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Echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code

{{Short description|An alternative genetic code found in the mitochondrial genome of some echinoderms and flatworms}}

The echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code (translation table 9) is a genetic code used by the mitochondria of certain echinoderm and flatworm species.

The code

:   AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNNKSSSSVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG

:Starts = -----------------------------------M---------------M------------

: Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

: Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG

: Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)

Differences from the standard code

class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align: center;"

|+

DNA codonsRNA codonsThis code (9)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |Standard code (1)
{{mono|AAA}}{{mono|AAA}}style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Asn (N)}}style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | {{mono|Lys (K)}}
{{mono|AGA}}{{mono|AGA}}style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Ser (S)}}style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | {{mono|Arg (R)}}
{{mono|AGG}}{{mono|AGG}}style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Ser (S)}}style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | {{mono|Arg (R)}}
{{mono|TGA}}{{mono|UGA}}style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | {{mono|Trp (W)}}style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | {{mono|1=STOP = Ter (*)}}

Systematic range

==See also==

References

{{NLM content}}{{cite web | first1 = Andrzej | last1 = Elzanowski | first2 = Jim | last2 = Ostell | first3 = Detlef | last3 = Leipe | first4 = Vladimir | last4 = Soussov | name-list-style = vanc |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=tgencodes#thetop |title= The Genetic Codes|access-date=18 March 2016 | work = Taxonomy browser | publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine }}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite journal|journal=Gene|date=1987|volume=56|issue=2–3|pages=219–30|title=Unusual genetic codes and a novel gene structure for tRNA(AGYSer) in starfish mitochondrial DNA|author1=H. Himeno |author2=H. Masaki |author3=T. Kawai |author4=T. Ohta |author5=I. Kumagai |author6=K. Miura |author7=K. Watanabe |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(87)90139-9 |pmid=3678836}}

{{Cite journal|journal=J Mol Biol|date=20 July 1988|volume=202|issue=2|pages=185–217|title=Nucleotide sequence and gene organization of sea urchin mitochondrial DNA.|author1=H. T. Jacobs |author2=D. J. Elliott |author3=V. B. Math |author4=A. Farquharson |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(88)90452-4|pmid=3172215}}

{{Cite journal|journal=J Biol Chem|date=5 July 1989|volume=264|issue=19|pages=10965–75|title=The complete nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code of the mitochondrial genome of Paracentrotus lividus|author1=P. Cantatore |author2=M. Roberti |author3=G. Rainaldi |author4=M. N. Gadaleta |author5=C. Saccone |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60413-2|pmid=2544576|doi-access=free}}

{{Cite journal|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A|date=10 October 2000|volume=97|issue=21|pages=11359–64|title=Changes in mitochondrial genetic codes as phylogenetic characters: two examples from the flatworms|author1=M. J. Telford |author2=E. A. Herniou |author3=R. B. Russell |author4=D. T. Littlewood |doi=10.1073/pnas.97.21.11359 |pmid=11027335 |pmc=17205|bibcode=2000PNAS...9711359T|doi-access=free}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}

Category:Molecular genetics

Category:Gene expression

Category:Protein biosynthesis

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