Emblem of Vietnam#List
{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox coat of arms
|color = #DE2929
|name = National Emblem of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|image = Emblem of Vietnam.svg
|image_width = 250
|middle =
|middle_width =
|middle_caption =
|lesser =
|lesser_width =
|lesser_caption =
|armiger = Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|year_adopted = 30 November 1955 (D.R. Vietnam)
2 July 1976 (S.R. Vietnam; current version)
|motto = {{lang|vi|CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM}}
{{small|("Socialist Republic of Vietnam")}}
|orders =
|other_elements =
|earlier_versions =120px
|use =Emblem of North Vietnam (1956-1976)
}}
The National Emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ({{Langx|vi|Quốc huy nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam|lit=State emblem of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam}}) or simply the emblem of Vietnam. It has been one of the official national symbols representing the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since 1976. A prominent example of the socialist-style heraldic family, the Vietnamese national emblem is designed circular and based on the symbolism of the Vietnamese national flag, having a red background and a yellow star in the middle which represent the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, business people and military personnel; the revolutionary history and bright future of Vietnam. The cog and crops represent the cooperation of agriculture and industrial labor.{{Cite web|title = QUỐC HUY NƯỚC CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM|url = http://www.mattran.org.vn/home/DatnuocVN/VietNam/CHXHCNVN.htm|language = Vietnamese|access-date = 6 September 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140607021343/http://www.mattran.org.vn/home/DatnuocVN/VietNam/CHXHCNVN.htm|archive-date = 7 June 2014|url-status = dead}}
According to the Constitution of Vietnam:
{{blockquote|The national emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is circular in shape; in the middle of a red background is a five-pointed golden star framed by rice ears below which is half a cogwheel and the inscription: Socialist Republic of Vietnam".|source=The 1992 Constitution of Vietnam, Article 142{{Cite web |title=National flag, emblem, anthem, declaration of independence|url=http://vietnam.gov.vn/national-flag-emblem-anthem-declaration-of-independence-68960 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924014611/https://vietnam.gov.vn/national-flag-emblem-anthem-declaration-of-independence-68960 |archive-date=2023-09-24 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Viet Nam Government Portal |publisher=Government of Vietnam}}}}
History
= Democratic Republic of Vietnam =
File:Công văn số 87-NG ngày 28-01-1951 của Bộ Ngoại giao gửi Ban Thường trực Quốc hội v-v đề nghị làm Quốc huy, Quốc ấn.jpg calling for the creation of a national emblem and a national seal for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (dated 28 January 1951)]]
During the 1950s, a number of countries around the world established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.{{cite web|url= https://moha.gov.vn/baucu/van-ban-huong-dan/khai-mac-trien-lam-phac-thao-mau-quoc-huy-viet-nam-nam-hoa-si-bui-trang-chuoc-44849.html|title= Khai mạc Triển lãm "Phác thảo mẫu Quốc huy Việt Nam – Họa sĩ Bùi Trang Chước".|date= 26 August 2020|accessdate= 4 April 2022|author= Thiên Lý – Trung tâm Lưu trữ Quốc gia III|publisher= Ministry of Home Affairs of Vietnam|language= vi|archive-date= 7 October 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221007083102/https://moha.gov.vn/baucu/van-ban-huong-dan/khai-mac-trien-lam-phac-thao-mau-quoc-huy-viet-nam-nam-hoa-si-bui-trang-chuoc-44849.html|url-status= live}} In order to expand relations with other countries and affirm Vietnam's sovereignty through diplomatic activities, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has sent an official dispatch to the National Assembly Standing Committee on the creation of the national emblem. The Workers' Party of North Vietnam and the North Vietnamese government advocated for the creation of a national emblem "to achieve orderliness for international dealings". The coat of arms was designed by artist Bùi Trang Chước and was edited by artist Trần Văn Cẩn.{{Cite web|url=https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/chinese/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%B0/457251.html|title=越南国徽设计诞生记|date=2020-10-14|work=越南画报|language=zh-cn|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111221846/https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/chinese/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%B0/457251.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B/129401.vnp|title=越南国徽诞生背后故事|work=越通社|date=2020-08-31|language=zh-cn|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124040408/https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B/129401.vnp|url-status=live}}
North Vietnam adopted its national emblem on 30 November 1955.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
In June 1953 Bùi Trang Chước entered a contest to design the national emblem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, in which he submitted 112 different detailed research drawings, sketches and pencil drawings.{{cite web|url= https://daibieunhandan.vn/nhung-phac-thao-mau-ve-quoc-huy-viet-nam-yhnfybwfic-46169|title= Những phác thảo mẫu vẽ Quốc huy Việt Nam.|date= 24 August 2020|accessdate= 4 April 2022|author= Th. Nguyên|publisher= {{ill|Đại biểu nhân dân|vi|Đại biểu nhân dân}} (Government of Vietnam)|language= vi|archive-date= 6 July 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230706182144/https://daibieunhandan.vn/van-hoa/Nhung-phac-thao-mau-ve-Quoc-huy-Viet-Nam-i250455/|url-status= live}} Of his submissions 15 sketches were selected by the Central Committee of Fine Arts and Arts and sent to the Ministry of Propaganda for submission to the Prime Minister in October 1954.
Since Vietnam is a communist state, the design closely resembles the emblem of the People's Republic of China and is also based on the coat of arms of the Soviet Union.
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = 1955 National emblem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.jpg
| caption1 = The emblem design approved by the National Assembly of Vietnam on September of 1955.
| header = Issuance of the national emblem in North Vietnam
| image2 = 1956 National emblem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.jpg
| caption2 = The emblem was issued and made effective by Ho Chi Minh's administration on January of 1956, which has then became the standardised design for the Vietnamese emblem until now.
}}
Later, in his memoir "I draw the model of the National Emblem" (Tôi vẽ mẫu Quốc huy) by Bùi Trang Chước published on 26 April 1985, he wrote: "My last sketch of the [North] Vietnamese National Emblem back then was for presentation. In a circular shape, the two sides are surrounded by Vietnamese rice grains with some rice flowers hanging inside holding an anvil at the bottom, symbolising agriculture. Under the anvil is a silk strip that later received the words "Democratic Republic of Vietnam" (Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa). The two ends of the silk strip wrap the two sides of the rice flower from the bottom up, each side two segments. In the upper centre in the background is a yellow star superimposed on a red background, under the star near the center of the background is an arc of the sun with rays around it, evoking an image of dawn."{{cite web|url= https://laodongthudo.vn/co-hoa-si-bui-trang-chuoc-nguoi-tao-hinh-quoc-huy-79364.html|title= Cố họa sĩ Bùi Trang Chước: Người tạo hình Quốc huy. – (LĐTĐ) Cố họa sĩ Bùi Trang Chước được xem là một trong những họa sĩ tài năng hàng đầu của nền hội họa Việt Nam. Cả cuộc đời của ông đã sáng tác rất nhiều tác phẩm có giá trị nghệ thuật cao, trong đó phải kể đến tác phẩm mẫu Quốc huy nước Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa nay là Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam. Ông cũng được giới hội họa ghi nhận là người họa sĩ đầu tiên của Việt Nam và Đông Dương vẽ nhiều tem thư, tiền giấy...|date= 1 October 2019|accessdate= 5 July 2022|author= Phạm Thắng|publisher= Báo Lao Động Thủ đô (Vietnam General Confederation of Labour)|language= vi|archive-date= 4 April 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220404070335/https://laodongthudo.vn/co-hoa-si-bui-trang-chuoc-nguoi-tao-hinh-quoc-huy-79364.html|url-status= live}} He noted that his entire National Emblem design uses only two colours yellow and red, the traditional colours of the nation.
After sending this sketch for comment to the North Vietnamese president Hồ Chí Minh a number of corrections were requested. President Hồ Chí Minh commented that: "The image of the anvil is an individual handicraft, so the image should be replaced with something that represents modern industry." After three edits, from early 1955 to September 1955, painter Bùi Trang Chước completed the model.
Regarding this last sample of the North Vietnamese national emblem, artist Bùi Trang Chước wrote: "This time I also drew a circle around the two sides, there are more rice flowers extending upwards, adjacent to the border. Each of them are located at the top of the circle, the two sides still keep the rice flowers hanging down to embrace now a cogwheel rather than an anvil. At the bottom, the silk ribbon in the middle has the words {{Lang|vi|Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa}} ("Democratic Republic of Vietnam"). The silk ribbon is still wrapped on the rice stalks with 2 sections on each side, the roots of the rice flowers cross each other to form the emblem." The sun below the star and its rays were also removed. In terms of colour, the background inside of the North Vietnamese National Emblem and the silk medal is red, while other motifs such as the rice flowers, stars and wheels are yellow.
After the 5th National Assembly session (September 1955) gave advice to correct a few minor details before the national emblem could be approved. But because at the time Bùi Trang Chước had to accept the government's secret mission to the People's Republic of China to draw and paint designs for the new banknotes, the editing of a few details (such as the lengthening of the rice stalks from the base to the sole) was assigned to artist Trần Văn Cẩn.
= Socialist Republic of Vietnam =
File:Tô Lâm's letter to the educators on 2024-25 academic year kickstarting.jpg, as seen on this 2024 presidential letter from Tô Lâm.]]
Following the merger of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam with the Republic of South Vietnam on 2 July 1976, a slightly modified version was adopted by the newly established Socialist Republic of Vietnam.{{Cite web|title=Mẫu Quốc huy là của HS Bùi Trang Chước và Trần Văn Cẩn |url=http://phienbancu.tuoitre.vn/tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=49770&ChannelID=10 |language=Vietnamese |date=September 29, 2004 |work=báo Tuổi trẻ |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824094302/http://phienbancu.tuoitre.vn/tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=49770&ChannelID=10 |archivedate=24 August 2011 |df=dmy }} The new version replaced the wording "Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa" with "Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam".
File:Căn cước công dân gắn chíp mặt trước.jpg
In 2007 a representative of the National Assembly of Vietnam, the artist Trần Khánh Chương, commented that the printing process of Vietnam's national emblems featured too many errors and problems,"Biểu tượng Quốc huy—In quá tùy tiện" (The national emblem is printed too carelessly), newspaper {{ill|Thể thao & Văn hóa (newspaper)|vi|Thể thao & Văn hóa}}, No. 36, 24 March 2007, p. 37 resulting in many inaccurate "versions". Notable errors included: the rice corn is too big (just like the wheat corn), the gear only has six teeth instead of ten, the circles inside the gear are not accurate, and the space between the rice corn appears uneven.[http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/tin-nhanh/27604/sai-tren-quoc-huy--lua-nep-thanh-lua-mi-.html Sai trên Quốc huy: Lúa nếp thành lúa mì!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714204312/http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/tin-nhanh/27604/sai-tren-quoc-huy--lua-nep-thanh-lua-mi-.html |date=14 July 2014 }} (Errors in the National Emblem: Rices become wheat !) {{in lang|vi}}
On 25 December 2021 the Prime Minister of Vietnam issued Quyết định số 2198/QĐ-TTg (Decision No. 2198/QD-TTg) on the recognition of National Treasures which declared the collections of the 1953–1955 North Vietnamese national emblem proposals by Bùi Trang Chước as a national treasure, these sketches are currently (as of December 2022) kept at the National Archives Center III, Department of State Records and Archives, Ministry of Home Affairs.{{cite web|url= https://luutru.gov.vn/phat-huy-gia-tri-tap-phac-thao-mau-quoc-huy-viet-nam-sau-mot-nam-tro-thanh-bao-vat-quoc-gia.htm|title= Phát huy giá trị Tập phác thảo mẫu Quốc huy Việt Nam sau một năm trở thành Bảo vật quốc gia. – Trong 1 năm qua, khối Bảo vật quốc gia này luôn được các cơ quan quản lý, cơ quan chuyên môn, các tổ chức, cá nhân trong nước và nước ngoài quan tâm, tìm hiểu, trân quý, bảo quản và phát huy giá trị.|date= 8 December 2022|accessdate= 19 December 2022|author= Đỗ Hương – TTLTQGIII|publisher= Cục Văn thư và Lưu trữ nhà nước (State Records And Archives Management Department Of VietNam)|language= vi|archive-date= 8 December 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221208201250/https://luutru.gov.vn/phat-huy-gia-tri-tap-phac-thao-mau-quoc-huy-viet-nam-sau-mot-nam-tro-thanh-bao-vat-quoc-gia.htm|url-status= live}} After this decision these sketches were put on public display as a part of the {{Lang|vi|"Ký ức của bạn, lịch sử của chúng ta"}} ("Your memory – Our history") exhibition. To aid researchers (both Vietnamese and foreign) the National Archives Center III plans on digitising the North Vietnamese national emblem proposals and make them publicly available online.
=== Others ===
== Nguyễn dynasty ==
{{Main|Coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty}}
The national coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty was introduced during the reign of the Thành Thái Emperor after the imperial court in Huế ordered ceramics from the French Alfred Hache & Co. porcelain factory in Vierzon, Cher department and Paris in 1903, this coat of arms featured a scroll with the country's name (國號, quốc hiệu), Đại Nam (大南), supported by a five-clawed dragon and a horizontal sword.Trung tâm Bảo tồn Di tích Cố Đô Huế, Huế Museum of Royal Fine Arts (Bảo tàng Cổ vật Cung đình Huế), The European ceramics at the Huế Royal Antiques Museum - Đồ gốm sứ Châu Âu tại Bảo tàng cổ vật cung đình Huế (2018), Publisher: NXB. Tổng hợp tp. Hồ Chí Minh. Pages: 60-62. (in Vietnamese).{{cite web|url= http://nghethuatxua.com/vua-thanh-thai-va-bo-do-an-dai-nam/|title= Vua Thành Thái và bộ đồ ăn Đại Nam.|date= 17 February 2017|accessdate= 16 May 2023|author= Philippe Trương|publisher= Nghệ Thuật Xưa|language= vi|archive-date= 16 May 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230516071214/http://nghethuatxua.com/vua-thanh-thai-va-bo-do-an-dai-nam/|url-status= live}} These ceramics were then used to service foreign delegates visiting Huế on diplomatic missions. As coats of arms were considered national symbols representing the sovereignty of a country in international relations, the usage of "Đại Nam coat of arms" was considered not unexpected of nationalism while the country was under French domination.
Later during the Khải Định period a different version of their coat of arms appears on blue porcelains produced by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres.
Personalised versions of the coat of arms were also used during the Khải Định and Bảo Đại periods. Khải Định's imperial seal contained a version of the imperial coat of arms but with the six Chinese characters "{{lang|vi|Khải Định Đại Nam Hoàng đế}}" ({{lang|vi|啟定大南皇帝}}) on the scroll instead of the country's name.{{cite web|url= http://www.alaintruong.com/archives/2012/06/17/24518665.html|title= Sceau en or et pierre dure de l'empereur Khai Dinh.|date= 17 June 2012|accessdate= 28 March 2021|author= Alain R. Truong|publisher= Les Carnets de Philippe Truong|language= fr|archive-date= 16 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220716132136/http://www.alaintruong.com/archives/2012/06/17/24518665.html|url-status= live}} During the Bảo Đại period the scroll only contained two Chinese characters bearing the reign era of the emperor.Bảo Đại, S.M. Bao Daï, Le Dragon d'Annam (1980). Publisher: Plon. Cover page (in French). His personal coat of arms continued to be used by members of the House of Nguyễn Phúc after the abolition of the Nguyễn dynasty.Lynda Trouvé - Maison de ventes aux enchéres - [http://www.lyndatrouve.com/lot/92238/9288388-gouvernement-de-sm-bao-dai-194 Gouvernement de S.M. Bao Daï (1949-1955) UN... - Lot 90 - Lynda Trouvé] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416123200/http://www.lyndatrouve.com/lot/92238/9288388-gouvernement-de-sm-bao-dai-194 |date=16 April 2023 }}. (in French).
== State of Vietnam ==
The coat of arms of the State of Vietnam (which after the 1954 Geneva Agreements became known as "South Vietnam") featured a blue dragon (a symbol of the Nguyễn dynasty) on an escutcheon (shield) of yellow and red stripes.Otto Neubecker (1969) "Neue und veränderte Staatswappen seit 1945 IIa. Die Wappen der Staaten Asiens" (Fortsetzung, Schluß und Nachtrag). Kleeblatt-Jahrbuch 1968/69, p. 37-75. (in German)
== List ==
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
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{{Coats of arms of Asia}}
{{Vietnam topics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coat Of Arms Of Vietnam}}