Eberswalde Hoard

File:Nachbildung Goldschtz ausgestellt Foto B. Klitzke.jpg

The Eberswalde Hoard or Treasure of Eberswalde ({{langx|de|Eberswalder Goldschatz}} or {{lang|de|Goldfund von Eberswalde}}) is a Bronze Age hoard of 81 gold objects with a total weight of {{convert|2.59|kg|ozt|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|url=http://www.morgenpost.de/content/2004/02/01/brandenburg/656911.html|newspaper=Berliner Morgenpost|date=February 1, 2004|title=unknown/missing}}{{dead link|date=November 2013}} The largest prehistoric assembly of gold objects ever found in Germany, it is considered to be one of the most important finds from the Central European Bronze Age.{{cite news|last=Eller|first=Carmen|title=Erbeutetes Gold als heißes Eisen|url=http://www.deutsche-allgemeine-zeitung.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=885&Itemid=29|accessdate=5 November 2013|newspaper=Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung|date=March 30, 2007}} Its production has been attributed to the Nordic Bronze Age culture.{{cite book |title=Gold und Kult der Bronzezeit |publisher=Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg |year=2003 |pages=294|isbn=3-926982-95-0}} Today, it is in Russia, as part of the group of artifacts and works of art looted from Germany at the end of the Second World War.

Discovery

File:Goldfund von Eberswalde.jpg; Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Berlin)]]

File:Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Berlin 096.jpg

The hoard was discovered 1 m (3 ft) below the ground surface on May 16, 1913, during excavations for a house within the grounds of a brass factory at Finow (Oberbarnim), part of Eberswalde in Brandenburg. The factory supervisor alerted Carl Schuchhardt, the director of the Prehistoric Department of the Royal Museums at Berlin, who acceded the hoard to that collection.

Description

The hoard had been deposited in a globular vessel with a lid. In it were eight gold bowls, which contained another 73 gold objects. The bowls were thin-walled chased gold vessels with copious ornamental decoration. The other objects included neck rings, bracelets and 60 wire arm spirals. 55 double spirals were tied into bundles. A gold ingot, a piece of metal shaped like a crucible and two smaller pieces probably represent raw material for the production of such objects. The treasure belongs to the goldsmith known as Villena-type, for its resemblance to the Treasure of Villena.

Origin and date

The hoard used to be thought to represent the stores of a merchant.,{{cn|date=November 2013}} but more recent research suggests that it was of religious significance.{{cite journal|last=Eluère|first=Christiane|authorlink=Christiane Éluère|title=Goldwork of the Iron Age in 'Barbarian' Europe|journal=Gold Bulletin|date=December 1985|volume=18|issue=4|page=150|doi=10.1007/BF03214697|doi-access=free}} The hoard is dated to the 9th century BC.{{cite news|last=Hickley|first=Catherine|title=Gold Hoard, Trophy Art Stay in Russia as Ties With Germany Cool|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=anWdULPhvgxE|accessdate=4 November 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=September 10, 2008}}

Similar artefacts

File:Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Berlin 021.jpg|Eberswalde Hoard

File:Cuencos de Axtroki (M.A.N. 1973-77-2) 01.jpg|One of the two bowls found in Axtroki, Spain. Iberian Bronze Age

File:Tesoro de Villena (26826844061).jpg|Treasure of Villena, Spain. Iberian Bronze Age, c. 1300-1000 BC

File:DO-2114.jpg|Gold bowls from Midskov, Denmark. Nordic Bronze Age, c. 1000 BC

Later history

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Eberswalde Hoard disappeared from the Berlin museum, along with the so-called "Treasure of Priam". The suspicion that the Red Army might have removed both finds was denied by the Soviets for decades. After Russian President Boris Yeltsin admitted that "Priam's Treasure" was in Russian hands, the authorities ceased to explicitly deny that they also held Eberswalde Hoard. In 2004, a reporter from the German magazine Der Spiegel located it in a secret depot within Moscow's Pushkin Museum. Germany has requested return of the materials, and the issue has caused tension between the German and the Russian governments.{{cite news|last=Hawksley|first=Rupert|title=The Eberswalde Hoard: what exactly is it?|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/10135355/The-Eberswalde-Hoard-what-exactly-is-it.html|accessdate=4 November 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=21 Jun 2013}} Reproductions of the hoard are on display at the Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Berlin and the Stadt- und Kreismuseum in Eberswalde. The Eberswalde replica is by local goldsmith Eckhard Herrmann.Märkische Oderzeitung, October 24, 2006