Emerging power
{{Short description|Nation or block with steadily rising influence in world affairs}}
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Image:Diagrama BASIC, BRICS, G5, IBAS.svg of some international coalitions (BASIC, BRICS, G5 and IBAS/IBSA) of some emerging powers (Brazil, China, India,
Russia and South Africa) plus Mexico]]
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An emerging power or rising power is a sovereign state or union of states with significant rising influence in global affairs. Such a power aspires to have a more powerful position or role in international relations, either regionally or globally, and possess sufficient resources and levels of development that such goals are potentially achievable.
Characteristics
There are few available conceptualizations of the term "emerging power". Therefore, there is no standard or agreed method to decide which states are emerging powers.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} However, a fundamental characteristic of an emerging power is that it is also an emerging economy, being that economic development is necessary and preliminary to political and military emergence.{{cite book|title=The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofgreatp00kenn|url-access=registration|year=1987|first=Paul|last=Kennedy|publisher=Random House|isbn=0679-720197}} It has been argued that while a country may be an emerging power, it is above anything else an emerging economy with only the potential or hope of increasing their global influence. This is because of several limiting factors, largely the seven dimensions of state power: geography, population, economy, resources, military, diplomacy, and national identity.{{cite book|title=The European Union and Emerging Powers in the 21st Century: How Europe Can Shape a New Global Order|date=2013|first1=Thomas|last1=Renard|first2=Sven|last2=Biscop}} Traditionally, only great powers or superpowers have succeeded in all seven dimensions of state power.
The BRICS{{cite web|url=http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/China_Monitor_JUNE_2010.pdf |title=The Emerging Politics of the Emerging Powers: The BRICs and the Global South |work=The China Monitor |publisher=Centre For Chinese Studies |last1=Shaw |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Cornelissen |first2=Scarlett |first3=Liliana Avendãno |last3=Miranda |last4=McDonald |first4=Matthew |location=University of Stellenbosch, South Africa |date=June 2010 |issue=52 |access-date=4 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204011005/http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/China_Monitor_JUNE_2010.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2013 }} are often cited as being emerging powers, but at varying stages of development and of varying degrees of potential. For example, Russia, which was once a superpower, is now re-emerging in some aspects of state power following the fall of the Soviet Union. China and India are emerging as potential superpowers, while Brazil is emerging as a possible great power.{{Cite web |title=Brazil as an Emerging Power: The View from the United States |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/brazil-emerging-power-view-united-states |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=June 28, 2016 |title=CHAPTER ONE - Brazil, the Emerging Powers, and the Future of the International Order |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Chapter-One-41.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2023 |website=Brookings Institution}}{{Cite web |title=Aspirational Power |url=https://www.brookings.edu/books/aspirational-power/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}
List of emerging powers
The term emerging power is often used to delineate the following G20 countries:
Advanced economies and/or developed countries of the G20 major economies
- {{flagcountry|Australia}}[http://www.moderndiplomacy.eu/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=652:what-does-it-mean-to-be-an-emerging-power&Itemid=768 What does it mean to be an Emerging Power?], moderndiplomacy.eu, 3 May 2015
- {{flagcountry|South Korea}}[https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3212634/the-growth-of-south-korean-soft-power-and-its-geopolitical-implications/ The Growth of South Korean Soft Power and Its Geopolitical Implications]
Emerging markets and/or developing countries of the G20 major economies
- {{flagcountry|Argentina}}[http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/researchpublications/prb0570-e.htm Parliamentary Information and Research Service: Emerging Powers in the global system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026115017/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/researchpublications/prb0570-e.htm |date=26 October 2015 }}, parl.gc.ca, 27 March 2006
- {{flagcountry|Brazil}}Stacy White, [http://csis.org/files/publication/110214_White_EmergingPowers_Web.pdf CSIS: Emerging Powers, Emerging Donors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308123921/http://csis.org/files/publication/110214_White_EmergingPowers_Web.pdf |date=8 March 2011 }}, Published February 2011[http://fride.org/descarga/com_emerging_powers_eng_abr08.pdf FRIDE: The international arena and emerging powers: stabilising or destabilising forces?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615194931/http://fride.org/descarga/com_emerging_powers_eng_abr08.pdf |date=15 June 2016 }}, Susanne Gratius, April 2008
- {{flagcountry|China}}
- {{flagcountry|India}}
- {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060 | title=The Mint countries: Next economic giants? | publisher=BBC | date=6 January 2014 | access-date=27 April 2015}}
- {{flagcountry|Mexico}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-could-be-worlds-next-great-power-2016-3|title=Mexico has a chance to be the world's 'next great power'|website=businessinsider.com|access-date=June 20, 2019}}
- {{flagcountry|Russia}}{{Update inline|reason=Russia's invasion of Ukraine has led some people to believe it is a declining power.|date=April 2022}}
- {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
- {{flagcountry|South Africa}}
- {{flagcountry|Turkey}}
Although there is no exact and agreed upon definition of what constitutes an emerging power, the term has sometimes been also applied to the following other countries:
- {{flagcountry|Algeria}}[https://www.thebrokeronline.eu/algeria-the-sleeping-giant-of-north-africa-d12/ Algeria, the Sleeping Giant of North Africa]
- {{flagcountry|Colombia}}{{Cite web|last=PricewaterhouseCoopers|title=Shift of global economic power to emerging economies set to continue in long run, with India, Indonesia and Vietnam among star performers|url=https://www.pwc.com/jp/en/press-room/world-in-2050-170213.html|access-date=2021-06-02|website=PwC|language=en-jp}}{{Cite web|title=Colombia: from failed state to Latin American powerhouse|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/globalbusiness/11441732/Colombia-from-failed-state-to-Latin-American-powerhouse.html|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|date=28 February 2015 }}{{Cite web|title=The new world of business|url=https://fortune.com/2015/01/22/the-new-world-of-business/|access-date=2021-06-02|website=Fortune|language=en}}
- {{flagcountry|Egypt}}{{cite news|last=Greenwood |first=John |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904716604576546632573895382 |title=After BRICs, CIVETS? September 19, 2011 |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=2011-09-18 |access-date=2012-06-28}}{{cite web | url=https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-among-top-10-emerging-economies-minister/| title=Egypt among top 10 emerging economies| date=22 January 2020}}{{cite web | url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/175234/f194e6326ee12f80c3705117b151ef78.pdf| title=Rising powers and the future of peacekeeping and peacebuilding}}{{cite web | url=https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12454&p=66109 | title=Emerging Markets - BRICS & CIVETS Resources @ Pitt (Brazil, India, Russia, China, South Africa & Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa and more | access-date=25 May 2020 | archive-date=31 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731030150/https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12454&p=66109 | url-status=dead }}
- {{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}{{Cite web |title=Will Ethiopia be the next China? |url=https://theweek.com/articles/777092/ethiopia-next-china |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=The Week |date=6 June 2018 |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/5-reasons-why-ethiopia-could-be-the-next-global-economy-to-watch/ |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Somtribune |date=2020-08-29 |title=Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower |url=https://www.somtribune.com/2020/08/29/ethiopia-can-be-africas-next-superpower/ |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=SomTribune |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia: East Africa's Emerging Giant |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/ethiopia-east-africas-emerging-giant |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}
- {{flagcountry|Iran}}[http://www.saisjournal.org/posts/-iran-an-emerging-power-in-perspective Iran An Emerging Power in Perspective] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117105030/http://www.saisjournal.org/posts/-iran-an-emerging-power-in-perspective |date=17 November 2018 }}, saisjournal.org, GARY SICK
- {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}[https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2021/01/10/337988/phl-included-among-emerging-powerhouse-economies/ Philippines included among emerging powerhouse economies]
- {{flagcountry|Nigeria}}{{cite web | url=https://www.bet.com/article/d5ddnx/nigeria-an-emerging-african-power | title=Nigeria, an Emerging African Power | publisher=BET | date=20 July 2011 | access-date=27 April 2015}}{{cite web | url=http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/01/mint-countries-nigeria-now-listed-among-emerging-world-economic-powers/ | title=MINT Countries: Nigeria Now Listed Among Emerging World Economic Powers! | publisher=The Street Journal | date=7 January 2014 | access-date=27 April 2015 | archive-date=13 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513060455/http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/01/mint-countries-nigeria-now-listed-among-emerging-world-economic-powers/ | url-status=dead }}{{Cite web|last=EST|first=Sam Hill On 01/15/20 at 7:00 AM|date=2020-01-15|title=Black China: Africa's first superpower is coming sooner than you think|url=https://www.newsweek.com/2020/01/31/nigeria-next-superpower-1481949.html|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Newsweek|language=en}}
- {{flag|Pakistan}}{{Cite web|title=Pakistan emerging as global power|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/56038-pakistan-emerging-as-global-power|access-date=2018-03-17|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}{{Cite news|title=Pakistan and Emerging Markets in the World Economy|language=en|work=IMF|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2016/10/24/SP102416-Pakistan-Emerging-Markets-in-the-World-Economy|access-date=2018-03-17}}GIGA Research Programme: Power, Norms and Governance in International Relations https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/151160/wp200_shim-flamm.pdf"Secondary regional powers in Huntington's view include Great Britain, Ukraine, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Argentina." See Tom Nierop, "The Clash of Civilisations," in The Territorial Factor, edited by Gertjan Dijkink and Hans Knippenberg (Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA, 2001), p. 61.
- {{flagcountry|Philippines}}
- {{flagcountry|Poland}}[https://www.economist.com/europe/2025/01/22/how-poland-emerged-as-a-leading-defence-power]
- {{flagcountry|Thailand}}
- {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}[https://www.cfr.org/blog/middle-easts-emerging-power-rise-emirates The Middle East's Emerging Power: The Rise Of The Emirates]
- {{flagcountry|Vietnam}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.crp.polis.cam.ac.uk Centre for Rising Powers], University of Cambridge
- [http://www.risingpowersinitiative.org Rising Powers Initiative], George Washington University
- [http://www.ids.ac.uk/idsresearch/rising-powers-in-international-development-programme Rising Powers In International Development Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828172315/http://www.ids.ac.uk/idsresearch/rising-powers-in-international-development-programme |date=28 August 2018 }}
- [http://www.postwesternworld.com Post Western World], Getúlio Vargas Foundation
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002014/http://www.brookings.edu/about/projects/international-order-strategy, Project on International Order and Strategy], Brookings Institution
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