Dutch India

Dutch presence on the Indian subcontinent lasted from 1605 to 1825. Merchants of the Dutch East India Company first established themselves in Dutch Coromandel, notably Pulicat, as they were looking for textiles to exchange with the spices they traded in the East Indies.{{Cite web|url=http://vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/coromandel.html|title=De VOCsite : handelsposten; Coromandel|access-date=2020-10-10|website=De VOCsite|publisher=Jaap van Overbeek te Wageningen.|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702000656/https://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/coromandel.html|url-status=dead}} Dutch Suratte and Dutch Bengal were established in 1616 and 1627 respectively.{{Cite web|url=http://vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/suratte.html|title=De VOCsite : handelsposten; Suratte|access-date=2020-10-10|website=De VOCsite|publisher=Jaap van Overbeek te Wageningen.|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702000715/https://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/suratte.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/bengalen.html|title=De VOCsite : handelsposten; Bengalen|access-date=2020-10-10|website=De VOCsite|publisher=Jaap van Overbeek te Wageningen.|archive-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506072531/https://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/bengalen.html|url-status=dead}} After the Dutch conquered Ceylon from the Portuguese in 1656, they took the Portuguese forts on the Malabar coast five years later as well, as both were major spice producers, to create a Dutch monopoly for the spice trade.{{Cite web|url=http://vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/ceylon.html|title=De VOCsite : handelsposten; Ceylon|access-date=2020-10-10|website=De VOCsite|publisher=Jaap van Overbeek te Wageningen.|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702000658/https://www.vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/ceylon.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://vocsite.nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/malabar.html|title=De VOCsite : handelsposten; Malabar|access-date=2020-10-10|website=De VOCsite|publisher=Jaap van Overbeek te Wageningen.}}

Apart from textiles, the items traded in Dutch India include precious stones, indigo, and silk across the Indian Peninsula, saltpeter and opium in Dutch Bengal, and pepper in Dutch Malabar. Indian slaves were exported to the Spice Islands and the Cape Colony.

In the second half of the eighteenth century, the Dutch lost their influence more and more following the Travancore–Dutch War. The Kew Letters relinquished all Dutch colonies to the British, to prevent them from being overrun by the French. Although Dutch Coromandel and Dutch Bengal were restored to Dutch rule by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, they returned to British rule owing to the provisions of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. Under the terms of the treaty, all transfers of property and establishments were to take place on 1 March 1825. By the middle of 1825, therefore, the Dutch had lost their last trading posts in India.

File:Dutch-pagoda-Pulicat.jpg with an image of Lord Venkateswara, a form of the Hindu god Vishnu, issued at the Dutch mint at Pulicat, c. 17th or 18th century.]]

Dutch mints in Cochin, Masulipatnam, Nagapatnam, Pondicherry (for the five years 1693–98 when the Dutch had gained control from the French), and Pulicat issued coins modeled on local Indian coinages.{{cite book |title=UGC NET History Paper II Chapter Wise Notebook Complete Preparation Guide |date=September 2022 |publisher=EduGorilla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nqKEAAAQBAJ |access-date=5 June 2023}} Coins struck included:

• the puttan (single and double){{cite book |title=Report on the Working of the Archæological Researches in Mysore with the Government Review Thereon |date=1917 |publisher=University of Chicago |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuFEAQAAMAAJ |access-date=5 June 2023}}
• the fanam{{cite book |last1=Codrington |first1=Humphrey William |title=Ceylon Coins and Currency |date=1975 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120609136 |page=258 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJrKcKqJGuEC |access-date=5 June 2023}}

The Dutch also imported coins struck in the Netherlands, including:

• the real, modeled on the Spanish colonial real, in denominations of {{frac|1|4}}, {{frac|1|2}}, 1, 2, 4, and 8 reels{{cite book |last1=Bucknill |first1=John A. S. |title=The Coins of the Dutch East Indies: An Introduction to the Study of the Series |date=2000 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120614482 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uubaJnmIGZAC |access-date=5 June 2023}}

File:Dutch India (Diachronic).png}} {{legend inline|blue|Dutch Coromandel}} {{legend inline|red|Dutch Malabar}} {{legend inline|gold|Dutch Suratte}} {{legend inline|green|Dutch Bengal}}]]

Image:Negapatnam van Choromandel.jpg|Dutch trading ships in Negapatnam, Dutch Coromandel, circa 1680.

Image:De handelsloge van de VOC in Hougly in Bengalen Rijksmuseum SK-A-4282.jpeg|Factory in Hugli-Chuchura, Dutch Bengal. Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665.

File:Overwinningh van de Stadt Cotchin op de Kust van Mallabaer - Victory over Kochi on the coast of Malabar.jpg|The capture of Cochin from the Portuguese by Rijckloff van Goens in 1663. Atlas van der Hagen, 1682.

File:Dutch Kuthi.jpg|The remains of an old ruined Dutch Kuthi in Baranagar, India

File:Dutch vengurla.jpg| The remainants of the old Dutch Factory at Vengurla, Maharashtra

• British India
• Danish India
• French India
• India–Netherlands relations
• Bangladesh–Netherlands relations
• Portuguese India
• Colonial India

{{reflist}}

• [http://coinindia.com/galleries-dutch.html Coins of Dutch India]
• [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India.htm#Dutch India World Statesmen – India]
• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040505132415/http://tanap.net/content/universities/india.cfm India, shores without end]}}

{{Dutch colonies}}

Category:European colonisation in Asia

Category:Former colonies in Asia

Category:Former settlements and colonies of the Dutch East India Company

Category:Former trading posts of the Dutch East India Company

Category:1605 establishments in Dutch India

Category:1825 disestablishments

Category:19th-century disestablishments in the Dutch Empire

India