Energy descent
{{Short description|Process whereby a society either voluntarily or involuntarily reduces its total energy consumption}}
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File:Hubbert peak oil plot.svg; it has a peak of 12.5 billion barrels per year in
about the year 2000]]
Energy descent is a process whereby a society either voluntarily or involuntarily reduces its total energy consumption.
Energy descent can be understood in relation to peak oil, in which case there is a theoretical post-peak-oil transitional phase characterized by a descending use of energy. The peak oil energy descent model has focused mainly on resource scarcity leading to an involuntary contraction of energy use.
The phrase "energy descent" has also become increasingly associated with the voluntary and deliberate choice of a society to reduce energy consumption in response to the global climate crisis.{{cite web |last1=Holmgren |first1=David |title="xyz"|url=http://www.futurescenarios.org/content/view/26/40/index.html |website=Future Scenarios |publisher=Holmgren Design Services }} The basic premise of energy descent in this latter context is that a simple replacement of fossil fuels with renewable and cleaner energy sources will not be feasible in the time frame required by an effective response to the global climate crisis. That is, those who call for a voluntary energy descent doubt that clean and renewable energy sources can simply replace the total quantity of energy currently in use while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions.{{Citation |last=Leahy |first=Terry |title=Conclusion: Permaculture Politics |date=2021 |work=The Politics of Permaculture |pages=193–212 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1sjwpv5.11 |access-date=2025-01-02 |edition=1 |publisher=Pluto Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1sjwpv5.11 |jstor=j.ctv1sjwpv5.11 |isbn=978-0-7453-4274-0}}
Summary
Energy descent refers to retraction of oil use after the peak oil availability or voluntary energy use reductions in response to the global climate crisis.
Planning and preparing for the peak oil energy descent period has been recently promoted by David Holmgren, Rob Hopkins of the Transition Towns movement, and Richard Heinberg in the 2004 book Power down. Many who have planned and prepared for peak oil now see the climate crisis as an equally important—or greater—near term concern as compared with energy resource scarcity brought about by peak oil.
That oil reserves are dwindling is now becoming acknowledged more widely, especially after the International Energy Agency released the 2008 World Energy Outlook report.[http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/ 2008 World Energy Outlook] Between 2007 and 2008 the IEA changed its figures for projected rate of decline in world energy supply from 3.7% a year (2007) to a projected rate of decline of 6.7% a year (2008) leading to a peak in oil supplies in 2020.{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/dec/15/oil-peak-energy-iea | author = George Monbiot | author-link = George Monbiot | title = When will the oil run out? | work = The Guardian | date = December 15, 2008}}
In 2008 several major companies including Arup, Yahoo, and Virgin created the UK Industry Taskforce on Peak Oil and Energy Security (ITPOES) and released a report, The Oil Crunch,{{cite web | url = https://www.peakoil.net/publications/the-oil-crunch | title = The Oil Crunch | date = October 29, 2008}} which calls for 'collaborative contingency planning' by government and industry in the face of dwindling oil reserves.
An Energy Descent Action Plan (EDAP) is a local plan for planning and preparing for energy descent. It goes well beyond issues of energy supply, to look at across-the-board creative adaptations in the realms of health, education, economy and much more. Energy Descent Planning is a process developed by the Transition Towns Movement.
Criticism
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Some techno-optimists, such as Julian Simon, have disputed energy projections such as this, arguing that as oil becomes more expensive, humanity will tend to diversify its energy sources away from a reliance on oil, thus avoiding undesired global reductions in energy usage.
See also
Notes and references
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Further reading
- The End of Energy Obesity (book)
- [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267748678_Some_behavioral_aspects_of_energy_descent_How_a_biophysical_psychology_might_help_people_transition_through_the_lean_times_ahead De Young, R. (2014). Some behavioral aspects of energy descent: How a biophysical psychology might help people transition through the lean times ahead. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1255.]
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