Duru languages
{{Infobox language family
|name=Duru
|region=northern Cameroon, eastern Nigeria
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=Atlantic–Congo
|fam3=Savannas
|fam4=Leko–Nimbari
|child1=Duli
|child2=Dii
|child3=Voko–Dowayo
|glotto=samb1323
|glottorefname=Samba Duru
}}
The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G4" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.
Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and Central Gur languages.Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2012). Correlations of the Noun Class Systems of Central Adamawa and Proto Central Gur.
Languages
- Duli (extinct)
- Dii: Duupa, Dugun (Panõ), Dii (Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok)
- Peere (Kutin)
- Longto (Voko)
- Vere–Dowayo
- Dowayo
- Sewe
- Koma
- Vere
However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.{{Cite book|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Africa|last=Güldemann|first=Tom|editor-last=Güldemann|editor-first=Tom|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|chapter=Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa|year=2018|isbn=978-3-11-042606-9|doi=10.1515/9783110421668-002|location=Berlin|pages=58–444|series=The World of Linguistics series|volume=11|s2cid=133888593}}
Classification
In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also Leko languages).Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/ Samba-Duru group]. Adamawa Languages Project.
;Samba-Duru
- Vere (Verre)https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Vere-group-100-.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}
- Jango (Mom Jango)Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/mom-jango/ Notes on Jango (Mom Jango)].
- Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam)
- Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
- Nissim-Eilim
- Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
- Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
- Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
- Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
- Gəmme (Gimme) (Koma)Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Gimme-Vere-Doyayo.pdf Gimme-Vere and Doyayo: Comparative Wordlists].
- Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime
- Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime
- Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ):Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/doyayo/ Doyayo]. Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains)
- Duru
- Dii cluster
- Dugun (Paape, Sa)
- Duupa (Paape)
- Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Pɛrɛ (Potopo)
- Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko)
- Samba (Samba Leeko, Leko)
- Samba cluster
- Mubaako (Məbaako, Mumbaako, Nyong)
- KolbilaLittig, Sabine (2017). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/samba-duru-languages/kolbila/ Kolbila: Geography and history].
- Pɛrɛma (Wom)
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}
| class="wikitable sortable" | style="font-size: 75%;" |
! Language !! Cluster !! Dialects !! Alternate spellings !! Own name for language !! Other names (location-based) !! Other names for language !! Speakers !! Location(s) | ||||||||
| Mom Jango | Mom Jango | Vere (see also Momĩ, Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | 20,000 total (including Momĩ, 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Fufore LGA | ||||
| Momi | Ziri | Vere (this also includes Mom Jango, q.v.), Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | 20,000 total (including Mom Jango), 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Yola and Fufore LGAs; and in Cameroon | ||||
| Koma cluster | Koma | The correspondences between the Cameroonian and Nigerian names are uncertain | Kuma, Koma (a Fulfulde cover term for Gomme, Gomnome, Ndera; ALCAM treats them as separate though closely related languages) | 3,000 (1982 SIL); majority in Cameroon | Adamawa State, Ganye and Fufore LGAs, in the Alantika Mountains; also in Cameroon | |||
| Gomme | Koma | Gәmme | Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe | |||||
| Gomnome | Koma | Gọmnọme | Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo | |||||
| Ndera | Koma | Vomni, Doome, Doobe |
Footnotes
{{reflist}}
References
- Roger Blench, 2004. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf List of Adamawa languages] (ms)
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External links
- [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/samba-duru-group/ Samba-Duru] (Adamawa Languages Project)
{{Adamawa languages}}
{{Niger-Congo branches}}