Eastern Yugur language

{{Short description|Mongolic language of Gansu, China}}{{Infobox language

|name=Eastern Yugur

|states=China

|region=Gansu

|ethnicity=6,000 Yugur (2000)

|speakers=4,000

|date=2007

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Altaic

|fam1=Mongolic

|fam2=Southern Mongolic

|iso3=yuy

|glotto=east2337

|glottorefname=East Yugur

|map2=Lang Status 40-SE.svg

|mapcaption2={{center|{{small|Eastern Yugur is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}

}}

Eastern Yugur is a Mongolic language spoken within the Yugur nationality. The other language spoken within the same community{{according to whom?|date=March 2025}} is Western Yughur, which is a Turkic language. The terms may also indicate the speakers of these languages, which are both unwritten. Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the autonym of the Yugur. Eastern Yugur speakers are said to have passive bilingualism with Inner Mongolian, the standard spoken in China.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&q=yugur+close+to+original+uyghur&pg=PA822 |title=Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1 |date=1996 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-013417-9 |editor-last=Wurm |editor-first=Stephen Adolphe |page=822 |language=en |editor-last2=Mühlhäusler |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last3=Tyron |editor-first3=Darrell T.}}

Eastern Yugur is a threatened language with an aging population of fluent speakers.{{Cite web |title=East Yugur |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2337 |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=Glottolog |language=en}}{{Cite book |last1=Wu |first1=Han |url=https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icemeet-16/25869215 |title=Proceedings of the 2016 2nd International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Education Technology (ICEMEET 2016) |last2=Jin |first2=Yasheng |date=2017 |publisher=Atlantis Press |isbn=978-94-6252-288-6 |pages=745–749 |language=en |chapter=Phonetic Changes of Eastern Yugur Language: Case Study of Vowel /ɐ/ |doi=10.2991/icemeet-16.2017.155 |doi-access=free}} Language contact with neighbouring languages, particularly Chinese, has noticeably affected the language competency of younger speakers. Some younger speakers have also begun to lose their ability to distinguish between different phonetic shades within the language, indicating declining language competency.{{Cite book |last1=Wu |first1=Han |url=https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iemss-17/25873095 |last2=Yu |first2=Hongzhi |title=Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Economic Management and Social Science (IEMSS 2017) |chapter=Features and Changes of Vowels of Eastern Yugur Language |date=2017 |publisher=Atlantis Press |isbn=978-94-6252-314-2 |pages=681–685 |language=en |doi=10.2991/iemss-17.2017.136 |doi-access=free}}

Grigory Potanin recorded a glossary of Salar, Western Yugur, and Eastern Yugur in his 1893 book written in Russian, The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia.{{Cite journal |last=Poppe |first=Nicholas |date=1953 |title=Remarks on The Salar Language |journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3/4 |pages=438–477 |doi=10.2307/2718250 |jstor=2718250}}{{Cite thesis |last=Roos |first=Martina Erica |title=The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary |date=2000 |degree=Doctoral |publisher=Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden |url=http://members.home.nl/marcmarti/yugur/biblio/ROOS_WesternYugurLanguage.pdf |language=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121456/http://members.home.nl/marcmarti/yugur/biblio/ROOS_WesternYugurLanguage.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04}}{{Cite web |title=Yugurology |url=http://home.arcor.de/marcmarti/yugur/yugurol.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031005162152/http://home.arcor.de/marcmarti/yugur/yugurol.htm |archive-date=October 5, 2003 |website=The Western Yugur Steppe |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Potanin |first=Grigory Nikolayevich (Григорий Николаевич Потанин) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crgQAQAAMAAJ |title=Tangutsko-Tibetskaya okraina Kitaya i Tsentralnaya Mongoliya: puteshestvie G.N. Potanina 1884–1886 |date=1893 |publisher=Typ. A. S. Suvoryna |language=ru |script-title=ru:Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884–1886 |author-link=Grigory Potanin}}{{Cite book |last=Potanin |first=Grigory Nikolayevich (Григорий Николаевич Потанин) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QMyAQAAMAAJ |title=Tangutsko-Tibetskaya okraina Kitaya i Tsentralnaya Mongoliya: puteshestvie G.N. Potanina 1884–1886 |date=1893 |publisher=Typ. A. S. Suvoryna |volume=2 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884–1886 |author-link=Grigory Potanin}}{{Cite book |last=Potanin |first=Grigory Nikolayevich (Григорий Николаевич Потанин) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PwTAAAAIAAJ |title=Tangutsko-Tibetskaya okraina Kitaya i Tsentralnaya Mongoliya: puteshestvie G.N. Potanina 1884–1886 |date=1893 |publisher=Typ. A. S. Suvoryna |language=ru |script-title=ru:Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884–1886 |author-link=Grigory Potanin}}