Eleutherococcus

The Chinese materia medica in question ({{zh|s=五加皮|p=wǔjiāpí|gan=ng³ ga¹ 'pi²|w=wuchiapi|}}) may designate a number of species.{{cite book|last=Nanba|first=Tsuneo (難波恒雄)|title=漢方薬入門(Kanpōyaku nyūmon)|publisher=Hoikusha|year=1970}}, p.41 But the plant now given the common name wujia in China is specifically E. gracilistylus, and according to one source, the genuine crude drug must come from this species, and C. spinosum is only a substitute.

The Japanese name {{Nihongo|ukogi|ウコギ, 五加(木)}} borrows directly from the Chinese name, and refers somewhat broadly to several plants in the genus.(日本國語大辞典), 1976, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lbwYAQAAIAAJ snippet] quote:"果実は熟すと黑くなる,多く生垣に用い,若葉は食用とし、根の皮は五加皮(ごかひ)といい,滋養強壮剤として用いる。" A 10th century herbology text, Honzō wamyō ({{lang|zh|本草和名}}), introduced the Chinese wujia as an herb to be pronounced mu-ko-gi ({{lang|zh|牟古岐}}), refers specifically to E. sieboldianus (Japanese name: hime-ukogi).{{Harvnb|Yoshikawa|Ōhori|2002}}; retrieved from :ja:ウコギ属 version 2009年8月23日 (日) 13:10 R.Lucy (accessed April-2012) (See #Species list below).

The taxonomical nomenclature in the botanical science also has had a sinuous history, so that Acanthopanax had been used as the proper genus name in China till recent years, while the West adopted Eleutherococcus as the official name.

Several species are also grown as ornamental garden shrubs. In Japan, they have been planted as hedges. Particularly in Yamagata Prefecture, a daimyō named Uesugi Yōzan{{Harvnb|Ogata|2010}}(website) encouraged the planting of the ukogi as fencing around the homes of samurai retainers (E. sieboldianus was planted in the region), and the bitter young buds, leaves and stems have traditionally been picked and eaten as vegetable in the area. However, since the plant is deciduous, it requires sweeping in the fall (high maintenance), and the bare hedges fail to protect the homeowner's privacy.

The four earliest fossil species of Eleutherococcus are from the Maastrichtian (about 70 Ma) floras of Eisleben and Walbeck, Germany, the synonym Acanthopanax is used for these species †A. friedrichii, †A. gigantocarpus, †A. mansfeldensis and †A. obliquocostatus.The Timetree of Life edited by S. Blair Hedges and Sudhir Kumar, OUP Oxford, 23. apr. 2009 - 576 pages,

{{ISBN|0191560154}}, 9780191560156

File:Eleutherococcus trifoliatus 1.jpg

• Eleutherococcus baoxinensis
• Eleutherococcus brachypus
• Eleutherococcus cissifolius
• Eleutherococcus cuspidatus
• Eleutherococcus divaricatus, Ja:{{Nihongo|keyama-ukogi|ケヤマウコギ}}, aka oni-ukogi. Found in central and southern Japan, Korean peninsula, and Chinese mainland, with many flowers arranged in conical inflorescence{{Cite web|author=京都府レッドデータブック(Kyoto Prefecture Red Data Book)|url=http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/kankyo/rdb/bio/db/flo0419.html|script-title=ja:ケヤマウコギ（オニウコギ）|language=Japanese |access-date=August 23, 2009 |year=2009}}
• Eleutherococcus eleutheristylus
• Eleutherococcus giraldii
• Eleutherococcus gracilistylus
• Eleutherococcus henryi
• Eleutherococcus higoensis, Ja:{{Nihongo|higo-ukogi|ヒゴウコギ}}
• Eleutherococcus huangshanensis
• Eleutherococcus hypoleucus, Ja:{{Nihongo|urajiro-ukogi|ウラジロウコギ}}, growing in limestone soils in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu{{Cite web|author=愛媛県レッドデータブック(Ehime Prefecture Red Data Book)|url=http://www.pref.ehime.jp/030kenminkankyou/080shizenhogo/00004541040311/detail/09_06_008190_0.html|script-title=ja:高等植物 - ウラジロウコギ|language=Japanese|access-date=August 23, 2009|year=2009|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406221012/https://www.pref.ehime.jp/030kenminkankyou/080shizenhogo/00004541040311/detail/09_06_008190_0.html|url-status=dead}}
• Eleutherococcus japonicus, Ja:{{Nihongo|oka-ukogi|オカウコギ|"land~"}}, aka tsukushi-ukogi, maruba-ukogi. Grows in hilly terrain, of Kanto, Tokai, Kii Peninsula.{{Cite web|author=鎌倉発 旬の花|url=http://shizuka.sakura.ne.jp/hana/okaukogi.htm|script-title=ja:オカウコギ|language=Japanese |access-date=August 23, 2009 }}
• Eleutherococcus lasiogyne
• Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus
• Eleutherococcus nanpingensis
• Eleutherococcus nikaianus, Ja:{{Nihongo|urage-ukogi|ウラゲウコギ}}, variety found in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu with yellow-green flowers and blackish-purple fruits.{{Cite web|author=神戸・六甲山系の森林|url=http://shinrin.cool.ne.jp/sub429.html|script-title=ja:ウラゲウコギ|language=Japanese|access-date=August 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129012511/http://shinrin.cool.ne.jp/sub429.html|archive-date=November 29, 2007|url-status=dead}}
• Eleutherococcus nodiflorus
• Eleutherococcus pilosulus
• Eleutherococcus pseudosetulosus
• Eleutherococcus pubescens
• Eleutherococcus rehderianus
• Eleutherococcus rufinervis
• Eleutherococcus scandens
• Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim., {{Interlanguage link multi|ezo-ukogi|ja|vertical-align=sup}} (エゾウコギ), species found in Hokkaido, with many white flowers in globular clusters;{{Cite web |author=NAGY 植物図鑑 |url=http://www.nagy-flora.jp/species/e/ezo-ukogi.htm |script-title=ja:エゾウコギ |language=Japanese |access-date=August 23, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726122504/http://www.nagy-flora.jp/species/e/ezo-ukogi.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2009 }}{{GRIN | Eleutherococcus senticosus | 15004 | accessdate = January 12, 2018}}
• Eleutherococcus seoulensis
• Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus
• Eleutherococcus setchuensis
• Eleutherococcus setulosus
• Eleutherococcus sieboldianus (Makino) Koidz., Ja:{{Nihongo|hime-ukogi|ヒメウコギ}}, native to China's mainland.{{Cite web |author=NAGY 植物図鑑 |url=http://www.nagy-flora.jp/species/h/hime-ukogi.htm |script-title=ja:ヒメウコギ |language=Japanese |access-date=August 23, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726122529/http://www.nagy-flora.jp/species/h/hime-ukogi.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2009 }}
• Eleutherococcus simonii
• Eleutherococcus spinosus (L. f.) S.Y. Hu, Ja:{{Nihongo|yama-ukogi|ヤマウコギ}}, growing widely in Honshu and Shikoku, with white flowers in globular inflorescence{{Cite web |author=NAGY 植物図鑑 |url=http://www.nagy-flora.jp/species/y/yama-ukogi.htm |script-title=ja:ヤマウコギ |language=Japanese |access-date=August 23, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726123019/http://www.nagy-flora.jp/species/y/yama-ukogi.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2009 }}
• Eleutherococcus stenophyllus
• Eleutherococcus trichodon, Ja:{{Nihongo|miyama-ukogi|ミヤマウコギ}}, found widely in Honshu and Shikoku{{Cite web|author=日本の植物たち|url=http://kasugak.sakura.ne.jp/comment/miyamaukogi.html|script-title=ja:ミヤマウコギ|language=Japanese |access-date=August 23, 2009 }}
• Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L. f.) S.Y. Hu
• Eleutherococcus verticillatus
• Eleutherococcus wardii
• Eleutherococcus wilsonii
• Eleutherococcus xizangensis

• Various Eleutherococcus spp.
• Acanthopanax ricinifolium → Kalopanax septemlobus ({{Nihongo|Harigiri|ハリギリ, 刺楸}}){{Harvnb|Dai Nihon Nōkai|1896}}, p.545 Acanthopanax ricinifolium, Sieb. & Zacc., {{Nihongo|Harigiri|ハリギリ, 刺楸}}
• Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides, koshiabura (コシアブラ) → Chengiopanax sciadophylloides

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|author=Dai Nihon Nōkai |title=Useful plants of Japan: described and illustrated|volume=1|publisher=Agricultural Society of Japan|year=1896|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-RBAAAAIAAJ|format=google|pages=9}}
• {{citation|last1=Foster|first1=Steven|last2=Yue|first2=Chongxi|title=Herbal Emissaries: bringing Chinese herbs to the West : a guide to gardening|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.|year=1992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y78zzxTN570C&pg=PA73|format=preview|pages=73|isbn=9780892813490}}
• {{Cite book|last1=Yoshikawa|first1=Seiji(吉川誠次)|last2=Ōhori|first2=Yasuyoshi(大堀恭良)|year=2002|title=日本・食の歴史地図(Nihon & Shoku no rekishi chizu)|publisher=Seikatsujin shinsho (生活人新書)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQExAQAAIAA|format=snippet|isbn=4-14-088-016-3|pages=175–182}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• {{cite web|last=Ogata|first=Takeaki(尾形 健明)|publisher=Department of Biochemical Engineering, Yamagata University|title=健康食材としての「うこぎ」の魅力(Appeal of uogi as health food item)|url=http://bio.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/L_ogata.html|year=2010|access-date=September 11, 2016|archive-date=August 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831014701/http://bio.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/L_ogata.html|url-status=dead}}
• {{citation|last1=Tumiłowicz |first1=Jerzy |last2=Banaszczak |first2=Piotr |title=Woody species of Araliaceae at the Rogów Arboretum |journal=Rocznik Dendrologiczny |volume=54 |year=2006 |pages=35–50 |url=http://info.botany.pl/Roczn_Dendrol/artykuly/vol54/tumilowicz.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023032/http://info.botany.pl/Roczn_Dendrol/artykuly/vol54/tumilowicz.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}

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Category:Apiales genera

Category:Taxa named by Karl Maximovich