sqmi}} was land and {{convert|0.82|sqmi}} (0.71%) was water.

The soil is predominantly clay, making it poor for agriculture. The Eno River, a tributary of the Neuse River, passes through the northern part of Durham, along with several other small creeks. The center of Durham is on a ridge that forms the divide between the Neuse River watershed, flowing east to Pamlico Sound, and the Cape Fear River watershed, flowing south to the Atlantic near Wilmington. A small portion of the city is in Wake County.

Durham is located 10 miles northeast of Chapel Hill,{{Cite web |url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-chapel-hill-nc-to-durham-nc |title=Distance between Chapel Hill, NC, and Durham, NC |website=Distance Between Cities |access-date=August 22, 2021}} 21 miles northwest of Raleigh, 50 miles east of Greensboro, 121 miles northeast of Charlotte and 134 miles southwest of Richmond, Virginia.

The climate of Durham is humid subtropical (Cfa according to the Köppen classification system), with hot and humid summers, cool winters, and warm to mild spring and autumn. Durham receives abundant precipitation, with thunderstorms common in the summer and high temperatures from 80 to 100 degrees F. The region sees an average of {{convert|7|in|mm}} of snow per year, with any snowfall usually melting within a few days.

The Durham area consistently ranks in the top 10 most challenging places to live with seasonal allergies.{{cite web | url=https://www.aafa.org/allergy-capitals/ | title=How the Top 100 U.S. Cities Rank for Seasonal Pollen Allergies | publisher=Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, supported by Bayer Claritin®}}

Climate change is expected to increase the number of days of extreme precipitation in Durham as well as moderately increase temperature within the region. The number of days of inland flooding within the Piedmont is also expected to increase, which puts Durham at higher risk of future flooding.{{Cite web |title=North Carolina Climate Science Report :: North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies |url=https://ncics.org/programs/nccsr/ |access-date=2023-01-09}} High-intensity short-duration storms are predicted to grow in frequency to upwards of 9 days a year by 2100.{{Cite web |title=Extreme Precipitation and Flooding {{!}} Durham County |url=https://www.dconc.gov/county-departments/departments-a-e/engineering-and-environmental-services/sustainability-office/climate-resilience/excessive-precipitation |access-date=2023-01-09 |publisher=Durham County, NC, government |language=en}} Inland flooding is anticipated to have a greater impact on the elderly and other at-risk groups.{{Cite web |title=Community Health Assessment |url=https://www.dcopublichealth.org/resources/health-resources-data/community-health-assessment |access-date=2023-01-09 |publisher=Durham County, NC, Public Health |language=en}}

{{Weather box |location = Raleigh–Durham International Airport, North Carolina (1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated from data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1887–present{{efn|Official records for Raleigh kept January 1887 to 17 May 1944 at downtown and at Raleigh–Durham Int'l since 18 May 1944. For more information, see [http://threadex.rcc-acis.org Threadex]}})

|single line = Y

|collapsed = Y

|Jan record high F = 80

|Feb record high F = 84

|Mar record high F = 94

|Apr record high F = 95

|May record high F = 99

|Jun record high F = 105

|Jul record high F = 105

|Aug record high F = 105

|Sep record high F = 104

|Oct record high F = 100

|Nov record high F = 88

|Dec record high F = 81

|year record high F = 105

|Jan avg record high F = 71.9

|Feb avg record high F = 74.4

|Mar avg record high F = 81.6

|Apr avg record high F = 86.4

|May avg record high F = 91.3

|Jun avg record high F = 96.6

|Jul avg record high F = 98.2

|Aug avg record high F = 96.7

|Sep avg record high F = 92.3

|Oct avg record high F = 86.7

|Nov avg record high F = 78.5

|Dec avg record high F = 72.8

|year avg record high F = 99.6

|Jan high F = 51.9

|Feb high F = 55.8

|Mar high F = 63.3

|Apr high F = 72.7

|May high F = 80.0

|Jun high F = 87.4

|Jul high F = 90.8

|Aug high F = 88.7

|Sep high F = 82.5

|Oct high F = 73.0

|Nov high F = 63.0

|Dec high F = 54.7

|year high F = 72.0

|Jan mean F = 41.9

|Feb mean F = 45.0

|Mar mean F = 51.8

|Apr mean F = 60.8

|May mean F = 68.8

|Jun mean F = 76.7

|Jul mean F = 80.5

|Aug mean F = 78.8

|Sep mean F = 72.6

|Oct mean F = 61.7

|Nov mean F = 51.5

|Dec mean F = 44.6

|year mean F = 61.2

|Jan low F = 31.8

|Feb low F = 34.2

|Mar low F = 40.3

|Apr low F = 48.9

|May low F = 57.7

|Jun low F = 66.0

|Jul low F = 70.2

|Aug low F = 68.9

|Sep low F = 62.7

|Oct low F = 50.3

|Nov low F = 40.0

|Dec low F = 34.4

|year low F = 50.4

|Jan avg record low F = 14.0

|Feb avg record low F = 19.2

|Mar avg record low F = 23.7

|Apr avg record low F = 32.2

|May avg record low F = 42.8

|Jun avg record low F = 54.2

|Jul avg record low F = 61.0

|Aug avg record low F = 58.7

|Sep avg record low F = 48.7

|Oct avg record low F = 33.2

|Nov avg record low F = 24.4

|Dec avg record low F = 19.9

|year avg record low F = 12.1

|Jan record low F = −9

|Feb record low F = −2

|Mar record low F = 11

|Apr record low F = 23

|May record low F = 29

|Jun record low F = 38

|Jul record low F = 48

|Aug record low F = 46

|Sep record low F = 37

|Oct record low F = 19

|Nov record low F = 11

|Dec record low F = 0

|year record low F = -9

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation inch = 3.43

|Feb precipitation inch = 2.78

|Mar precipitation inch = 4.10

|Apr precipitation inch = 3.53

|May precipitation inch = 3.58

|Jun precipitation inch = 3.89

|Jul precipitation inch = 5.02

|Aug precipitation inch = 4.71

|Sep precipitation inch = 5.15

|Oct precipitation inch = 3.37

|Nov precipitation inch = 3.32

|Dec precipitation inch = 3.39

|year precipitation inch = 46.07

|Jan snow inch = 2.6

|Feb snow inch = 1.4

|Mar snow inch = 0.3

|Apr snow inch = 0.0

|May snow inch = 0.0

|Jun snow inch = 0.0

|Jul snow inch = 0.0

|Aug snow inch = 0.0

|Sep snow inch = 0.0

|Oct snow inch = 0.0

|Nov snow inch = 0.1

|Dec snow inch = 0.8

|year snow inch = 5.2

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in

|Jan precipitation days = 10.1

|Feb precipitation days = 9.3

|Mar precipitation days = 10.7

|Apr precipitation days = 9.5

|May precipitation days = 9.9

|Jun precipitation days = 11.2

|Jul precipitation days = 11.7

|Aug precipitation days = 10.7

|Sep precipitation days = 9.0

|Oct precipitation days = 7.6

|Nov precipitation days = 8.2

|Dec precipitation days = 9.7

|year precipitation days = 117.6

|unit snow days = 0.1 in

|Jan snow days = 1.2

|Feb snow days = 1.2

|Mar snow days = 0.4

|Apr snow days = 0.0

|May snow days = 0.0

|Jun snow days = 0.0

|Jul snow days = 0.0

|Aug snow days = 0.0

|Sep snow days = 0.0

|Oct snow days = 0.0

|Nov snow days = 0.1

|Dec snow days = 0.5

|year snow days = 3.4

|Jan humidity = 66.5

|Feb humidity = 64.1

|Mar humidity = 63.0

|Apr humidity = 61.7

|May humidity = 71.1

|Jun humidity = 73.6

|Jul humidity = 76.0

|Aug humidity = 77.9

|Sep humidity = 77.1

|Oct humidity = 73.3

|Nov humidity = 69.1

|Dec humidity = 68.5

|year humidity = 70.2

|Jan sun = 163.8

|Feb sun = 173.1

|Mar sun = 228.9

|Apr sun = 250.7

|May sun = 258.4

|Jun sun = 267.7

|Jul sun = 259.5

|Aug sun = 239.6

|Sep sun = 217.6

|Oct sun = 215.4

|Nov sun = 174.0

|Dec sun = 157.6

|Jan percentsun = 53

|Feb percentsun = 57

|Mar percentsun = 62

|Apr percentsun = 64

|May percentsun = 59

|Jun percentsun = 61

|Jul percentsun = 58

|Aug percentsun = 57

|Sep percentsun = 58

|Oct percentsun = 62

|Nov percentsun = 56

|Dec percentsun = 52

|year percentsun = 59

| Jan dew point C = −2.9

| Feb dew point C = −2.1

| Mar dew point C = 2.1

| Apr dew point C = 6.3

| May dew point C = 12.9

| Jun dew point C = 17.5

| Jul dew point C = 19.9

| Aug dew point C = 19.7

| Sep dew point C = 16.4

| Oct dew point C = 9.6

| Nov dew point C = 4.1

| Dec dew point C = −0.5

|Jan uv = 3

|Feb uv = 4

|Mar uv = 6

|Apr uv = 7

|May uv = 9

|Jun uv = 10

|Jul uv = 10

|Aug uv = 9

|Sep uv = 8

|Oct uv = 5

|Nov uv = 3

|Dec uv = 2

|source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)

{{cite web |url = http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=rah |title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = May 5, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013722&format=pdf |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station: Raleigh Durham INTL AP, NC |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) |access-date=May 11, 2021}}{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72306.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for RALEIGH/RALEIGH–DURHAM, NC 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = July 25, 2020}}

|source 2 = Weather Atlas (UV Index){{cite web |url=https://www.weather-us.com/en/north-carolina-usa/raleigh-climate |title=Raleigh, North Carolina, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=June 29, 2019 }}

}}

{{US Census population

|1880= 2041

|1890= 5485

|1900= 6679

|1910= 18241

|1920= 21719

|1930= 52037

|1940= 60195

|1950= 71311

|1960= 78302

|1970= 95438

|1980= 101149

|1990= 136611

|2000= 187035

|2010= 228330

|2020= 283506

|estyear=2023

|estimate=296186

|estref=

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|df=mdy }}

}}

Durham's population, as of July 1, 2019 and according to the 2019 U.S. census data estimate, had grown to 278,993,{{Cite web|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2019|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html|access-date=2021-01-05|publisher=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US}} making it the 50th-fastest-growing city in the US, and the 2nd-fastest-growing city in North Carolina, behind Cary but ahead of Charlotte, Raleigh and Greensboro. As of the 2020 census, there were 283,506 people, 114,726 households, and 64,982 families residing in the city.

{{As of|2022|pre=the}} American Community Survey estimates, there were {{formatnum:291844}} people and {{formatnum:124536}} households.{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP05?g=160XX00US3719000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Demographic and Housing Estimates for Durham city, NC | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = United States Census Bureau}}{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2022.DP02?g=160XX00US3719000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States for Durham city, NC | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = United States Census Bureau}} The population density was {{convert|2499.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were {{formatnum:134423}} housing units at an average density of {{convert|1151.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}.{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2022.B25001?g=160XX00US3719000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Housing Units for Durham city, NC | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = United States Census Bureau}}To calculate density we use the land area figure from the places file in {{cite web| url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html | title = The 2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files}} The racial makeup of the city was 41.1% White, 34.7% Black or African American, 9.9% some other race, 6.7% Asian, and 0.6% Native American or Alaskan Native, with 7.1% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 14.1% of the population.

Of the {{formatnum:124536}} households, 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.2% had seniors 65 years or older living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% were couples cohabitating, 20.2% had a male householder with no partner present, and 35.1% had a female householder with no partner present. The median household size was {{formatnum:2.26}} and the median family size was {{formatnum:3.00}}.

The age distribution was 19.7% under 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 or older. The median age was {{formatnum:35.0}} years.{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S0101?g=160XX00US3719000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Age and Sex for Durham city, NC | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = United States Census Bureau}} For every 100 females, there were {{formatnum:87.4}} males.

The median income for a household was ${{formatnum:78105}}, with family households having a median income of ${{formatnum:90521}} and non-family households ${{formatnum:60203}}. The per capita income was ${{formatnum:46082}}.{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1901?g=160XX00US3719000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Durham city, NC | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = United States Census Bureau}}{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1902?g=160XX00US3719000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Mean Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2022 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for Durham city, NC | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = United States Census Bureau}} Out of the {{formatnum:282061}} people with a determined poverty status, 11.2% were below the poverty line. Further, 17.7% of minors and 7.3% of seniors were below the poverty line.{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2022.S1701?g=160XX00US3719000 | title= 2022 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months for Durham city, NC | access-date = 2024-06-20 | publisher = United States Census Bureau}}

In the survey, residents self-identified with various ethnic ancestries. People of English descent made up 9.3% of the population of the town, followed by German at 7.7%, Irish at 6.8%, Italian at 3.0%, American at 3.0%, Sub-Saharan African at 2.6%, Polish at 2.0%, Scottish at 1.9%, French at 1.4%, Scotch-Irish at 1.3%, Caribbean (excluding Hispanics) at 0.9%, Dutch at 0.8%, Norwegian at 0.8%, Swedish at 0.8%, Russian at 0.7%, and Welsh at 0.6%.

File:Durham University Tower.JPG

Duke University and Duke University Health System are Durham's largest employers. Below is a list of Durham's largest employers.{{cite web | title = Economic Profile - Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce {{!}} Large Employers/Manufacturers and Headquarters | work = Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce | access-date = December 16, 2014 | url = http://durhamchamber.org/economic-development/economic-profile#Large_EmployersManufacturers_and_Headquarters | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180425181113/http://durhamchamber.org/economic-development/economic-profile#Large_EmployersManufacturers_and_Headquarters | archive-date = April 25, 2018 | url-status = dead }}

Healthcare and pharmaceuticals continue to grow in importance with many companies based in Durham including GlaxoSmithKline, IQVIA, Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Parexel International, Chimerix, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Bio Products Laboratory USA, bioMérieux USA and North Carolina Biotechnology Center.

Other prominent companies based in Durham include Center for Community Self-Help, Liggett Group, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Bronto Software, Counter Culture Coffee, Burt's Bees, McKinney (advertising agency), Sugar Hill Records, Mechanics and Farmers Bank, Southern Express.

Durham is the venue for the annual Bull Durham Blues Festival and the OUTsouth Queer Film Festival, the 2nd largest LGBTQ+ film festival in the Southeast.{{cite web|author=St. Joseph’s Historic Foundation|date=January 22, 2016|title=2015 Bull Durham Blues Festival|url=http://durhamcentralpark.org/event/2015-bull-durham-blues-festival/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907234819/http://durhamcentralpark.org/event/2015-bull-durham-blues-festival/|archive-date=September 7, 2015|access-date=April 13, 2016|publisher=Durham Central Park}}{{cite web |last1=Nichols |first1=James Michael |title=Say Goodbye to The North Carolina Gay + Lesbian Film Festival. Say Hello to The OutSouth Queer Film Festival |url=https://indyweek.com/culture/screen/nc-gay-lesbian-film-festival-outsouth-2019/ |website=INDY Week |access-date=July 27, 2021 |language=en-us |date=14 August 2019}} Other events include jazz festivals, plays, symphony concerts, art exhibitions, and a multitude of cultural expositions, including the American Dance Festival, Tobacco Road Dance, the Full Frame Documentary Film Festival and the Better Cities Film Festival.{{Cite web |last=Plaskett |first=Ralph |title=ANNOUNCEMENT {{!}} The Better Cities Film Festival is Coming to Durham February 9+10 |url=https://www.southernurbanism.org/p/announcement-the-better-cities-film |access-date=2024-02-05 |publisher=Southern Urbanism |language=en}} A center of Durham's culture is its Carolina Theatre, which presents concerts, comedy and arts in historic Fletcher Hall and Independent and repertory film in its cinemas. There is a resurgence of restaurants in and around the downtown area, including several new restaurants in the American Tobacco District. The Nasher Museum of Art opened in October 2005 and has produced nationally recognized traveling exhibitions of global, contemporary art.

File:STRT014 Brightleaf Square DiscoverDurham.jpg

Durham also has a history museum, the Museum of Durham History. In 2019, the museum hosted several exhibits, including one on journalist and civil rights activist Louis Austin, and in conjunction with the 150th anniversary of the city of Durham, an exhibit titled, "150 Faces of Durham", which highlighted many of the women and men who influenced the history of Durham.{{Cite web |date=2018-12-20 |title=Museum of Durham History Tells Story of Publisher Louis Austin |url=https://www.thepilot.com/news/features/museum-of-durham-history-tells-story-of-publisher-louis-austin/article_19556e52-ffeb-11e8-a3c3-63312e4d3ba3.html |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=The Pilot Newspaper |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2019 |title=150 Faces of Durham highlights contributions to Durham's past and present - Museum of Durham History |url=https://www.museumofdurhamhistory.org/blog/150-faces-of-durham-highlights-contributions-to-durhams-past-and-present/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |language=en-US}}

The Durham Association for Downtown Arts (DADA) is a non-profit arts organization located in the downtown area. Incorporated in 2000, the organization's mission is a commitment to the development, presentation and fiscal sponsorship of original art and performance in Durham. DADA supports local artists working in a diversity of artistic media. DADA also helps local residents gain access to these artists by providing free or low-cost venue admission.{{Cite web |last=Carlson |first=Angie |date=2002-06-26 |title=DADA |url=http://indyweek.com/guides/archives-guides/dada/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=INDY Week |language=en-US}}

Movies such as Bull Durham (1988) and The Handmaid's Tale (1989) have been shot in Durham.Barth, Jack (1991). Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More. Contemporary Books. Page 174. {{ISBN|9780809243266}}.

Durham has an active and diverse local music culture. Artists' styles range from jazz, hip-hop, soul, folk, Americana, blues, bluegrass, punk, metal and rock. Popular bands and musicians include Branford Marsalis, Iron & Wine, Carolina Chocolate Drops, The Mountain Goats, John Dee Holeman, 9th Wonder, Red Clay Ramblers, The Old Ceremony, Megafaun, Curtis Eller, Mount Moriah, Hiss Golden Messenger, Sylvan Esso, Mel Melton, Hammer No More the Fingers, Yahzarah, G Yamazawa, and Jim Mills. Members of The Butchies, Superchunk, Chatham County Line, Alice Donut, and the Avett Brothers live in Durham.

Merge Records, a successful independent record label, has its headquarters in downtown Durham.{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/label/7496-Merge-Records |title=Merge Records - CDs and Vinyl |website=Discogs |date=August 19, 2015 |access-date=April 13, 2016}} Other independent record labels include Jamla, 307 Knox, Churchkey Records, and Paradise of Bachelors. Roots label Sugar Hill Records was founded in Durham, by Barry Lyle Poss,{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/artist/692205-Barry-Poss |title=Barry Poss Discography |website=Discogs |access-date=April 13, 2016}} before it moved to Nashville in 1998. In 1996, the feminist / queer record label Mr. Lady Records was founded and operated in Durham until its demise in 2004.{{cite web|date=July 2004 |first1=Kat |last1=Siddle |website=DISCORDER |title=Farewell, Mr. Lady|url=http://discorder.citr.ca/features/04julyfarewell.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205836/http://discorder.citr.ca/features/04julyfarewell.html|archive-date=September 27, 2007|access-date=April 13, 2016}}

Duke University's radio station WXDU is an active participant in the community. WNCU, which is supported in part by NPR, is a jazz focused FM radio station, with broadcast studios on the campus of NCCU.

The music album Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil by composer Rajan Somasundaram made in association with Academy nominated singer Bombay Jayashri and Durham Symphony (led by William Henry Curry) became Amazon's Top#10 bestseller under 'International Music album' category in 2020.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wrde.com/story/41604487/nc-based-composer-rajan-revives-ancient-tamil-poetry-with-leading-singers-and-musicians-from-india-and-usa|title=NC based Composer Rajan revives ancient Tamil poetry with leading singers and musicians from India and USA|website=CoastTV|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215174958/https://www.wrde.com/story/41604487/nc-based-composer-rajan-revives-ancient-tamil-poetry-with-leading-singers-and-musicians-from-india-and-usa|url-status=dead}}

Durham has a rich history of African American rhythm and blues, soul, and funk music. In the 1960s and 1970s, more than 40 R&B, soul, and funk groups—including The Modulations, The Black Experience Band, The Communicators, and Duralcha—recorded over 30 singles and three full-length albums. Durham was also home to ten recording labels that released soul music, though most of them only released one or two records apiece. A few successful local soul groups from Durham also recorded on national labels like United Artists or on regional labels in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast.{{cite web |url=http://BullCitySoul.org |title=Introduction |website=Bull City Soul |access-date=April 13, 2016}}

Since 1980, the Eno River Festival has been held annually at the West Point on the Eno park in Durham, hosting a wide variety of musical acts.{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://enofest.org/about/history/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |publisher=Enofest |language=en-US}}

Durham is home to the Nasher Museum of Art and smaller visual arts galleries and studios. Downtown Durham sponsors a celebration of culture and arts on display every third Friday of the month, year round. The event has come to be known as 3rd Friday.

A selection of locally renowned galleries remain in business throughout the city. Galleries include but are not limited to local spots such as the Pleiades Gallery, the Carrack Modern Art, and Golden Belt Studios. Supporting a variety of local, nationwide, and worldwide talent, these galleries often host weekly events and art shows. The Durham Art Walk is another annual arts festival hosted in May each year in downtown Durham. The Durham Art Walk features a variety of artists that come together each year for a large showcase of work in the streets of Durham. A secondary magnet school, Durham School of the Arts, is also located in downtown Durham. It focuses on providing education in various forms of art ranging from visual to the performing arts.{{cite web|url=http://artisticdurham.weebly.com/ |title=Artistic Durham |publisher=Weebly.com |access-date=March 6, 2015}}

File:BSKT005 Cameron Indoor Stadium DiscoverDurham.jpg]]

Collegiate athletics are a primary focus in Durham. Duke University's men's basketball team draws a large following, selling out every home game at Cameron Indoor Stadium since 1990.{{cite web|last=Favat|first=Brian|date=May 18, 2009|title=Headlines: Men's Basketball Attendance Ranked 99th Nationally|url=http://www.bcinterruption.com/2009/05/headlines-mens-basketball-attendance.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522032228/http://www.bcinterruption.com/2009/05/headlines-mens-basketball-attendance.html|archive-date=May 22, 2009|access-date=July 15, 2012|publisher=BC Interruption}} The fans are known as the Cameron Crazies and are known nationwide for their chants and rowdiness. The team has won the NCAA Division I championship three times since 2001 and five times overall.{{cite web|url=http://www.fanbay.net/ncaa/final4.htm |title=NCAA College Basketball Tournament Winners and Final Four Teams |publisher=Fanbay.net |access-date=July 15, 2012}} Duke competes in a total of 27 sports in the Atlantic Coast Conference.{{Cite web|url=https://goduke.com/|title=Duke Athletics – Duke University |publisher=Duke Blue Devils |access-date=May 30, 2022}}

File:DBAP023 Durham Bulls DiscoverDurham.jpg]]

Durham's professional sports team is the Durham Bulls International League baseball team. A movie involving an earlier Carolina League team of that name, Bull Durham, was produced in 1988. Today's Bulls play in the Durham Bulls Athletic Park, on the southern end of downtown, constructed in 1994. One of the more successful teams in the minor leagues, the Bulls usually generate an annual attendance of around 500,000. Previously Durham Athletic Park (DAP), located on the northern end of downtown, had served as the Bull's ballpark. Historically, many players for the current and former Durham Bulls teams have transferred to the big leagues after several years in the minor leagues. DAP has been preserved for the use of other teams as well as for concerts sponsored by the City of Durham and other events. The Durham Dragons, a women's fast pitch softball team, played in the Durham Athletic Park from 1998 to 2000. The DAP recently went through a $5 million renovation.

File:Durham County Justice.JPG]]

{{see also|List of mayors of Durham, North Carolina}}

Durham operates under a council–manager form of government.{{Cite web |title=City Government Guide |url=https://www.durhamnc.gov/1328/City-Government-Guide |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=City of Durham}} The city is led by a city council and a mayor. Council members are chosen in staggered elections to serve four year terms, while mayoral elections are held every two years.{{cite web| url = https://www.axios.com/local/raleigh/2024/03/20/raleigh-city-council-considering-a-move-to-4-year-terms| title = Raleigh City Council considering a move to 4-year terms| last = Eanes| first = Zachary| date = March 20, 2024| website = Axios Raleigh| publisher = Axios Media| access-date = March 23, 2024}} The mayor presides over meetings of the city council and makes some committee appointments, while much of the regular management of the city's administration falls to the city manager.{{cite news| last = Leonard| first = Ben| title = How Steve Schewel put muscle into Durham's "weak mayor" system| newspaper = 9th Street Journal| date = July 19, 2020| url = https://9thstreetjournal.org/2020/07/19/how-steve-schewel-put-muscle-into-durhams-weak-mayor-system/| access-date = August 9, 2023}} In November 2021, Elaine O'Neal was elected mayor of Durham, becoming the first black female mayor in the city.{{Cite web |url=https://abc11.com/durham-mayor-elaine-oneal-crime-elections/11192433/ |title=Durham elects Elaine O'Neal City's First Black Female Mayor |last=Brown|first=Joel |date=November 3, 2021 |publisher=ABC11 |access-date=November 3, 2021}} The current mayor is Leonardo Williams, who was elected in November 2023.{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Mary Helen |date=December 5, 2023 |title=New leaders take office in Durham. Here's who's in charge now. |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/counties/durham-county/article282683443.html |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=The News & Observer}}

Federally, Durham is in North Carolina's 4th congressional district, which is represented by Democrat Valerie Foushee.

The new Durham County Justice Center was completed in early 2013.

The area is predominantly Democratic, and has voted for the Democratic Party's presidential candidate in every election since the city's founding in 1869. Durham County is the most liberal-leaning county in North Carolina, with over 80% of the county voting for Democratic candidate Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election.{{Cite web |last=Vale |first=Andrea |date=2023-06-14 |title=Most liberal county in conservative states |url=https://theeagle.com/news/most-liberal-county-in-conservative-states/collection_1e8fea4d-b51a-5f20-947a-707fa7536dcc.html |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=The Eagle |language=en}} The city's politics have long been dominated by the activities of two local political action committees, the People's Alliance (PA) and the Durham Committee on the Affairs of Black People (DCABP). PA is a mostly-white progressive organization, while the DCABP is a black moderate group.{{cite news| last = Hartman| first = Matt| title = Ahead of Municipal Elections This Fall, Durham Grapples With What's Next for a Scandal-Plagued City Council| newspaper = INDY Week| date = August 9, 2023| url = https://indyweek.com/news/durham/ahead-of-municipal-elections-this-fall-durham-grapples-with-whats-next-for-a-scandal-plagued-city-council/| access-date = August 9, 2023}}

Key political issues have been the redevelopment of Downtown Durham and revival of other historic neighborhoods and commercial districts, ending cash bail, ending mandatory sentencing minimums, decriminalization of marijuana, raising minimum wage for city employees to $15, the fluoridation of public drinking water, a 45% reduction of crime, a 10-year plan to end homelessness, initiatives to reduce truancy, and growth and development. A merger of Durham City Schools (several inner city neighborhoods) and Durham County Schools in the early 1990s ignited controversy. More recently, the Durham City Council's 2018 statement opposing militarized policing that mentioned Israel has drawn its third lawsuit.{{cite web |url= https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/article228418349.html | date = March 26, 2019 | title = Durham faces 3rd lawsuit over police-training statement and Israel | first = DAWN | last = BAUMGARTNER VAUGHAN | work = News Observer}} In 2018, Durham appointed its first Latino council member Javiera Caballero.{{cite web | url = https://durhamnc.gov/3286/Javiera-Caballero | title = Javiera Caballero | work = durhamnc.gov}} In 2023, Durham elected Nate Baker to the city council, its first candidate endorsed by the Triangle chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America.{{cite web |title=Nate Baker |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Nate_Baker |website=Ballotpedia |access-date=9 November 2023}}

Public schools in Durham are run by the Durham Public Schools, the eighth-largest school district in North Carolina. The district runs 46 public schools, consisting of 30 elementary, 10 middle, 2 secondary, and 12 high schools. Several magnet high schools focus on distinct subject areas, such as the Durham School of the Arts and the City of Medicine Academy.{{cite web|url=http://choice.dpsnc.net/choice-schools/high-schools/city-of-medicine-academy |title=City of Medicine Academy |publisher=Choice.dpsnc.net |date=February 15, 2012 |access-date=July 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812040736/http://choice.dpsnc.net/choice-schools/high-schools/city-of-medicine-academy |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |df=mdy }} Public schools in Durham were partially segregated until 1970.

The North Carolina School for Science and Mathematics is a boarding high school operated by the University of North Carolina System in central Durham. The residential school accepts rising juniors living in North Carolina, with a focus on science, mathematics, and technology.

There are several charter school options as well, including Research Triangle High School (a STEM school in Research Triangle Park), Voyager Academy (K–12), Kestrel Heights School (K–12), Maureen Joy Charter School (K–8), and most recently Excelsior Classical Academy (K–12).

Several private schools operate in Durham,{{cite web|title=Top Durham County Private Elementary Schools|url=http://www.privateschoolreview.com/county_elementary_schools/stateid/NC/county/37063|access-date=July 15, 2012|publisher=Privateschoolreview.com}} such as Durham Academy, Triangle Day School, and The Duke School. There are also religious schools, including Carolina Friends School, Trinity School of Durham and Chapel Hill, Cristo Rey Research Triangle High School, Immaculata Catholic School, and Durham Nativity School.{{Cite web|title=The History of Trinity School|url=https://www.trinityschoolnc.org/about/mission-and-history/the-history-of-trinity-school|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617050128/https://www.trinityschoolnc.org/about/mission-and-history/the-history-of-trinity-school|archive-date=June 17, 2017|access-date=March 3, 2020|publisher=Trinity School of Durham and Chapel Hill}}

File:Duke Chapel, West Campus, Duke University, Durham, NC (48960162763).jpg at Duke University.]]

File:NCCU020 NCCU Sign DiscoverDurham.jpg

Duke University has approximately 14,000 students, split evenly between graduates and undergraduates.{{cite web|title=Quick Facts About Duke|url=http://newsoffice.duke.edu/all-about-duke/quick-facts-about-duke|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316091357/http://newsoffice.duke.edu/all-about-duke/quick-facts-about-duke|archive-date=March 16, 2015|access-date=July 15, 2012|publisher=Newsoffice.duke.edu}} Duke's 8600-acre campus and Medical Center are located in western Durham, about {{convert|2|mi|km}} from downtown. Duke forms one of the three vertices of the Research Triangle, along with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University.

North Carolina Central University is a public historically black university located in southeastern Durham. The university was founded by James E. Shepard in 1910 as the National Religious Training School and Chautauqua to address the needs of the region's black population, and now grants baccalaureate, master's, professional and doctoral degrees. NCCU became a university in 1969 and joined the University of North Carolina System in 1972.

Durham Technical Community College is a two-year public institution that grants associate degrees.

{{see also|List of newspapers in North Carolina|List of radio stations in North Carolina|List of television stations in North Carolina}}

The major daily newspaper in Durham is The Herald-Sun, which began publication in 1893. The Durham-based Independent Weekly, noted for its progressive/liberal perspective, provides political and entertainment news for the greater Research Triangle; it began publication in 1983. Duke's independent student newspaper, The Chronicle, also provides local coverage.

Durham is part of the Raleigh–Durham–Fayetteville designated market area, the 24th-largest broadcast television market in the United States.{{Cite web |date=2021-06-25 |title=Raleigh–Durham (Fayetteville) DMA Map 2022 |url=https://www.mediamarketmap.com/raleigh-durham-fayetteville-designated-market-media-map/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Media Market Map |language=en-US}} ABC-owned and -operated WTVD is licensed to and based in Durham, while the studios for statewide public television service UNC-TV are based in Research Triangle Park. All major U.S. television networks have affiliates serving the region.

The city is part of the Raleigh–Durham Arbitron radio market, ranked No. 37 nationally.{{Cite web |title=True Market {{!}} Radio Audience Ratings |url=https://www.rab.com/public/trueMarket.cfm |access-date=2022-11-06 |publisher=RAB |archive-date=September 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922185924/https://www.rab.com/public/trueMarket.cfm |url-status=dead }} National Public Radio affiliate WUNC, based in Chapel Hill, has significant operations in Durham.

File:Durhamstationfls.jpg]]

File:Downtown Durham Station.jpg

{{See also|Durham, North Carolina (Amtrak station)}}

Most travel in Durham is by private motor vehicle on its network of public streets and highways. Important arteries for traffic include NC 147, which connects Duke University, downtown, and Research Triangle Park, U.S. 15-501 between Durham and Chapel Hill, I-85, connecting Durham to Virginia and western North Carolina cities, and I-40 running across southern Durham County between the Research Triangle Park and Chapel Hill. The I-40 corridor has been the main site of commercial and residential development in Durham since its opening in the early 1990s. Over 95% of commuters use a car to get to work, with 14% of those people in carpools.

Durham maintains an extensive network of bicycle routes and trails and has been recognized with a Bicycle Friendly Community Award.{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story_news_durham/9550560/article-Cycling-group--Durham--Bicycle-Friendly- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711163639/http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story_news_durham/9550560/article-Cycling-group--Durham--Bicycle-Friendly- |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |title=Cycling group Durham Bicycle Friendly |publisher=The Herald-Sun |access-date=July 15, 2012 }} The American Tobacco Trail begins in downtown and continues south through Research Triangle Park and ends in Wake County. The city is also considering furthering the progress on the Triangle Greenway System.

Air travel is provided by Raleigh–Durham International Airport, 12 miles southeast of Durham, which enplanes about 4.5 million passengers per year. Frequent service (five flights a day or more) is available to Boston, Charlotte, Philadelphia, New York LaGuardia, New York Kennedy, Newark, Washington Reagan, Washington Dulles, Chicago O'Hare, Dallas, Houston, and Atlanta, GA. Non-stop daily service is provided to approximately 30 destinations in the United States and daily international service is also available to London Heathrow, Toronto-Pearson and Paris Charles de Gaulle.

Amtrak operates the daily Carolinian train between Charlotte and New York City, which stops in downtown Durham. The State of North Carolina, in cooperation with Amtrak, operates four additional daily Piedmont trains between Raleigh and Charlotte which also stop in Durham. A new Amtrak station was built in 2011 in a former tobacco warehouse. Some of the downtown streets cross the tracks at grade level, while other intersections have grade separation. One downtown railroad underpass has attracted national media coverage because it provided only 11 feet 8 inches of clearance, damaging the roofs of many trucks.{{cite news |title = A Little off the Top: Durham's 'Canopener Bridge' Makes the Front Page of the Wall Street Journal |date = January 6, 2016 |work = Indy Week |first = Danny |last = Hooley |access-date = January 8, 2016 |url = http://www.indyweek.com/news/archives/2016/01/06/a-little-off-the-top-durhams-canopener-bridge-makes-the-front-page-of-the-wall-street-journal |archive-date = January 9, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109022925/http://www.indyweek.com/news/archives/2016/01/06/a-little-off-the-top-durhams-canopener-bridge-makes-the-front-page-of-the-wall-street-journal |url-status = dead }} On October 26, 2019, the underpass was temporarily closed to both automotive and train traffic so that the track could be raised to improve the railway grade in that location and increase the clearance underneath to 12 feet 4 inches.{{cite news |last=Chin |first=Chris |date=October 21, 2019 |title=Famously Low '11-Foot-8' Bridge Will Be Raised by Eight Inches to Stop the Carnage |url=https://www.thedrive.com/news/30524/famously-low-11-foot-8-bridge-will-be-raised-by-eight-inches-to-stop-the-carnage/ |access-date=August 16, 2024 |website=The Drive}} Nonetheless, a few accidents still occur.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

National bus service is provided by Greyhound and Megabus at the Durham Transit Station in downtown Durham, which opened in 2009. GoDurham provides municipal bus service.

File:TSPT021 Durham Station Transportation Center DiscoverDurham.jpg

GoTriangle offers scheduled, fixed-route regional and commuter bus service between Raleigh and the region's other principal cities of Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill, as well as to and from the Raleigh–Durham International Airport, Research Triangle Park and several of the region's larger suburban communities. GoTriangle also coordinates an extensive vanpool and rideshare program that serves the region's larger employers and commute destinations.

From 1995, the cornerstone of GoTriangle's long-term plan was a {{convert|28|mi|km|adj=on}} rail corridor from northeast Raleigh, through downtown Raleigh, Cary, and Research Triangle Park, to Durham using DMU technology. There were proposals to extend this corridor {{convert|7|mi|km}} to Chapel Hill with light rail technology. However, in 2006 Triangle Transit deferred implementation indefinitely when the Federal Transit Administration declined to fund the program. Government agencies throughout the Raleigh–Durham metropolitan area have struggled to determine the best means of providing fixed-rail transit service for the region. The project was cancelled 2019 with costs more than $157 million.{{Cite web |date=2021-04-30 |title=As the Triangle's job market booms, is the area ready for a commuter rail? Transportation leader says 'yes' |url=https://abc11.com/raleigh-train-station-railroad-railway-metro/10560587/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=ABC11 Raleigh–Durham |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2022 |title=GoTriangle report details spending of $157 million on failed Durham-Orange light rail |url=https://www.wral.com/story/gotriangle-report-details-spending-of-157-million-on-failed-durham-orange-light-rail/20262149/}}{{Cite web |date=2010-01-27 |title=North Carolina's Triangle Questions How Best to Connect a Multipolar Region |url=https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/01/27/north-carolinas-triangle-questions-how-best-to-connect-a-multipolar-region/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Transport Politic |language=en-US}}

The region's two metropolitan planning organizations appointed a group of local citizens in 2007 to reexamine options for future transit development in light of Triangle Transit's problems. The Special Transit Advisory Commission (STAC) retained many of the provisions of Triangle Transit's original plan, but recommended adding new bus services and raising additional revenues by adding a new local half-cent sales tax to fund the project.{{cite web|url=http://www.transitblueprint.org/stac.shtml |title=Regional Transit Infrastructure Blueprint |publisher=Transitblueprint.org |date=May 21, 2008 |access-date=July 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106111406/http://www.transitblueprint.org/stac.shtml |archive-date=November 6, 2011 }}

Duke University also maintains its own transit system. Duke Transit operates more than 30 buses, with routes throughout the campus and health system. Duke campus buses and vans have alternate schedules or do not operate during breaks and holidays.

To help create safer roadways for vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians, drivers can enroll in Durham's Pace Car Program, agreeing to drive the speed limit, stop at all stop signs, stop at all red lights, and stop to let pedestrians cross the street.{{cite web|url=http://www.douthit.biz/docs/pace_car_brochure.pdf |title=City of Durham Pace Car Project |publisher=Douthit and Company |access-date=2017-02-24}}

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• Kate Lee Harris Adams, aviator and member of the Women Airforce Service Pilots during World War II
• Blind Boy Fuller (Fulton Allen), musician
• Louis Austin (1898–1971), journalist, civil rights leader
• Ernie Barnes, artist/painter{{cite web|title=Ernie Barnes|url=http://www.erniebarnes.com/biography.html|website=ErnieBarnes.com|access-date=18 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216172615/http://www.erniebarnes.com/biography.html|archive-date=December 16, 2016|df=mdy-all}}
• Kara Medoff Barnett, theater producer, arts director
• Samuel Beam, singer/songwriter from Iron & Wine, current resident
• Ben Brantley, The New York Times theater critic
• Joseph Penn Breedlove, first Duke University librarian
• Andrew Britton, novelist
• Mic'hael Brooks, NFL player
• Little Brother, hip-hop group
• Kelly Bruno, world-record–holding amputee runner and athlete; contestant on reality TV show Survivor: Nicaragua
• Dan Bryk, singer, rock star
• Shirley Caesar, pastor and gospel recording artist
• Carolina Chocolate Drops, folk band who cite their hometown as Durham
• Anthony Roth Costanzo, countertenor known for his performance as the title role of the opera Akhnaten (opera)
• Crystal Cox, track and field athlete; member of national team for the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics; contestant on reality TV show Survivor: Gabon
• Roger Lee Craig,{{cite web |url= http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=craigro01|title= Roger Lee Craig|access-date=July 16, 2007 |publisher=Baseball Almanac}} Major League Baseball pitcher and manager
• John Darnielle, musician and novelist best known as the primary (and often solitary) member of the American band the Mountain Goats, for which he is the writer, composer, guitarist, pianist, and vocalistHoard, Christian. [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/how-the-mountain-goats-john-darnielle-became-the-best-storyteller-in-rock-20150407 "The Slow Climb: How the Mountain Goats' John Darnielle Became the Best Storyteller in Rock."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905125807/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/how-the-mountain-goats-john-darnielle-became-the-best-storyteller-in-rock-20150407 |date=September 5, 2017 }}, Rolling Stone, April 7, 2015. Web. April 3, 2016.
• Betty Davis, funk and soul singer
• Reverend Gary Davis, musician
• The Duffer Brothers, creators of the Netflix series Stranger Things
• Benjamin Newton Duke, tobacco, textile, and energy industrialist and philanthropist[https://www.ncdcr.gov/blog/2014/04/27/benjamin-duke-and-the-dukes-of-durham Benjamin Duke and the "Dukes of Durham"]. North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
• James Buchanan Duke, industrialist, founder of The Duke Endowment and Duke University
• Tempest DuJour, drag performer and professor, known for competing on RuPaul's Drag Race season 7
• Victor Dzau, scientist and academic
• Sylvan Esso, grammy-nominated dance and electronic music duo
• Rapsody (Marlanna Evans), Grammy-nominated female rapper{{Cite web |last=Hanrahan |first=Kathy |date=29 Jan 2018 |title=Durham rapper makes history at Grammys |url=https://www.wral.com/rapsody-grammy-rapper-durham-nc-grammys/17297361/?version=amp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195626/https://www.wral.com/rapsody-grammy-rapper-durham-nc-grammys/17297361/?version=amp |archive-date=29 Jan 2018 |publisher=WRAL}}
• Pura Fé, Native American singer
• Rick Ferrell, Major League Baseball catcher; member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame{{cite web|url=http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/ferreri01.php |title=Rick Ferrell |access-date=July 16, 2007 |publisher=The Baseball Page |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225536/http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/ferreri01.php |archive-date=September 26, 2007 }}
• John Wesley Fletcher, pastor
• Tate Fogleman, NASCAR driver
• Nnenna Freelon, jazz singer/composer
• Philip Freelon (1953–2019), architect, designer of the National Museum of African American History and Culture
• Penny Fuller, award-winning actress in numerous Broadway, film, and television productions
• Julian Gamble (born 1989), basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
• David Garrard, NFL quarterback from 2002 to 2013
• David Gergen, advisor to presidents Ford, Reagan, and Clinton
• Heather Gordon (born 1967), artist
• Lisa Grabarek, teacher and Baptist preacher
• John H. Hager, former Virginia lieutenant governor (1998–2002) and the father-in-law of former First Daughter Jenna Bush Hager
• Mary Katharine Ham, Conservative journalist; grew up in Durham{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/19/politics/ham-axe-files/index.html|title=Three things that shaped Mary Katharine Ham's conservative world|publisher=CNN|access-date=August 9, 2019}}
• Michael Hardt, philosopher and theorist of globalization, politics and culture
• Jay Huff, professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies{{Cite web|url=http://www.wralsportsfan.com/durham-native-jay-huff-admits-he-s-a-little-more-amped-when-he-plays-the-hometown-team/18984777/|title=Durham native Jay Huff admits he's a little more amped when he plays the hometown team|last=Brownlow|first=Lauren|date=February 29, 2020|website=Wralsportsfan.com|access-date=February 26, 2021}}
• Brandon Hargest, singer for Jump5
• Brittany Hargest, singer for Jump5
• Heather Havrilesky, author, essayist, and humorist raised in Durham{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/books/article/Disaster-Preparedness-by-Heather-Havrilesky-2476374.php|title='Disaster Preparedness,' by Heather Havrilesky|last1=Zigmond|first1=Dan|last2=Chronicle|first2=Special to The|date=2011-02-06|website=SFGate|access-date=2019-11-24}}
• Biff Henderson, Late Show with David Letterman comedian and television personality
• Wilbur Hobby, labor leader and former president of the North Carolina AFL-CIO
• Alexander Isley, designer and educator
• Fredric Jameson, literary critic and Marxist political theorist
• Big Daddy Kane, hip-hop artist and actor{{cite web|title=Big Daddy Kane, The Jay-Z Of '89, Still Every Bit The Playa|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1455072/big-daddy-kane-still-playa.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619065833/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1455072/big-daddy-kane-still-playa.jhtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 19, 2012|work=MTV News|access-date=September 7, 2011}}
• John P. Kee, pastor and gospel recording artist
• Stuart Krohn (born 1962), professional rugby union player
• Mike Krzyzewski, former head coach of the Duke men's basketball team and former head coach of Team USA{{Cite web|url=https://goduke.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/coaches/mike-krzyzewski/3607|title=Mike Krzyzewski Bio – Duke University|publisher=Duke Blue Devils|access-date=August 8, 2021}}
• Patrick Kypson, professional tennis player[https://www.atptour.com/en/players/patrick-kypson/k0a3/overview Patrick Kypson | Overview | ATP Tour | Tennis]. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
• Mur Lafferty, podcaster and writer
• James G. Leyburn, sociologist, professor, author{{Cite web |date=1993-05-01 |title=James Leyburn dies at 91 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/919006854/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=The Roanoke Times |language=en-US |via=Newspapers.com}}
• Caitlin Linney, singer/songwriter
• John D. Loudermilk, songwriter ("Tobacco Road", "Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye")
• John Lucas II, NBA player and coach
• David Lynch, film and TV director; lived in Durham as a child; parents met at Duke UniversityRodley, Chris; Lynch, David (2005). Lynch on Lynch (2nd ed.). Macmillan. {{ISBN|0-571-22018-5}}.
• John Malachi, jazz pianist{{Citation|last1 = Rinzler|first1 = Paul|last2 = Kernfeld|first2 = Barry|title = Malachi, John |publisher = Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press|url = http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/J286100|access-date = July 25, 2015|url-access=subscription }}
• Crystal Mangum, accuser in the 2006 Duke lacrosse case,{{cite web|date=April 11, 2007|title=Crystal Gail Mangum: Profile of the Duke Rape Accuser|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/crystal-gail-mangum-profile-of-the-duke-rape-accuser|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415005129/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,265374,00.html|archive-date=April 15, 2007|access-date=April 15, 2011|publisher=Fox News}} who was later found guilty of fatally stabbing her boyfriend{{Cite news|url=http://www.wral.com/mangum-found-guilty-in-boyfriend-s-stabbing-death/13143246/|title=Mangum found guilty in boyfriend's stabbing death|date=2013-11-22|website=Wral.com|access-date=2017-07-19|language=en}}
• Leo Mangum, Major League Baseball pitcher[https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/mangule01.shtml Leo Mangum Stats]. Baseball-Reference. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
• John H. Manning, lawyer, officer and Adjutant General of North Carolina
• Pigmeat Markham, comic actor and novelty musician
• Doug Marlette, Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist; lived in Durham as a child{{cite news|title=Cartoonist Doug Marlette dies in wreck|newspaper=Raleigh News and Observer|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/105/story/632517.html|url-status=dead|access-date=July 16, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713131622/http://www.newsobserver.com/105/story/632517.html |archive-date=July 13, 2007}}
• Branford Marsalis, resident of Durham for several years. The Branford Marsalis Quartet's 2006 album Braggtown was titled after Braggtown Baptist Church, located in northeastern Durham, just north of Highways 70/85.{{cite news|title=Branford's bragging rights|work=News and Observer|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/105/story/485019.html|url-status=dead|access-date=October 24, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522005306/http://www.newsobserver.com/105/story/485019.html |archive-date=May 22, 2008}}
• Frank Matthews, drug trafficker during the late 1960s and early 1970s
• Tracy McGrady, attended Mount Zion Christian Academy his senior year, NBA player{{Cite web|url=https://www.wral.com/news/local/story/163568/|title=Durham Teen lured to NBA, Endorsement|date=June 20, 1997|publisher=WRAL|access-date=February 26, 2021}}
• Clyde McPhatter, singer/songwriter, founding member of The Drifters
• LeRoi Moore of the Dave Matthews Band, contemporary jazz musician
• Anita Morris, actress (Ruthless People, The Hotel New Hampshire, nominated for a Tony for her work in Nine)
• The Mountain Goats, indie rock band
• Pauli Murray (1910–1985), civil rights and women's activist, attorney, author, poet and priest, lived here as a child with grandparents; in 1977 was the first black woman to be ordained as an Episcopal priest; in 2012 was named as an Episcopal saint (one of its "Holy Women, Holy Men")
• Link Neal, YouTuber with Rhett McLaughlin for the channels Rhett & Link & Good Mythical Morning
• Mike Nifong, Durham County district attorney disbarred in 2006 for actions in Duke University lacrosse case that year{{cite news|last=Neff|first=Joseph|date=August 6, 2006|title=Lacrosse files show gaps in DA's case|website=News & Observer|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/1185/story/468272.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928071135/http://www.newsobserver.com/100/story/468272.html|archive-date=September 28, 2006}}
• David Noel, NBA player for the Milwaukee Bucks{{Cite web |last=Trendel |first=Avery |date=2017-08-31 |title=Former UNC Basketball Star David Noel Named Head Coach at Southern Durham High School |url=https://chapelboro.com/sports/high-school/former-unc-basketball-star-david-noel-named-head-coach-southern-durham-high-school |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=Chapelboro.com |language=en-US}}
• Wye Oak, musical duo composed of Jenn Wasner and Andy Stack
• Ike Opara, Major League Soccer defender for Sporting Kansas City
• Robert Martin Patterson, United States Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient[https://medalofhonorhostcity.com/recipient/patterson-robert-martin/ Patterson, Robert Martin – Medal of Honor host City Program]. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
• Sidney Powell, prosecutor and attorney
• Brian Roberts, Major League Baseball player, second baseman for the Baltimore Orioles{{cite web | url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/r/roberbr01.shtml |title= Brian Roberts Statistics|access-date=July 29, 2007|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc.}}
• Leah Roberts, former North Carolina State University student who abruptly left Durham in March 2000 and has remained missing ever since
• Rodney Rogers, NBA power forward from 1993 to 2005{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/r/rogerro01.html| title=Rodney Rogers|publisher= Basketball-Reference.Com |access-date= November 15, 2012}}
• Ben Ruffin, civil rights activist, educator, and businessman
• Don Schlitz, songwriter (Kenny Rogers's "The Gambler")
• James E. Shepard (1875–1947), educator, founder and president of North Carolina College for Negroes (now North Carolina Central University)
• Robert K. Steel, former Undersecretary of the Treasury
• Jamie Stewart, art-pop musician best known as the frontman of Xiu Xiu{{cite news |last=Haver |first=Grayson |url=http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/the-travails-of-xiu-xiu-leader-and-reluctant-durham-resident-jamie-stewart/Content?oid=2904877 |title=The travails of Xiu Xiu leader and reluctant Durham resident Jamie Stewart | Music Essay |newspaper=Indy Week |access-date=May 4, 2014 |archive-date=April 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423080140/http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/the-travails-of-xiu-xiu-leader-and-reluctant-durham-resident-jamie-stewart/Content?oid=2904877 |url-status=dead }}
• Andre Leon Talley (1948–2022), Vogue editor, fashion luminary, and judge on America's Next Top Model
• Grady Tate, American musician and singer
• Justin Tornow, dancer and choreographer
• Emilie Townes, dean of Vanderbilt Divinity School, former president of the American Academy of Religion{{Cite web|url=http://divinity.vanderbilt.edu/people/bio/emiliem-townes|title=Bio {{!}} People {{!}} Divinity School {{!}} Vanderbilt University|publisher=Vanderbilt Divinity School|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-23}}
• Jeff Tremaine, filmmaker known for Jackass
• Teresa Trull, singer, songwriter, and record producer
• LeRoy T. Walker (1918–2012), former United States Olympic president; former chancellor of North Carolina Central University (NCCU){{cite news | title =LeRoy Walker Bio | url =http://www.usatf.org/HallOfFame/TF/showBio.asp?HOFIDs=176 | work =US Track and Field Hall of Fame | access-date =October 24, 2007 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071102085538/http://www.usatf.org/HallOfFame/TF/showBio.asp?HOFIDs=176 | archive-date =November 2, 2007 | url-status =dead }}
• Dewayne Washington, NFL cornerback from 1994 to 2005
• Seth Wescott, Olympic champion snowboarder{{cite web|title=Rick Ferrell|url=http://www.usoc.org/26_38187.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714104047/http://www.usoc.org/26_38187.htm |archive-date=July 14, 2007|access-date=July 16, 2007|publisher=United States Olympic Committee}}
• Josh Whitesell, Major League Baseball first baseman of the Arizona Diamondbacks{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=whitejo03| title= Josh Whitesell Stats | publisher = Baseball Almanac |access-date= November 26, 2012}}
• T. J. Warren, NBA player for the Indiana Pacers
• Bull City Red (birth name George Washington), blues musician
• George Washington Watts, financier and philanthropist
• Sara Virginia Ecker Watts Morrison, nurse, philanthropist, and First Lady of North Carolina
• Harvey D. Williams (1930–2020), African American U.S. Army major general{{cite news |date=1978-05-20 |title=Army General Leads Drive to Stop Discrimination Against U.S. Soldiers |page=10 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/63313867/ |work=The Kane Republican |location=Kane, Pennsylvania |access-date=2020-07-20}}{{cite news |date=1978-05-24 |title=Discrimination Against GIs Criticized|page=13 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/530694355/ |work=The Scranton Times-Tribune |location=Scranton, Pennsylvania |access-date=2020-07-20}}
• Walter Lee Williams, one of the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/walter-lee-williams |title=FBI — Homepage |website=Fbi.gov |date=May 15, 2013 |access-date=May 4, 2014}}
• Morgan Wootten, head basketball coach at DeMatha Catholic High School and member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
• James B. Wyngaarden, American physician, researcher, and academic administrator{{Cite web|url=https://obits.mlive.com/us/obituaries/grandrapids/name/james-wyngaarden-obituary?id=9166598|title=James Wyngaarden Obituary (1924–2019) – Durham, NC – Grand Rapids Press|website=Legacy.com|access-date=January 29, 2024}}
• Freekey Zekey (Ezekiel Giles), rapper; spent almost three years in jail at Durham Correctional Center on drug charges before being released on November 20, 2006Winn, Patrick. [http://www.newsobserver.com/102/story/513089.html "'Freaky Zekey' free from prison"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113231444/http://www.newsobserver.com/102/story/513089.html |date=January 13, 2009 }}, The News & Observer, November 21, 2006. Accessed April 5, 2007.[http://www.hhnlive.com/news/more/633 "Freaky Zekey Released From Prison"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035444/http://www.hhnlive.com/news/more/633 |date=September 27, 2007 }}, HHNLive.com, November 21, 2006. Accessed April 5, 2007.

{{colend}}

Durham's sister cities are:{{cite web |title=Sister Cities of Durham |url=https://durhamnc.gov/292/Sister-Cities-of-Durham |publisher=City of Durham |access-date=2021-05-10}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|TZA}} Arusha, Tanzania
• {{flagicon|MEX}} Celaya, Mexico
• {{flagicon|ENG}} Durham, County Durham, England, United Kingdom
• {{flagicon|GRC}} Kavala, Greece
• {{flagicon|ROU}} Sibiu, Romania
• {{flagicon|CRI}} Tilarán, Costa Rica
• {{flagicon|JPN}} Toyama, Japan
• {{flagicon|CHN}} Zhuzhou, China

{{div col end}}

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Durham County council revoked the twinning arrangements with Kostroma, which had been in place since 1968.

{{Portal|United States|North Carolina}}

• List of municipalities in North Carolina
• Norfolk Southern–Gregson Street Overpass
• Triangle J Council of Governments
• List of U.S. cities with large Black populations

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{See also|Timeline of Durham, North Carolina#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Durham, North Carolina}}

• {{Citation |publisher = E.F. Turner |location = Danville, Va |title = Turner & Co.'s Durham directory for the years 1889 and 1890 |date = 1889 |ol = 13511643M }}
• {{Citation |publisher = N.A. Ramsey |location = Durham, N.C |title = Ramsey's Durham directory, for the year 1892 |date = 1892 |ol = 13511644M }}

{{sister project links|voy=Durham (North Carolina)}}

• {{osmrelation|179868}}
• {{official website|http://durhamnc.gov/}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090116044720/http://www.durham-nc.com/ Durham Convention and Visitors Bureau]
• [http://www.durhamchamber.org/ Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce]

{{Durham County, North Carolina}}

{{Orange County, North Carolina}}

{{Wake County, North Carolina}}

{{North_Carolina}}

{{Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area}}

{{North Carolina county seats}}

{{USPopulousCities}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Duke family

Category:Planned communities in the United States

Category:Populated places established in 1853