Elachistocleis

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Elachistocleis ovalis - blaasoppie.jpg

| image_caption = Elachistocleis surinamensis

| taxon = Elachistocleis

| authority = Parker, 1927

| type_species = Rana ovalis

| type_species_authority = Schneider, 1799

| subdivision = See text.

| synonyms = * Relictivomer

}}

Elachistocleis is a genus of microhylid frogs found in southern America from Panama southwards. Their common name is oval frogs, although for historic reasons not all species are named so.{{cite web|url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Gastrophryninae/Elachistocleis/Elachistocleis |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140322082116/http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Gastrophryninae/Elachistocleis/Elachistocleis |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2014 |title=Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=22 March 2014 }}{{aut|AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation.}} [web application]. 2013. Berkeley, California: [http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_lists_genera_&table=amphib&where-genus=elachistocleis Elachistocleis]. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: 29 November 2013).

Taxonomy

A 2021 study found that the genus originated in the Andes during the Oligocene, and contains two distinct clades that diverged from one another during the Middle Miocene. They dispersed throughout South America following the drying-out of the Pebas mega-wetland system, aided by the Amazon basin and other hydrological systems.{{Cite journal|last1=Jowers|first1=Michael J.|last2=Othman|first2=Sites N.|last3=Borzée|first3=Amael|last4=Rivas|first4=Gilson A.|last5=Sánchez-Ramírez|first5=Santiago|last6=Auguste|first6=Renoir J.|last7=Downie|first7=J. Roger|last8=Read|first8=Morley|last9=Murphy|first9=John C.|date=2021-02-23|title=Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00487-y|journal=Organisms Diversity & Evolution|volume=21|pages=189–206|language=en|doi=10.1007/s13127-021-00487-y|s2cid=232167477|issn=1618-1077}}

Recent taxonomic evidence indicates that the type species, E. ovalis, is a nomen nudum, as it has no holotype, type locality, and its description lacks detail. The name has been applied to many Elachistocleis populations across South America, which are all now considered to represent undescribed species (with one of these from Trinidad and northern Venezuela being described as E. nigrogularis in 2021). In addition, another Elachistocleis identified from Trinidad in a 1980 study likely represents another undescribed species.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Elachistocleis:

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!style="width: 60%; "| Binomial name and author!!style="width: 40%; "|Common name

!Image

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| Elachistocleis bicolor{{small|(Guérin-Méneville, 1838)}}

Two-colored oval frog

|frameless

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| Elachistocleis bumbameuboi {{small|Caramaschi, 2010}}

Maranhão Oval Frog

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| Elachistocleis carvalhoi

| Northwestern Tocantins Oval Frog

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| Elachistocleis cesarii {{small|(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)}}

São Paulo Oval Frog

|frameless

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| Elachistocleis corumbaensis {{small|(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)Piva, Caramaschi, and Albuquerque, 2017}}

Piraputangas Oval Frog

|frameless

style="background:#EEEEEE;"

| Elachistocleis erythrogaster

| Red-bellied oval frog{{Cite web|last=Solé|first=Micro|date=December 8, 2002|title=Elachistocleis erythrogaster; Red-bellied Oval Frog|url=https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?seq_num=120579&one=T|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110040427/https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?seq_num=120579&one=T |archive-date=2021-01-10 |access-date=January 8, 2021|website=CalPhotos}}

|frameless

style="background:#EEEEEE;"

| Elachistocleis haroi {{small|Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer & Vaira, 2013}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Pereyra | first1 = L. C. | last2 = Akmentins | first2 = M. S. | last3 = Laufer | first3 = G. | last4 = Vaira | first4 = M. | title = A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from north-western Argentina | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3694.6.2 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3694 | issue = 6 | pages = 525–544 | year = 2013 | pmid = 26312309 }}

Jujuy Oval Frog

|frameless

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| Elachistocleis helianneae {{small|Caramaschi, 2010}}

Humaitá Oval Frog

|frameless

Elachistocleis nigrogularis

{{small|Jowers, Othman, Borzée, Rivas, Sánchez-Ramírez, Auguste, Downie, Read & Murphy, 2021}}

|Black-throated Oval Frog (nomen nudum){{Cite journal|last=Jowers|first=Michael|date=February 23, 2021|title=Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13127-021-00487-y|journal=Organisms Diversity & Evolution|volume=21|pages=189–206|doi=10.1007/s13127-021-00487-y|s2cid=232167477|via=SpringerLink}}

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| Elachistocleis magna

| Rondônia Oval Frog

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| Elachistocleis matogrosso {{small|Caramaschi, 2010}}

Mato Grosso Oval Frog

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| Elachistocleis muiraquitan

| Acre's Oval Frog

|frameless

style="background:#EEEEEE;"

| Elachistocleis ovalis {{small|(Schneider, 1799)}}