Transition town

The term, "transition town" was coined by Louise Rooney{{Cite web|url=https://www.localplanet.ie/?option=com_content&task=view&id=191&Itemid=49|title=The Local Planet – Ireland's Journal for Sustainable Living}} and Catherine Dunne.

The transition model can be applied to different types of places where people live, such as villages, regions, islands and towns. The generic term is "transition initiative", which includes transition neighborhoods, communities, and cities, although "transition town" is in common usage.

File:Totnes High Street.jpg, Devon, England: a transition town]]

In 2004, permaculture designer Rob Hopkins set his students at Kinsale Further Education College the task of applying permaculture principles to the concept of peak oil. The output of this student project was the ‘Kinsale Energy Descent Action Plan'.{{cite web|title=Kinsale 2021 An Energy Descent Action Plan – Version.1. 2005|url=http://transitionculture.org/wp-content/uploads/KinsaleEnergyDescentActionPlan.pdf|publisher=Kinsale Further Education College|access-date=16 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316182454/http://transitionculture.org/wp-content/uploads/KinsaleEnergyDescentActionPlan.pdf|archive-date=16 March 2014}}

This looked at across-the-board creative adaptations in the realms of energy production, health, education, economy and agriculture as a "road map" to a sustainable future for the town. Two of his students, Louise Rooney and Catherine Dunne, developed the Transition towns concept. They then presented their ideas to Kinsale Town Council, to which the councilors decided to adopt the plan and work towards energy independence.{{Cite web|title=The Transition Movement is 10 years old {{!}} Transition Black Isle|url=https://www.transitionblackisle.org/news.asp?newsid=561|access-date=2020-10-20|website=www.transitionblackisle.org}}

Hopkins moved to his hometown of Totnes, England, where he and Naresh Giangrande developed these concepts into the transition model. In early 2006, Transition Town Totnes was founded and became the inspiration for the founding of other Transition initiatives.{{cite news|title=The Transition movement: Today Totnes... tomorrow the world|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/the-transition-movement-today-totnes-tomorrow-the-world-2364355.html|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=16 March 2014}}

File:Rob Hopkins, Transition Network.webm designer Rob Hopkins in conversation with Silver Donald Cameron about Transition Towns]]

In early 2007,{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxwWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104|title=Second Nature Urban Agriculture: Designing Productive Cities|last1=Viljoen|first1=André|last2=Bohn|first2=Katrin|date=2014-07-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-67451-1|pages=104|language=en}} the Transition Network UK charity was co-founded by permaculture educator Rob Hopkins, Peter Lipman and Ben Brangwyn. Totnes based, it was initiated to support the Transition initiatives emerging around the world. It trains and supports people involved with the initiatives as well as disseminating the concepts of transition towns.

In 2008, the number of communities involved in the project had increased with many localities in the process of becoming "official" Transition towns.{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/news/358524 |title=Money for climate project |date=10 April 2008 |work=The Nelson Mail |access-date=24 November 2011}} This was also the year that the Transition Handbook was published.

The initiative spread and by May 2010 there were over 400 community initiatives recognized as official Transition towns in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Italy and Chile. The term transition initiatives became common to reflect the range and type of communities involved – e.g. villages (Kinsale), neighbourhoods of cities (Portobello, Edinburgh), through council districts (Penwith) to cities and city boroughs (Brixton).{{cite web|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/initiatives|title=Transition Initiatives Directory|date=February 2018 }}{{cite web|title=About PEDAL|url=http://www.pedal-porty.org.uk/what-is-pedal/|publisher=Portobello Transition Town|access-date=16 March 2014}}

By September 2013, there were 1130 groups registered (462 Official, 654 Muller) in 43 countries.{{cite web|title=Transition Initiatives Directory|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/initiatives|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=16 March 2014}}

By May 2024 there were 992 groups registered and 21 hubs {{Cite web|url=https://transitiongroups.org/|title=Groups - Transition Hubs & Groups|date=1 February 2018|website=transitiongroups.org}}

Influences include permaculture{{Cite web|url=http://www.urbanitebaltimore.com/sub.cfm?ArticleID=1032&IssueID=64&SectionID=4|title=The Urbanite Magazine - KEYNOTE: POWER PLAY|date=2010-04-25|access-date=2019-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425042311/http://www.urbanitebaltimore.com/sub.cfm?ArticleID=1032&IssueID=64&SectionID=4|archive-date=25 April 2010}} concepts as described in Bill Mollison’s Permaculture, a Designers Manual (1988) and David Holmgren’s Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability (2003),{{cite web|title=Permaculture |url=http://www.transitiontownashland.org/Permaculture.html |publisher=Transition Town Ashland |access-date=16 March 2014 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204110334/http://www.transitiontownashland.org/Permaculture.html |archive-date=4 February 2013 }} as well as David Fleming's work on community, culture and resilience.[http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/700941/dr_david_fleming_a_tribute.html David Fleming obituary in The Ecologist], 21 December 2010{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2016-10-30|title=Earth Talk Video: The Late Dr. David Fleming – Community, Place and Play|website=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=736JyGTy2gc|access-date=2022-11-25|language=en}}

Each transition group has a high level of autonomy. However, to be called an official initiative certain criteria must be met. Additionally, there is nothing to stop an 'unofficial' initiative using ideas inspired by Transition towns. Further, there are various 'hubs' to coordinate work at a regional level.

The hubs and groups are represented on the Transition groups website

The Transition Network (TN) is a UK charity set up to support Transition initiatives. It has published books and films, trained people and facilitated networking. The TN's website contains a listing of the initiatives that have registered, some of which are officially recognised.

Some of the material has been translated and adapted to other languages/cultures, including Portuguese, Danish, German, Dutch, Spanish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese and Irish.

TN has run seven conferences: Nailsworth (2007), Royal Agriculture College, Cirencester (2008), Battersea Arts Centre (2009), Dame Hannah's at Seale Hayne (2010), Hope University, Liverpool (2011), Battersea Arts Centre (2012){{cite web|url=https://www.transitionnetwork.org/blogs/rob-hopkins/2012-09-19/write-2012-transition-network-conference-best-yet|title=A write-up of the 2012 Transition Network conference. The best yet. - Transition Network|date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024402/https://www.transitionnetwork.org/blogs/rob-hopkins/2012-09-19/write-2012-transition-network-conference-best-yet|archive-date=5 March 2016}} and Dame Hannah's at Seale Hayne (2015).{{cite web |url=https://www.transitionnetwork.org/blogs/rob-hopkins/2015-09/transition-network-conference-2015-write |title=Transition Network Conference 2015 - Write up | Transition Network |access-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024951/https://www.transitionnetwork.org/blogs/rob-hopkins/2015-09/transition-network-conference-2015-write |archive-date=2016-03-05 }}

A project called Transition Together{{Cite web|url=https://transitiontogether.org.uk/|title=Transition Together - Transition Together|date=13 September 2021|website=transitiontogether.org.uk}} exists to support groups within the UK. It receives funding from the National Lottery community fund {{cite web | url=https://www.tnlcommunityfund.org.uk/news/blog/2021-07-19/transition-network | title=Transition Network | the National Lottery Community Fund | date=19 July 2021 }}

Transition Together runs a social networking platform called Vive to support activity in the UK {{cite web | url=https://vive.transitiontogether.org.uk/dashboard | title=Dashboard }}

In the United States, transition initiatives have been started in many communities. Transition US is the national hub with a stated vision, "that every community in the United States will have engaged its collective creativity to unleash an extraordinary and historic transition to a future beyond fossil fuels; a future that is more vibrant, abundant and resilient; one that is ultimately preferable to the present".{{cite web|title=Our Story|url=http://transitionus.org/our-story|publisher=Transition US|access-date=1 May 2014|archive-date=29 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429001455/http://transitionus.org/our-story|url-status=dead}}

The stated aim of Transition US is to be a resource and "catalyst for building resilient communities across the United States that are able to withstand severe energy, climate, or economic shocks while creating a better quality of life in the process". They plan to accomplish this by "inspiring, encouraging, supporting, networking and training individuals and their communities as they consider, adopt, adapt, and implement the transition approach to community empowerment and change".{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://transitionus.org/about-us|publisher=Transition US|access-date=16 March 2014|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316182248/http://transitionus.org/about-us|url-status=dead}}

A large number of state sites have also been set up using the Ning social networking platform. These state sites, under the umbrella of a national Ning site, were set up to help facilitate, network, inform, monitor, and house regional and organizational transition initiatives. Thus, furthering the spread of the transition movement while networking related organizations, projects, ideas and activities.

Some projects use the TN's guide the '12 ingredients', or the 'revised ingredients', when setting up their group.{{cite web|title=12 Ingredients|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/support/12-ingredients|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=16 March 2014}}{{cite web|title=Ingredients|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/ingredients|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=16 March 2014}}

The Transition Network's (TN) stated aim is to promote awareness of sustainable living and building local ecological resilience.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/jun/15/transition-towns-way-forward|title=Local, self-sufficient, optimistic: are Transition Towns the way forward?|last=Flintoff|first=John-Paul|date=2013-06-15|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-08-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}

The Transition Handbook: From Oil Dependency to Local Resiliency by Rob Hopkins provides much of the framework behind the Transition Initiative and outlines ways for local Transition Towns to get involved.

{{Main|Sustainable transport}}

Communities are encouraged by The Transition Network to seek out methods for reducing energy usage as well as reducing their reliance on long supply chains that are totally dependent on fossil fuels for essential items{{cite book |last1=Mays |first1=Chris |last2=Rivers |first2=Nathaniel A. |last3=Sharp-Hoskins |first3=Kellie |title=Kenneth Burke + The Posthuman |date=25 October 2017 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0-271-08033-8 |pages=137–138 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJ2YEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |access-date=4 January 2023 |language=en}} (see environmental calculator).

According to The Transition food is a key area for transition, sometimes the slogan "Food feet, not food miles" is used. Initiatives so far have included creating community gardens or replacing ornamental tree plantings with fruit or nut trees to grow food.{{cite book|last1=Warhurst|first1=Pamela|last2=Dobson|first2=Joanna|title=Plant Veg, Grow a Revolution!|date=26 May 2014|publisher=Matador Publishing|isbn=978-1783064878|pages=200|url=https://www.amazon.com/Incredible-Plant-Veg-Grow-Revolution-ebook/dp/B00KLL9DUQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1467768036&sr=8-1&keywords=plant+veg%2C+dobson#nav-subnav}}

Business waste exchange seeks to match the waste of one industry with another industry that uses that waste material, sometimes referred to as industrial symbiosis. It is suggested that this process can help companies increase profitability by reducing raw material and waste disposal cost, reducing carbon emission, making their by-products a source of revenue to be bought by other business.{{Cite web|url=http://environment.yale.edu/yer/article/industrial-waste-account-to-boost-industrial-symbiosis#gsc.tab=0|title=Industrial waste account to boost industrial symbiosis {{!}} Yale Environment Review|website=environment.yale.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-05-03|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826000322/http://environment.yale.edu/yer/article/industrial-waste-account-to-boost-industrial-symbiosis#gsc.tab=0|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/what-industrial-symbiosis|title=What is industrial symbiosis? {{!}} WRAP UK|date=2013-03-15|website=wrap.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-05-19}}{{additional citation needed|date=May 2017|reason=Requires reference to link industrial symbiosis to Transition towns}} It also suggests that repairing old items rather than throwing them away should be considered.{{Cite web|title=Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: what does it mean?|url=https://www.ohiovalleywaste.com/ohio-valley-waste-news/reduce-reuse-recycle-what-does-it-mean-3049|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.ohiovalleywaste.com|language=en}}

The Transition Network proposes an alternative from business as usual, or from 'shocked/doomladen' reactions to peak oil and an end to unlimited economic growth.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090320104427/http://transitionculture.org/wp-content/uploads/who_we_are_high.pdf Who we are and what we do] by Rob Hopkins and Peter Lipman. Transition Network. February 2009. According to Southend-on-Sea in Transition,

::by shifting our mind-set we can actually recognise the coming post-cheap oil era as an opportunity rather than a threat, and design the future low carbon age to be thriving, resilient and abundant — somewhere much better to live than our current alienated consumer culture based on greed, war and the myth of perpetual growth."{{cite web|url=http://www.transitionwestcliff.org.uk/ |title=LIFE BEYOND OIL – THREAT OR OPPORTUNITY? |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818022056/http://www.transitionwestcliff.org.uk/ |archive-date=18 August 2013 }}

A theme of the Transition Network is acknowledging the emotional impact of changing to a low energy world. Some Transition Network groups have 'Heart and Soul' groups to look at this aspect.{{cite web|url=http://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/groups/inner-transition/|title=Inner Transition|publisher=Transition Town Totnes}}{{cite web|url=http://www.thedirt.org/node/3702 |title=Heart and Soul Transition PDX Working Group Meeting #3 - The Dirt! |date=14 November 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114044157/http://www.thedirt.org/node/3702 |archive-date=14 November 2010 }}

The psychological work reframed as inner {{Cite web|url=https://inner.transitionmovement.org/|title=Inner Transition|date=25 July 2024|website=Inner Transition}} continued through to 2024

{{See also|Energy descent}}

Transition towns aim to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and one way they do this is by developing a community Energy descent action plan (EDAP). As shown in the case of Totnes, the term "community" is broadly defined to include local people, local institutions, local agencies and the local council. Development of an EDAP requires the active engagement of local initiatives at a variety of levels.{{cite journal |last1=Connors |first1=Phil |last2=McDonald |first2=Peter |title=Transitioning communities: community, participation and the Transition Town movement |journal=Community Development Journal |date=2011 |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=558–572 |doi=10.1093/cdj/bsq014 |jstor=44258308 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44258308 |access-date=4 January 2023 |issn=0010-3802|url-access=subscription }} The first comprehensive plan was created for Totnes in 2010, entitled Transition in Action: Totnes & District 2030.

In France, where the movement is called Villes et Territoires en Transition, the Association négaWatt provides a theoretical support to the transition movement.

{{see also|List of community currencies in the United Kingdom}}

After the 2008 financial crisis, the Transition Network added financial instability as further threat to local communities (alongside peak oil and climate change). It suggested a number of strategies could help, including fiscal localism and local food production.{{Cite web|url=https://www.redpepper.org.uk/transitioning-the-financial-crisis/|title=Transitioning the financial crisis|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-05}} Further, it saw the creation of local complementary currencies as reinforcing moves toward sustainable low carbon economies as well as being socially beneficial.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERFBlgEACAAJ|title=The Necessary Transition: The Journey Towards the Sustainable Enterprise Economy|last=McIntosh|first=Malcolm|date=2013|publisher=Greenleaf Publishing|isbn=978-1-906093-89-1|pages=221|language=en}} Additionally, Hopkins also wrote that the movement does have an understanding of global economics and is critical of its systemic problems such as being "growth-based".{{Cite web|url=https://www.transitionculture.org/2008/05/15/the-rocky-road-to-a-real-transition-by-paul-chatterton-and-alice-cutler-a-review/|title="The Rocky Road to a Real Transition": A Review. » Transition Culture|last=Hopkins|first=Rob|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05}}

Some transition towns have been involved in launching local currencies including the Totnes pound, the Lewes pound, the Stroud pound and the Brixton pound.

To help further these aims the Transition Network setup the REconomy Project, circa 2012.{{cite web|url=http://reconomy.org/finally-its-here-the-reconomy-website-goes-live/|title=Finally! It's here! The REconomy website goes live! - REconomy|date=29 May 2012|website=reconomy.org}}

Launched in 2007, the Totnes pound, which was redeemable in local shops and businesses, helped to reduce food miles while also supporting local firms.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/devon/6692755.stm |title=Town poised for its own currency |author=Morris, Jonathan |date=4 June 2007 |work=BBC News |access-date=24 November 2011}}

In 2008, the idea was also considered by three Welsh transition towns, including Cardiff.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_west/7326212.stm |title=Towns banking their own currency |date=2 April 2008 |work=BBC News |access-date=24 November 2011}}

The Stroud pound and Totnes pound became defunct in 2013 and 2019 respectively. As of November 2019, the Lewes pound and Brixton pound are active.

Transition towns have been featured in the plot line of the long-running BBC Radio 4 series The Archers. This is an example of mainstream media attention the movement received a few years after being founded.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/archers/backstage/transition.shtml |title=BBC - Radio 4 - Archers - The Archers - Transition Ambridge |date=30 December 2008 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230203017/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/archers/backstage/transition.shtml |archive-date=30 December 2008 }}

The transition movement featured in the 2015 film Demain {{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/tomorrow-demain-film-review-848309/ | title='Tomorrow' ('Demain'): Film Review | website=The Hollywood Reporter | date=15 December 2015 }}

A number of books have been published on specific topics, including: how communities can develop their Transition town initiative. Unless stated, the following books were published as a collaboration between Green Books and the Transition Network (under the label Transition Books):

• The Transition Handbook: from oil dependency to local resilience (2008) – by Rob Hopkins
• The Transition Timeline: for a local, resilient future (2009) – by Shaun Chamberlin{{Cite web|url=http://www.darkoptimism.org/books/|title=Books}}
• Local Food: how to make it happen in your community (2009) – by Tamzin Pinkerton and Rob Hopkins{{cite web|title=Local Food: how to make it happen in your community|url=http://www.greenbooks.co.uk/Book/132/Local-Food.html|publisher=Green Books|access-date=3 May 2014|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207132102/http://www.greenbooks.co.uk/Book/132/Local-Food.html|url-status=dead}}
• Local Money: how to make it happen in your community (2010) – by Peter North{{cite web|title=Local Money How to Make it Happen in Your Community|url=http://www.greenbooks.co.uk/Book/133/Local-Money.html|publisher=Green Books|access-date=3 May 2014|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709153101/http://www.greenbooks.co.uk/Book/133/Local-Money.html|url-status=dead}}
• Local Sustainable Homes: how to make them happen in your community (2010) – by Chris Bird
• Communities, Councils and a Low Carbon Future What We Can Do If Governments Won't (2010) – by Alexis Rowell
• Transition in Action: Totnes & District 2030 – an EDAP (2010) Transition Town Totnes – (scripted) by Jacqi Hodgson with Rob Hopkins
• The Transition Companion: making your community more resilient in uncertain times (2011) – by Rob Hopkins
• The Power of Just Doing Stuff (2013) – by Rob Hopkins

In 2008, the Transition Handbook was the joint 5th most popular book taken on holiday during the summer recess by the UK parliamentary MPs.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/may/31/reform-transition-a-new-politics|title=Beyond Westminster's bankrupted practices, a new idealism is emerging, 31 May 2009|author=Madeleine Bunting|work=The Guardian|date=31 May 2009 }}

Two films have been created by the movement about the movement. They document the progress of various initiatives:

• In Transition 1.0 (2009)
• In Transition 2.0 (2012) Emma Goude (Director), Transition Network and Green Lane Films (Production)

In 2008, the Trapese Collective published a critique called The Rocky Road to a Real Transition to which Hopkins replied. The debate was partly about how social change is brought about.{{Cite web|url=http://trapese.clearerchannel.org/resources/rocky-road-a5-web.pdf|title=The Rocky Road to Transition|year=2008|publisher=Trapese Collective|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208012824/http://trapese.clearerchannel.org/resources/rocky-road-a5-web.pdf|url-status=dead}}

A number of academic papers have been published looking at the concept's progress:

• {{Cite journal |last1=Scott Cato |first1=Molly |last2=Hillier |first2=Jean |date=2010 |title=How Could We Study Climate-Related Social Innovation? Applying Deleuzean Philosophy to the Transition Towns |journal=Environmental Politics |language=en |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=869–887 |doi=10.1080/09644016.2010.518677|bibcode=2010EnvPo..19..869S }}
• {{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=James N. |last2=Hopkins |first2=Rob |last3=Pencheon |first3=David |date=2017-12-01 |title=Could the Transition movement help solve the NHS's problems? |journal=Journal of Public Health |language=en |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=841–845 |doi=10.1093/pubmed/fdw129 |pmid=27915260 |issn=1741-3842 |doi-access=free}}

{{div col|colwidth=16em}}

• Carfree city
• Circles of Sustainability
• Climate change
• Community currencies
• Degrowth
• Demographic transition
• Electric vehicle
• Energy descent
• Fairtrade Town
• Food swap
• Great Transition
• New Economy movement
• Peak oil
• Petitions{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/petitions|title=Public Petitions|website=Glasgow City Council}}
• Permaculture
• Renewable electricity
• Solidarity economy
• Sustainable city
• Transition management (governance)
• Transition economy
• Urban vitality

{{div col end}}

• Surviving the Future
• Power Down
• Winning the Oil Endgame

• Green Drinks
• Open Source Ecology
• New Economics Foundation
• New Economy Coalition

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

{{cite web|title=About Transition Network|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/about|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=16 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404160547/https://www.transitionnetwork.org/about|archive-date=4 April 2014}}

{{Cite web|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/books|title=Books}}

{{cite web|title=Transition Initiatives Directory|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/initiatives|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=1 November 2010}}

{{cite web|title=Energy Descent Action Plan (EDAP)|url=http://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/groups/building-and-housing/energy-descent-action-plan/|publisher=Transition Town Totnes|access-date=6 March 2015|archive-date=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110151946/https://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/groups/building-and-housing/energy-descent-action-plan/|url-status=dead}}

{{cite web|title=In Transition 2.0 (2 February 2012)|date=2 February 2012 |url=https://archive.org/details/transitionmovie2|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=6 March 2015}}

{{cite web|title=The Transition Handbook|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/support/publications/transition-handbook|publisher=Green Books|access-date=1 May 2014}}

{{cite web|title=Communities, Councils and a Low Carbon Future What We Can Do If Governments Won't|url=http://www.greenbooks.co.uk/Book/37/Communities-Councils-and-a-Low-Carbon-Future.html|access-date=3 May 2014}}

{{cite web|title=Translations|url=http://www.transitionnetwork.org/support/translations|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=1 May 2014}}

{{cite web|title=La notion de negaWatt|url=http://www.ecoquartier-strasbourg.net/index.php/transition/energie/173-la-notion-de-negawatt.html|publisher=ecoquartier-strasbourg.net|access-date=6 March 2015}}

{{cite news|title=Pioneering Welsh town begins the transition to a life without oil|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/apr/07/communities.oilandpetrol|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=16 March 2014}}

{{cite web|url=https://www.transitionnetwork.org/support/what-transition-initiative|title=What is a Transition Initiative? - Transition Network|date=7 July 2016 }}

{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/jun/15/transition-towns-way-forward|title=Local, self-sufficient, optimistic: are Transition Towns the way forward?|first=John-Paul|last=Flintoff|website=TheGuardian.com |date=15 June 2013}}

{{cite web|title=International Hubs Circle|date=28 July 2016 |url=https://transitionnetwork.org/about-the-movement/international-hubs-circle/|publisher=Transition Network|access-date=10 July 2021}}

}}

• [http://transitionnetwork.org Transition Network]
• [http://transitionus.org Transition United States]
• [http://www.reconomy.org/ REconomy Project]

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