Elihu Vedder
{{Short description|American painter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Elihu Vedder
| image = Elihu Vedder 1870.jpg
| caption = Vedder in 1870
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1836|02|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = New York City, U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1923|01|29|1836|02|26|df=y}}
| death_place = Rome, Kingdom of Italy
| nationality = American
| field = Drawing
Oil painting
Mural painting
| training =
| movement = Realism;
Pre-Raphaelites
| works =
| spouse = {{marriage|Caroline Rosekrans|1869}}
| children = 4
| patrons =
| influenced =
| awards =
}}
Elihu Vedder (26 February 1836{{snd}}29 January 1923) was an American symbolist painter, book illustrator and poet from New York City.{{cite magazine|title=Vedder, Elihu|magazine=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=1796–1797|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1796}} He is best known for his fifty-five illustrations for Edward FitzGerald's translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (deluxe edition, published by Houghton Mifflin).
Biography
File:Elihu Vedder 1847.jpg of Vedder as a schoolboy in 1847]]
Elihu Vedder was born on 26 February 1836 in New York City, the son of Dr. Elihu Vedder Sr. and Elizabeth Vedder.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Vedder, Elihu|volume=27|pages=964–965}}
His parents were cousins. His father, a dentist, decided to try his luck in Cuba, and this had a profound impact on Elihu Jr.'s childhood.
The remainder of his childhood was spent between his maternal grandfather Alexander Vedder's house in Schenectady and a boarding school. His mother supported his goals to be an artist while his father reluctantly assented, convinced that his son should try a different occupation. His brother, Dr. Alexander Madison Vedder, was a Navy surgeon who witnessed the transformation of Japan into a modern culture while he was stationed there.
Vedder trained in New York City with Tompkins H. Matteson, then in Paris with François-Édouard Picot.
Finally, he completed his studies in Italy - where he was strongly influenced not only by Italian Renaissance work but also by the modern Macchiaioli painters and the living Italian landscape.
He first visited Italy from 1858 until 1860, becoming deeply emotionally attached to fellow painter Giovanni Costa.
Their idyllic trips through the Italian countryside were cut short because Vedder's father cut off his financial allowance.
File:Dancing Girl Elihu Vedder 1871.jpeg
Penniless, Vedder returned to the United States during the American Civil War and made a small living undertaking commercial illustrations. He was involved in the bohemian 'Pfaff's' coffee house group and painted some of his most memorable paintings notable for their visionary nature, romantic imagery and often Oriental influences. Paintings of this time include The Roc's Egg, The Fisherman and the Genii, and one of his most famous works, Lair of the Sea Serpent. In the United States, Vedder sought out and befriended Walt Whitman, Herman Melville and William Morris Hunt. Vedder became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1865. At the end of the Civil War, Vedder left America to live in Italy.
He married Caroline Rosekrans on 13 July 1869 in Glen Falls, New York.
Elihu Vedder and his wife had four children, only two of whom survived. His daughter Anita Herriman Vedder played a vital role in handling the business of her father, who was notorious for his general aloofness towards details. Elihu's son Enoch Rosekrans Vedder was a promising architect who married jewelry designer Angela Reston. Enoch died while visiting his parents in Italy on 2 April 1916. Elihu had a home in Rome and - after the financial success of his 1884 Rubaiyat work - on the Isle of Capri, then a haven for male aesthetes.
Vedder visited England many times, and was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites, and was a friend of Simeon Solomon. He was also influenced by the work of English and Irish mystics such as William Blake and William Butler Yeats. In 1890 Vedder helped establish the In Arte Libertas group in Italy.
Tiffany commissioned him to design glassware, mosaics and statuettes for the company. He decorated the hallway of the Reading Room of the Washington Library of Congress, and his mural paintings can still be seen there.
Vedder occasionally returned to the United States, but lived only in Italy from 1906 until his death on 29 January 1923. He is buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome. There are no known living descendants of Elihu Vedder as both surviving children died without issue.Stevens, Revalee R. & Robert Kim: North American Records: The Protestant Cemetery of Rome. Oracle Press, 1981
Exhibitions
In 2008, the Smithsonian American Art Museum organized an exhibition of Vedder's Rubaiyat illustrations that toured several museums, including the Phoenix Art Museum.{{cite web |url=http://www.phxart.org/exhibitions/b1ba1c8e-0596-4cbb-bd21-0e054707ef39 |title=Phoenix Art Museum - Experience Art and Culture in Arizona |website=www.phxart.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115032955/http://www.phxart.org/exhibitions/b1ba1c8e-0596-4cbb-bd21-0e054707ef39 |archive-date=2012-11-15}}
Gallery
File:Elihu Vedder - Soul in Bondage - Google Art Project.jpg|Soul in Bondage, 1891–92. Brooklyn Museum
File:Vedder, Elihu - The Questioner of the Sphinx - 1836.gif|The Questioner of the Sphinx (1863)
File:Vedder Donkey.jpg|9th study for The miller, his son and the donkey (1867/8)
File:Elihu Vedder - A Peasant Girl Spinning.jpg|Peasant Girl Spinning (1867)
File:The Sun God.JPG|The Sun God (1882)
File:Elihu Vedder - The Pleiades, 1885.jpg|The Pleiades (1885)
File:Corrupt-Legislation-Vedder-Highsmith.jpeg|Mural, Lobby to Main Reading Room, Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C. Main figure is seated atop a pedestal saying "CORRUPT LEGISLATION".
File:Good administration mural by Elihu Vedder, Jefferson Building, Library of Congress LCCN2005675761.tif|"Good Administration" mural by Elihu Vedder, Jefferson Building, Library of Congress LCCN2005675761
File:Government-Vedder-Highsmith.jpeg|Government. Mural, Lobby to Main Reading Room, Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C. Main figure is seated atop a pedestal ("GOVERNMENT") holding a tablet with "A GOVERNMENT / OF THE PEOPLE / BY THE PEOPLE / FOR THE PEOPLE".
File:Peace-and-Prosperity-Vedder-Highsmith.jpeg|Peace and Prosperity (1896)
File:Head of Minerva.jpg|Minerva, 1896 (preparatory study)
File:Minerva-Vedder-Highsmith.jpeg|Minerva, 1896 (mosaic at the Library of Congress) with Nil invita Minerva, quae monumentum aere perennius exegit from Horace's Ars Poetica
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book|last=Soria|first=Regina|year=1970|title=Elihu Vedder: American Visionary Artist in Rome|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|location=Madison, NJ|isbn=0-8386-6906-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/elihuvedderameri0000sori}}
- {{cite book | last = Taylor | first = Joshua C. | year = 1979 | title = Perceptions and Evocations: The Art of Elihu Vedder | publisher = Smithsonian Books | isbn = 0-87474-902-6}}
- {{cite book|last= Vedder | first = Elihu | title = The Digressions of V | year = 1910 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin | location = New York |url=https://archive.org/details/digressionsvwri00veddgoog}}
- {{cite journal |last=Vedder |first=Elihu |author-link=Elihu Vedder |date=January 1910 |title=Reminiscences Of An American Painter I: Art Education Fifty Years Ago |journal=The World's Work: A History of Our Time |volume=XIX |pages=12459–12470 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bHIAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12459|access-date=2009-07-10 }}
- {{cite journal |last=Vedder |first=Elihu |author-link=Elihu Vedder |date=February 1910 |title=Reminiscences Of An American Painter II: Florentine Years In Retrospect |journal=The World's Work: A History of Our Time |volume=XIX |pages=12559–12570 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bHIAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12559|access-date=2009-07-10 }}
- {{cite journal |last=Vedder |first=Elihu |author-link=Elihu Vedder |date=March 1910 |title=Reminiscences Of An American Painter III: New York In War Time |journal=The World's Work: A History of Our Time |volume=XIX |pages=12684–12694 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bHIAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12684|access-date=2009-07-10 }}
- {{cite journal |last=Vedder |first=Elihu |author-link=Elihu Vedder |date=April 1910 |title=Reminiscences Of An American Painter Last Article: Paris and Rome |journal=The World's Work: A History of Our Time |volume=XIX |pages=12815–12824 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bHIAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12815|access-date=2009-07-10 }}
- {{cite book | last = Vedder | first = Elihu | year = 1914 | title = Miscellaneous Moods in Verse: One Hundred and One Poems with Illustrations | publisher = Porter E. Sargent | location = Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/miscellaneousmo00sarggoog}}
- {{cite book|last=Vedder| first = Elihu | year = 1922 | title = Doubt and Other Things | publisher = Porter E. Sargent | location = Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/doubtandotherthi00veddiala}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.elihuvedder.org www.ElihuVedder.org] 80 works online at Elihu Vedder virtual Gallery
- [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vedder_elihu.html Artcyclopedia: Elihu Vedder Online]
- [http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/elihu-vedder-papers-9264 Smithsonian Archives of American Art: The Elihu Vedder Papers]
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Category:19th-century American painters
Category:20th-century American painters
Category:20th-century American male artists
Category:American male painters
Category:Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome
Category:American Orientalist painters
Category:Painters from New York City
Category:19th-century American male artists