Emergency Response Guidebook

{{Short description|Reference book for emergency response personnel}}

{{Infobox book

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| name = Emergency Response Guidebook

| image = Emergency Response Guidebook - 2024 Cover.png

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| caption = 2024 English cover

| author = United States Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico

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| subject = Hazardous Materials

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| published = Every four years

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| pub_date = 04/2024

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| pages = 389

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| notes = Alternate titles:

Guía de Respuesta en Caso de Emergencia

Guide Des Mesures D'Urgence

| exclude_cover =

| website = [https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/erg/emergency-response-guidebook-erg www.phmsa.dot.gov]

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The Emergency Response Guidebook: A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident (ERG) is used by emergency response personnel (such as firefighters, paramedics and police officers) in Canada, Mexico, and the United States when responding to a transportation emergency involving hazardous materials. First responders in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia have recently begun using the ERG as well. It is produced by the United States Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Transport Canada, and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (Mexico).

History

The first iteration was published by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) in December 1973, as Emergency Services Guide for Selected Hazardous Materials.{{cite book |last1=Office of Hazardous Materials |title=Emergency Services Guide for Selected Hazardous Materials |date=1974 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |edition=4th Printing - February 1975 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015009805261 |access-date=18 May 2024}} This first document was 63 pages long, containing information for only 29 chemicals. The next version, appeared in May 1976, as Hazardous Materials - Emergency Action Guide.{{cite book |last1=National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Materials Transportation Bureau |title=Hazardous Materials - Emergency Action Guide |date=1976 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |edition=First Edition - 1976 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075222086 |access-date=18 May 2024}} A revised version would be released in January 1977, which added an image of the relevant, newly adopted hazardous material placards to each substance's entry.{{cite book |last1=National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Materials Transportation Bureau |title=Hazardous Materials - Emergency Action Guide |date=1977 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |edition=Revised Edition - 1977 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.aa0006159180 |access-date=18 May 2024}} These early documents were very barebones, containing only 29 to 43 materials, mostly flammable substances, corrosives and toxic gases.{{cite book |last1=National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Materials Transportation Bureau |title=Hazardous Materials - Emergency Action Guide |date=1977 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |edition=Revised Edition - 1977 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.aa0006159180 |access-date=18 May 2024|page=9}}

1980 saw the first year of the Emergency Response Guidebook in its modern form. The book grew significantly from 87 pages in prior editions, to just over 140 pages, introducing the color coded sections, alongside general guide pages that described the response to a wide number of similar substances, replacing the specific entries for individual substances. Placard charts for devising responses when the exact substances isn't known and Chemtrec as an advice resource would also make their first appearances in 1980.{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Robert A. |title=Standard of Care and Hazmat Planning |date=2020 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781138316768}}{{cite book |last1=Material Transportation Bureau |title=Hazardous Materials - Emergency Response Guidebook |date=1980 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |edition=First Reprint - February 1981 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ien.35556021135066 |access-date=18 May 2024}} New editions would be published in 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993.{{cite book |last1=Office of Hazardous Materials Initiatives and Training |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=1993 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |isbn=0160429382 |edition=Second Printing |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.l0067729517 |access-date=18 May 2024}}

The 1996 edition would be a turning point, released as North American Emergency Response Guidebook, this edition would see formal involvement of Transport Canada (TC) and he Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (SCT) of Mexico for the first time, with their national emblems appearing alongside the USDOT logo and contact information in the rear of the book.{{cite book |last1=Office of Hazardous Materials Initiatives and Training |title=North American Emergency Response Guidebook |date=1996 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754062583814 |access-date=18 May 2024}} This would also see the start of the four year refresh cycle. The book's title reverted to the previous Emergency Response Guidebook in the 2000 edition.{{cite book |last1=Material Transportation Bureau |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2000 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754062511955 |access-date=18 May 2024}}

From the 2004 edition, information on responding to terrorism involving hazardous materials was included.{{cite book |last1=Office of Hazardous Materials Initiatives and Training |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2004 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dot/erg/erg.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430220733/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dot/erg/erg.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2017 }} 2004 would also mark the involvement of the Chemistry Information Center for Emergencies (CIQUIME) of Argentina assisting in development of the guidebook.{{cite book |last1=Office of Hazardous Materials Initiatives and Training |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2004 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dot/erg/erg.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430220733/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dot/erg/erg.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2017 |page=366}} New editions have been published in 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, and most recently 2024.

Guidebook Contents

{{Blockquote

|text=It is primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of the material(s) involved in the incident, and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident.

|source=Emergency Response Guidebook (2012){{cite book |last1=Pipeline & Hazardous Safety Administration |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2012 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |pages=356 |url=http://phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2012.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614182055/http://phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2012.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2016 }}

}}

The Emergency Response Guide is intended to give first responders (firefighters, police officers) prompt advice during the initial stages of an emergency, such as a fire or chemical leak resulting from a transportation accident, such as a train derailment or crash involving a truck. It is primarily intended to respond to transportation accidents involving railroads, highways and pipelines. While it can be used with incidents involving aircraft, ships and permanent structures, the advice may not be suitable.{{cite book |last1=Pipeline & Hazardous Safety Administration |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2024 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420132523/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2024 }} First responders are expected to transition away from using the ERG as soon as possible, consulting better information sources, such as emergency response resources through the manufacturer or shipper, or emergency response organizations such as ChemTrec, Canutec, Cenacom, etc.

Since the 1980s, the ERG has used a layout that divides the book into six color-coded sections (white [uncolored], yellow, blue, orange, green, and a second white [uncolored]). The blue and yellow sections assist in connecting a substance to a specific "Guide" which provides appropriate response to the substance in question. The Orange Section, consists of 62 "Guides", that identify the primary hazards associated with the applicable general category of hazardous material and general guidance on how to respond to incidents involving that general category of hazardous material. Substances that are hazardous enough to demand a widespread evacuation, such as Chlorine, are listed in the Green Section. The white sections provide other information to support the guidebook, such as contact numbers for expert chemical information sources, glossary, decontamination and protective clothing.

The document is formally published in three languages: English, French, and Spanish. It has been translated in to a number of other languages by third parties, including Mandarin, German, Hebrew, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, Hungarian, Polish, Turkish and Thai.{{cite book |last1=Pipeline & Hazardous Safety Administration |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2024 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |pages=380 |url=https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420132523/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2024 }}

= White Section (front) =

The first section, with white page (uncolored) borders, provides the following:{{cite book |last1=Pipeline & Hazardous Safety Administration |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2024 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420132523/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2024 |page=3}}

Information regarding reading and understanding shipping documents
A flowchart for how to use the guidebook to respond to an incident
General guidance for responding to any hazardous material incident
Basic information on the hazard classification system and the associated placards/labels
Guide recommendations for situations where materials are unknown, and must be identified by:
placards,
rail cars
truck trailers
General safety precautions
Information on labels for Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
Hazard identification numbers, (Used in European & South American placards systems)
Specific guidance for incidents involving pipelines

= Yellow Section =

The second section, with yellow page borders, references the material in order of its assigned 4-digit UN/NA number (Called "ID No." in the ERG) and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section and its official name per UN regulations. Chemical/biological warfare agents don't appear in this section, starting in the 2024 edition.{{cite book |last1=Pipeline & Hazardous Safety Administration |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2024 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420132523/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2024 |page=28}} Items highlighted in green in this section will have evacuation distances included in the Green Section.

= Blue Section =

The third section, with blue page borders, references the material in alphabetical order of its official name and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section) and its 4-digit UN/NA number. Items highlighted in green in this section will also have evacuation distances included in the Green Section. As with the yellow section, chemical/biological warfare agents don't appear in this section, starting in the 2024 edition.{{cite book |last1=Pipeline & Hazardous Safety Administration |title=Emergency Response Guidebook |date=2024 |publisher=United States Department Of Transportation |location=Washington D.C. |url=https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420132523/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2024 |page=88}}

= Orange Section =

The fourth section, with orange page borders, includes the actual response guides. Each guide is broken into three primary sections: "Potential Hazards", "Public Safety", and "Emergency Response". Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase (first thirty minutes) of the incident. It includes "health" and "fire or explosion" potential hazard information (with the more dangerous hazard listed first). For example, "the material gives off irritating vapors, easily ignited by heat, reactive with water"; "highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin"; etc.

Next this section includes information for responders on appropriate protective clothing and possible evacuation information for either spill or fire is given. It also includes information on fighting fires (example, do not apply water to sodium), warnings for spills or leaks, and special directions for first aid (example, not to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if the materials are toxic).

There are two special guides in this section: "General First Aid", which provides basic first aid information when dealing with an individual exposed to a hazardous material, and doesn't correspond to a specific hazardous material, and is unnumbered. The other, is Guide #111 - Mixed Load/Unidentified Cargo, which is for use in situations where either multiple hazardous materials are involved, or even basic information is unavailable, such as when a railcar or truck is buried under vehicles/debris or obscured by fire or smoke.

= Green Section =

The fifth section, with green page borders, suggests initial evacuation or shelter in place distances (protective action distances) for spills of materials that are Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH). These distances vary based on the size of the spill (small or large) and whether the incident occurs during the day or at night. Only materials that were highlighted in green in the Yellow and Blue Sections are included in the Green Section.

This section also includes information regarding toxic gases that are produced when certain materials are spilled in water (as identified previously in this section). Finally, this section includes some very specific evacuation details for six common materials.

= White Section (back) =

The sixth section, with white page (uncolored) borders, provides the following:

Additional instructions on how to use the guidebook
Information regarding protective clothing and equipment
Instructions on fire and spill control
Responding to lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle fires
BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion) safety precautions
Beginning with the 2004 edition, information specifically for hazardous materials being used for terrorism
Glossary of terms used in the ERG
Contact information for the various countries

References

External links

=Editions of the ERG=

[https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf 2024 Edition - Current Edition] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20240420132523/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf (Archived)]
[https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2020-08/ERG2020-WEB.pdf 2020 Edition] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20200814190019/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2020-08/ERG2020-WEB.pdf (Archived)]
[https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/ERG2016.pdf 2016 Edition] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20190628200610/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/ERG2016.pdf (Archived)]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20160614182055/http://phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2012.pdf 2012 Edition] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20190219055813/https://www.snchiefs.com/media/ERG2012.pdf (Archived)]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20170829234031/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/erg2008_eng.pdf 2008 Edition] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20170829234031/https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/erg2008_eng.pdf (Archived)]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060215113944/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dot/erg/erg.pdf 2004 Edition] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20170430220733/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dot/erg/erg.pdf (Archived)]
[https://archive.org/details/emergencyrespons00unit 2000 Edition] - At Internet Archive
[https://archive.org/details/1996northamerica00unit 1996 Edition] - At Internet Archive
[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.l0067729517 1993 Edition]- At HathiTrust
[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754060376708 1990 Edition] - At HathiTrust

[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/chi.23037916 1984 Edition] - At HathiTrust
[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ien.35556021135066 1980 Edition] - At HathiTrust
[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ien.35556021021407 Emergency Action Guide for Selected Hazardous Materials - 1978] - At HathiTrust
[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075222086 Hazardous Materials - Emergency Action Guide - 1976] - At HathiTrust
[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015009805261 Emergency Services Guide for Selected Hazardous Materials] (1974) - At HathiTrust

=Other links=

{{Official website|https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/erg/emergency-response-guidebook-erg}} - The United States Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
{{Official website|https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/canutec/guide-menu-227.htm}} - Transport Canada webpage

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Category:1980 non-fiction books

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Category:1987 non-fiction books

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