Environmental Performance Index

{{Short description|Climate Index}}

File:Environmental Performance Index, 2024.png

The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a method of quantifying and numerically marking the environmental performance of a state's policies, highlightning the degradation of the planet's life-supporting systems on which humanity depends. A world economy that continues to rely heavily on fossil fuels translates into ongoing air and water pollution, acidification of the oceans, and rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These changes threaten the survival of species already suffering from widespread habitat loss, pushing them closer to extinction. Recent analyses show that humanity has already transgressed six out of nine critical planetary boundaries that define Earth's safe operating space — and is close to crossing a seventh.

The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) was started in 2002 by World Economic Forum in association with the Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy (Yale University) and Center for International Earth Science Information Network Earth Institute (Columbia University). The biennial EPI report harnesses the latest data sets, science, and technology to provide the most comprehensive assessment of the state of sustainability around the world. In total, the 2024 EPI report incorporates 58 indicators to rank 180 countries on their progress at mitigating climate change, safeguarding ecosystem vitality, and promoting environmental health. This broad set of metrics is a powerful tool to track progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the climate mitigation targets in the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement, and the biodiversity protection goals in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.{{cite web |author= |year=2024 |title=2024 Environmental Performance Index |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy & Center for International Earth Science Information Network Earth Institute, Columbia University |website=epi.yale.edu |url=https://epi.yale.edu/ |date=2024-10-03 |access-date=2024-10-24}}

In 2023, the first global assessment of progress toward the goals of the Paris Agreement revealed a grim picture: the world is far off track. Despite record deployment of renewable energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions keep rising. As the world enters uncharted climatic territory, there is a heightened risk of crossing irreversible tipping points in the planet's climate system.

Methodology

File:Environmental Performance Index Framework, 2024.png

Over time, the methodology for the EPI has been criticized for its arbitrary choice of metrics which could introduce bias, and its poor performance as an indicator for environmental sustainability.{{cite journal |last1=Kanmani |first1=Aiyshwariya |last2=Obringer |first2=Renee |last3=Rachunok |first3=Benjamin |last4=Nateghi |first4=Roshanak |title=Assessing Global Environmental Sustainability Via an Unsupervised Clustering Framework |journal=Sustainability |date=2020-01-11 |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=563 |doi=10.3390/su12020563 |url=https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/fund/4 |access-date=2024-10-24 |doi-access=free}} Additional criticisms center on the EPI's lack of specific policy suggestions, and the index's weighting biases against data deficient countries that has led to the overlooking of ecological progress in developing countries.

In 2024, India was ranked at 176 in the list and rejected the low ranking. As per a statement issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), it claimed that several indicators used in the calculation were based on unfounded assumptions and unscientific methods.{{cite news |last1=Banerjee |first1=Ankush |title=What Happened to Green India? Ranked Lowest as per Environmental Performance Index, India Disputes Methodology |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/sustainability/news/sci-simplified-what-happened-to-green-india-ranked-lowest-as-per-environmental-performance-index-india-disputes-methodology/articleshow/92564174.cms |work=Business Insider |access-date=2024-10-24}}{{cite news |title=India's lagging sustainability performance |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/indias-lagging-sustainability-performance-101656338200590.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=2022-06-27 |language=en |access-date=2024-10-24}}{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Esha |title=Explained: What is the environment index, and why has India questioned it? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/environment-index-and-india-7963597/ |work=The Indian Express |date=2022-06-11 |language=en |access-date=2024-10-24}}

The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe found 3 Pros: EPI provides an easily comparable index; EPI's ecosystem vitality scores are based on six constituent policy categories: water resources, agriculture, forests, fisheries, biodiversity and habitat, and climate and energy; the referenced database yields maps for each of EPI's partial indices (normalised {{nowrap|to 0 … 100}}) and 3 Cons: CIESIN's EPI rather is an attempt to quantitatively represent the ecological performance of countries and companies; actual reasons for dysfunctionalities might need further research; EPI would be a more policy-relevant index.{{cite web |author= |year= |title=Environmental performance index EPI. Pros & Cons |location= |publisher=United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |website=unece.org |url=https://unece.org/environmental-performance-index-epi |date= |access-date=2024-10-24}}

As a result of these criticisms, the number of EPI indicators has increased, and their weight has changed, to provide a better data-driven summary of the state of sustainability around the world. The 2024 index is based on 58 performance indicators grouped into 30 issue categories with an objective of environmental health, ecosystem vitality and climate change, ranking 180 countries.

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class="mw-datatable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
+ 2024 EPI indicators and weights (%)

! Policy Objective

Wt. (%)Issue CategoryWt. (%)IndicatorWt. (%)
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| style="background-color:#b8ffb8;" rowspan="34" | Ecosystem Vitality

style="background-color:#b8ffb8; text-align:center;" rowspan="34" | 45%rowspan="12" | Biodiversity & Habitatrowspan="12" style="text-align:center;" | 25Marine KBA Protectionstyle="text-align:right;" | 12.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Marine Habitat Protection

style="text-align:right;" | 12.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Marine Protection Stringency

style="text-align:right;" | 2.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Protected Areas Representativeness Index

style="text-align:right;" | 12.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Species Protection Index

style="text-align:right;" | 16.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Terrestrial Biome Protection

style="text-align:right;" | 10.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Terrestrial KBA Protection

style="text-align:right;" | 10.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Protected Area Effectiveness

style="text-align:right;" | 2.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Protected Human Land

style="text-align:right;" | 2.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Red List Index

style="text-align:right;" | 12.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Species Habitat Index

style="text-align:right;" | 8.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience

style="text-align:right;" | 2.0
rowspan="5" | Forestsrowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | 5Primary Forest Lossstyle="text-align:right;" | 30.0
Intact Forest Landscape Lossstyle="text-align:right;" | 30.0
Tree cover loss weighted by permanencystyle="text-align:right;" | 25.0
Net change in tree coverstyle="text-align:right;" | 10.0
Forest Landscape Integritystyle="text-align:right;" | 5.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| rowspan="5" | Fisheries

style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5" | 2Fish Stock Statusstyle="text-align:right;" | 15.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Fish Catch Discarded

style="text-align:right;" | 20.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Bottom Trawling in EEZ

style="text-align:right;" | 25.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Bottom Trawling in Global Ocean

style="text-align:right;" | 35.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Regional Marine Trophic Index

style="text-align:right;" | 5.0
rowspan="4" | Air Pollutionstyle="text-align:center;" rowspan="4" | 6Ozone exposure KBAsstyle="text-align:right;" | 8.3
Ozone exposure croplandsstyle="text-align:right;" | 8.3
Adj. emissions growth rate for nitrous oxidesstyle="text-align:right;" | 41.7
Adj. emissions growth rate for sulfur dioxidestyle="text-align:right;" | 41.7
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| rowspan="4" | Agriculture

style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4" | 3Sustainable Nitrogen Management Indexstyle="text-align:right;" | 40.0
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Phosphorus Surplus

style="text-align:right;" | 3.3
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Pesticide Pollution Risk

style="text-align:right;" | 16.7
style="background-color:#e0ffe0;"

| Relative Crop Yield

style="text-align:right;" | 40.0
rowspan="4" | Water Resourcesstyle="text-align:center;" rowspan="4" | 5Wastewater generatedstyle="text-align:right;" | 10.0
Wastewater collectedstyle="text-align:right;" | 40.0
Wastewater treatedstyle="text-align:right;" | 40.0
Wastewater reusedstyle="text-align:right;" | 10.0
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| style="background-color:#b8b8ff;" rowspan="13" | Environmental Health

style="background-color:#b8b8ff; text-align:center;" rowspan="13" | 25%rowspan="7" | Air Qualitystyle="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" | 17Anthropogenic PM2.5 exposurestyle="text-align:right;" | 38.2
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| Household solid fuels

style="text-align:right;" | 38.2
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| Ozone exposure

style="text-align:right;" | 8.8
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| NOx exposure

style="text-align:right;" | 5.9
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| SO2 exposure

style="text-align:right;" | 2.9
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| CO exposure

style="text-align:right;" | 2.9
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| VOC exposure

style="text-align:right;" | 2.9
rowspan="2" | Sanitation & Drinking Waterstyle="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | 5Unsafe sanitationstyle="text-align:right;" | 40.0
Unsafe drinking waterstyle="text-align:right;" | 60.0
style="background-color:#e0e0ff;"

| Heavy Metals

style="text-align:center;" | 2Lead exposurestyle="text-align:right;" | 100.0
rowspan="3" | Waste Managementstyle="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" | 1Waste generated per capitastyle="text-align:right;" | 40.0
Controlled solid wastestyle="text-align:right;" | 20.0
Waste recovery ratestyle="text-align:right;" | 40.0
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| style="background-color:#ffe6b8;" rowspan="11" | Climate Change

style="background-color:#ffe6b8; text-align:center;" rowspan="11" | 30%rowspan="11" | Climate Change Mitigationrowspan="11" style="text-align:center;" | 30Adjusted emissions growth rate for carbon dioxidestyle="text-align:right;" | 25.0
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| CO2 growth rate (country- specific targets)

style="text-align:right;" | 1.7
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| Adjusted emissions growth rate for methane

style="text-align:right;" | 10.0
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| Adjusted emissions growth rate for F-gases

style="text-align:right;" | 6.7
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| Adjusted emissions growth rate for nitrous oxide

style="text-align:right;" | 3.3
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| Adjusted emissions growth rate for black carbon

style="text-align:right;" | 5.0
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| Net carbon fluxes due to land cover change

style="text-align:right;" | 3.3
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| GHG growth rate adjusted by emissions intensity

style="text-align:right;" | 20.0
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| GHG growth rate adjusted by per capita emissions

style="text-align:right;" | 20.0
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| Projected emissions in 2050

style="text-align:right;" | 3.3
style="background-color:#fff4e0;"

| Projected cumulative emissions to 2050 relative to carbon budget

style="text-align:right;" | 1.7
class="sortbottom static-row-header" style="background-color:#ececec; text-align:left; font-style:italic; font-size:small;"

| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | {{notelist}} Note: Wt. (%) is percent weights of overall EPI. Weights are rounded and may not add up to 100%.{{cite web |author=Block, S.; Emerson, J.W.; Esty, D.C.; de Sherbinin, A.; Wendling, Z.A. |display-authors=et al. |year=2024 |title=2024 Environmental Performance Index. Technical Appendix |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy |website=epi.yale.edu |url=https://epi.yale.edu/downloads/2024-epi-technical-appendix.pdf |date=2024-10-03 |access-date=2024-10-24}}{{cite web |title=2024 Weights |format=CSV |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy |website=epi.yale.edu |url=https://epi.yale.edu/downloads/epi2024weights.csv |access-date=2024-10-24}}

List of countries by 2024 EPI scores

The 2024 Environmental Performance Index report ranks 180 countries and territories, based on 58 performance indicators grouped into 30 issue categories. The top five countries are Estonia, Luxembourg, Germany, Finland and the United Kingdom, while the last ones are India, Myanmar, Laos, Pakistan and Vietnam.{{cite web |author=Block, S.; Emerson, J.W.; Esty, D.C.; de Sherbinin, A.; Wendling, Z.A. |display-authors=et al. |year=2024 |title=2024 Environmental Performance Index |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy |website=epi.yale.edu |url=https://epi.yale.edu/downloads/2024epireport.pdf |date=2024-10-03 |access-date=2024-10-24}} Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

{{sticky header}} {{mw-datatable}} {{Static row numbers}} {{sort under}}

class="mw-datatable wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi static-row-numbers sort-under" style="text-align:right;"
+

! data-sort-style="text" | Country

Regiondata-sort-style="number" | Valuedata-sort-style="number" | Trenddata-sort-style="number" | Rank 2024
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Afghanistan" | {{AFG}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:31.0}}data-sort-value="128" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:12.8}}144
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Angola" | {{AGO}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:40.1}}data-sort-value="82" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:8.2}}106
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Albania" | {{ALB}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:52.2}}data-sort-value="61" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.1}}47
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="United Arab Emirates" | {{ARE}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:51.6}}data-sort-value="91" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:9.1}}48
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Argentina" | {{ARG}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:47.0}}data-sort-value="11" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.1}}70
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Armenia" | {{ARM}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:44.9}}data-sort-value="20" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.0}}80
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Antigua and Barbuda" | {{ATG}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:55.6}}data-sort-value="12" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.2}}37
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Australia" | {{AUS}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:63.1}}data-sort-value="42" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.2}}22
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Austria" | {{AUT}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:68.9}}data-sort-value="1" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.1}}8
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Azerbaijan" | {{AZE}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:40.5}}data-sort-value="-3" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.3}}103
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Burundi" | {{BDI}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:33.5}}data-sort-value="-13" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.3}}138
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Belgium" | {{BEL}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:66.8}}data-sort-value="49" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.9}}14
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Benin" | {{BEN}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:37.8}}data-sort-value="-3" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.3}}119
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Burkina Faso" | {{BFA}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:42.2}}data-sort-value="1" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.1}}95
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bangladesh" | {{BGD}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:28.1}}data-sort-value="23" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.3}}148
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bulgaria" | {{BGR}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:56.2}}data-sort-value="-12" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.2}}35
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bahrain" | {{BHR}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:35.3}}data-sort-value="-14" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.4}}131
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bahamas. The" | {{BHS}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:55.9}}data-sort-value="16" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.6}}36
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bosnia and Herzegovina" | {{BIH}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:46.0}}data-sort-value="33" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.3}}75
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Belarus" | {{BLR}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:58.2}}data-sort-value="87" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:8.7}}31
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Belize" | {{BLZ}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:47.4}}data-sort-value="9" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.9}}67
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bolivia" | {{BOL}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:45.3}}data-sort-value="34" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.4}}78
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Brazil" | {{BRA}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:53.0}}data-sort-value="67" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.7}}44
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Barbados" | {{BRB}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:53.1}}data-sort-value="26" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.6}}43
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Brunei Darussalam" | {{BRN}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:48.3}}data-sort-value="-31" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.1}}62
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Bhutan" | {{BTN}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:43.3}}data-sort-value="68" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.8}}89
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Botswana" | {{BWA}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:49.2}}data-sort-value="-18" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.8}}59
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Central African Republic" | {{CAF}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:39.0}}data-sort-value="-51" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-5.1}}111
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Canada" | {{CAN}}style="text-align:left;" | North America {{formatnum:61.1}}data-sort-value="35" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.5}}27
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Switzerland" | {{CHE}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:67.8}}data-sort-value="23" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.3}}9
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Chile" | {{CHL}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:49.6}}data-sort-value="30" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.0}}57
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="China" | {{CHN}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:35.4}}data-sort-value="56" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.6}}130
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Côte d'Ivoire" | {{CIV}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:42.9}}data-sort-value="78" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.8}}90
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Cameroon" | {{CMR}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:38.6}}data-sort-value="22" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.2}}114
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Congo, Dem. Rep." | {{COD}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:39.5}}data-sort-value="60" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.0}}109
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Congo, Rep." | {{COG}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:41.6}}data-sort-value="9" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.9}}99
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Colombia" | {{COL}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:49.7}}data-sort-value="44" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.4}}56
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Comoros" | {{COM}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:38.2}}data-sort-value="-59" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-5.9}}115
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Cabo Verde" | {{CPV}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:38.0}}data-sort-value="-18" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.8}}117
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Costa Rica" | {{CRI}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:55.5}}data-sort-value="2" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.2}}38
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Cuba" | {{CUB}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:52.5}}data-sort-value="25" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.5}}46
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Cyprus" | {{CYP}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:53.9}}data-sort-value="-2" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.2}}41
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Czechia" | {{CZE}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:65.5}}data-sort-value="4" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.4}}16
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Germany" | {{DEU}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:74.5}}data-sort-value="43" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.3}}3
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Djibouti" | {{DJI}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:32.3}}data-sort-value="2" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.2}}141
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Dominica" | {{DMA}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:49.3}}data-sort-value="-2" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.2}}58
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Denmark" | {{DNK}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:67.7}}data-sort-value="-3" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.3}}10
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Dominican Republic" | {{DOM}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:47.7}}data-sort-value="-11" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.1}}66
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Algeria" | {{DZA}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:41.7}}data-sort-value="32" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.2}}98
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Ecuador" | {{ECU}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:51.3}}data-sort-value="70" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.0}}49
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Egypt, Arab Rep." | {{EGY}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:43.7}}data-sort-value="35" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.5}}87
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Eritrea" | {{ERI}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:29.0}}data-sort-value="-3" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.3}}147
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Spain" | {{ESP}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:64.0}}data-sort-value="22" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.2}}21
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Estonia" | {{EST}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:75.7}}data-sort-value="149" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:14.9}}1
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Ethiopia" | {{ETH}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:36.3}}data-sort-value="38" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.8}}125
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Finland" | {{FIN}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:73.8}}data-sort-value="31" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.1}}4
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Fiji" | {{FJI}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:46.0}}data-sort-value="-24" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-2.4}}75
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="France" | {{FRA}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:67.0}}data-sort-value="16" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.6}}12
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Micronesia, Fed. Sts." | {{FSM}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:40.8}}data-sort-value="3" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.3}}101
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Gabon" | {{GAB}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:53.3}}data-sort-value="73" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.3}}42
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="United Kingdom" | {{GBR}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:72.6}}data-sort-value="13" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.3}}5
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Georgia" | {{GEO}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:47.3}}data-sort-value="62" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.2}}68
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Ghana" | {{GHA}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:36.9}}data-sort-value="18" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.8}}122
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Guinea" | {{GIN}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:36.5}}data-sort-value="-29" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-2.9}}123
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Gambia, The" | {{GMB}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:37.6}}data-sort-value="6" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.6}}120
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Guinea-Bissau" | {{GNB}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:42.0}}data-sort-value="-5" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.5}}96
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Equatorial Guinea" | {{GNQ}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:41.7}}data-sort-value="-33" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.3}}98
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Greece" | {{GRC}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:67.3}}data-sort-value="89" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:8.9}}11
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Grenada" | {{GRD}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:45.8}}data-sort-value="4" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.4}}76
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Guatemala" | {{GTM}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:32.5}}data-sort-value="-28" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-2.8}}140
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Guyana" | {{GUY}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:49.0}}data-sort-value="23" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.3}}60
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Honduras" | {{HND}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:40.2}}data-sort-value="29" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.9}}105
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Croatia" | {{HRV}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:62.3}}data-sort-value="49" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.9}}24
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Haiti" | {{HTI}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:36.4}}data-sort-value="77" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.7}}124
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Hungary" | {{HUN}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:59.8}}data-sort-value="-13" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.3}}30
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Indonesia" | {{IDN}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:33.6}}data-sort-value="58" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.8}}137
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="India" | {{IND}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:27.6}}data-sort-value="42" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.2}}149
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Ireland" | {{IRL}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:65.8}}data-sort-value="28" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.8}}15
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Iran, Islamic Rep." | {{IRN}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:41.8}}data-sort-value="0" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.0}}97
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Iraq" | {{IRQ}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:30.3}}data-sort-value="64" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.4}}145
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Iceland" | {{ISL}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:64.3}}data-sort-value="25" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.5}}18
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Israel" | {{ISR}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:48.0}}data-sort-value="6" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.6}}63
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Italy" | {{ITA}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:60.3}}data-sort-value="48" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.8}}28
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Jamaica" | {{JAM}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:48.5}}data-sort-value="10" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.0}}61
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Jordan" | {{JOR}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:47.3}}data-sort-value="101" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:10.1}}68
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Japan" | {{JPN}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:61.4}}data-sort-value="42" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.2}}26
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Kazakhstan" | {{KAZ}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:47.8}}data-sort-value="40" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.0}}65
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Kenya" | {{KEN}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:36.9}}data-sort-value="-2" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.2}}122
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Kyrgyz Republic" | {{KGZ}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:42.8}}data-sort-value="130" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:13.0}}91
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Cambodia" | {{KHM}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:31.2}}data-sort-value="0" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.0}}143
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Kiribati" | {{KIR}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:44.3}}data-sort-value="-11" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.1}}82
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Korea. Rep." | {{KOR}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:50.6}}data-sort-value="49" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.9}}51
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Kuwait" | {{KWT}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:44.4}}data-sort-value="-18" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.8}}81
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Lao PDR" | {{LAO}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:26.3}}data-sort-value="20" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.0}}151
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Lebanon" | {{LBN}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:39.9}}data-sort-value="79" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.9}}108
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Liberia" | {{LBR}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:34.3}}data-sort-value="13" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.3}}135
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="St. Lucia" | {{LCA}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:51.1}}data-sort-value="21" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.1}}50
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Sri Lanka" | {{LKA}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:38.8}}data-sort-value="18" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.8}}112
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Lesotho" | {{LSO}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:36.9}}data-sort-value="1" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.1}}122
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Lithuania" | {{LTU}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:64.1}}data-sort-value="46" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.6}}20
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Luxembourg" | {{LUX}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:75.1}}data-sort-value="34" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.4}}2
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Latvia" | {{LVA}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:60.2}}data-sort-value="12" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.2}}29
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Morocco" | {{MAR}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:39.5}}data-sort-value="26" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.6}}109
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Moldova" | {{MDA}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:46.1}}data-sort-value="28" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.8}}74
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Madagascar" | {{MDG}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:30.1}}data-sort-value="8" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.8}}146
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Maldives" | {{MDV}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:38.1}}data-sort-value="28" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.8}}116
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Mexico" | {{MEX}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:44.2}}data-sort-value="22" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.2}}83
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Marshall Islands" | {{MHL}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:42.5}}data-sort-value="8" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.8}}94
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="North Macedonia" | {{MKD}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:50.3}}data-sort-value="12" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.2}}52
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Mali" | {{MLI}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:34.5}}data-sort-value="-33" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.3}}134
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Malta" | {{MLT}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:66.9}}data-sort-value="47" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.7}}13
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Myanmar" | {{MMR}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:27.1}}data-sort-value="-14" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.4}}150
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Montenegro" | {{MNE}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:47.7}}data-sort-value="-5" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.5}}66
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Mongolia" | {{MNG}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:37.2}}data-sort-value="54" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.4}}121
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Mozambique" | {{MOZ}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:39.0}}data-sort-value="52" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.2}}111
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Mauritania" | {{MRT}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:34.6}}data-sort-value="-35" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.5}}133
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Mauritius" | {{MUS}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:47.3}}data-sort-value="29" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.9}}68
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Malawi" | {{MWI}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:35.1}}data-sort-value="-67" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-6.7}}132
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Malaysia" | {{MYS}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:41.0}}data-sort-value="73" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.3}}100
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Namibia" | {{NAM}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:44.0}}data-sort-value="-1" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.1}}85
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Niger" | {{NER}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:40.0}}data-sort-value="73" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.3}}107
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Nigeria" | {{NGA}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:37.9}}data-sort-value="47" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.7}}118
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Nicaragua" | {{NIC}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:47.4}}data-sort-value="12" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.2}}67
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Netherlands" | {{NLD}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:66.9}}data-sort-value="44" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.4}}13
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Norway" | {{NOR}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:69.9}}data-sort-value="33" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.3}}7
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Nepal" | {{NPL}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:33.1}}data-sort-value="7" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.7}}139
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="New Zealand" | {{NZL}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:57.3}}data-sort-value="11" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.1}}32
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Oman" | {{OMN}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:51.3}}data-sort-value="129" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:12.9}}49
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Pakistan" | {{PAK}}style="text-align:left;" | South Asia {{formatnum:25.5}}data-sort-value="-40" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-4.0}}152
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Panama" | {{PAN}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:52.9}}data-sort-value="52" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.2}}45
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Peru" | {{PER}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:46.5}}data-sort-value="39" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.9}}73
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Philippines" | {{PHL}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:32.1}}data-sort-value="4" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.4}}142
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Papua New Guinea" | {{PNG}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:36.9}}data-sort-value="-36" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.6}}122
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Poland" | {{POL}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:64.2}}data-sort-value="18" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.8}}19
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Portugal" | {{PRT}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:61.9}}data-sort-value="41" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.1}}25
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Paraguay" | {{PRY}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:39.5}}data-sort-value="7" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.7}}109
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Qatar" | {{QAT}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:46.8}}data-sort-value="56" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.6}}71
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Romania" | {{ROU}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:57.3}}data-sort-value="-31" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.1}}32
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Russian Federation" | {{RUS}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:46.7}}data-sort-value="-1" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.1}}72
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Rwanda" | {{RWA}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:33.9}}data-sort-value="-3" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.3}}136
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Saudi Arabia" | {{SAU}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:42.5}}data-sort-value="95" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:9.5}}94
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Sudan" | {{SDN}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:39.1}}data-sort-value="39" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.9}}110
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Senegal" | {{SEN}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:43.8}}data-sort-value="48" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.8}}86
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Singapore" | {{SGP}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:53.0}}data-sort-value="65" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.5}}44
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Solomon Islands" | {{SLB}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:42.2}}data-sort-value="16" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.6}}95
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Sierra Leone" | {{SLE}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:39.9}}data-sort-value="53" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.3}}108
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="El Salvador" | {{SLV}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:41.6}}data-sort-value="-44" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-4.4}}99
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Serbia" | {{SRB}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:49.8}}data-sort-value="-56" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-5.6}}55
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="São Tomé and Príncipe" | {{STP}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:36.2}}data-sort-value="18" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.8}}126
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Suriname" | {{SUR}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:56.9}}data-sort-value="86" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:8.6}}34
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Slovak Republic" | {{SVK}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:65.1}}data-sort-value="-16" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.6}}17
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Slovenia" | {{SVN}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:62.4}}data-sort-value="0" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.0}}23
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Sweden" | {{SWE}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:70.3}}data-sort-value="2" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.2}}6
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Eswatini" | {{SWZ}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:38.7}}data-sort-value="-24" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-2.4}}113
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Seychelles" | {{SYC}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:47.9}}data-sort-value="-39" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.9}}64
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Chad" | {{TCD}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:35.9}}data-sort-value="20" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:2.0}}127
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Togo" | {{TGO}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:35.7}}data-sort-value="-11" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.1}}129
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Thailand" | {{THA}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:45.7}}data-sort-value="45" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.5}}77
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Tajikistan" | {{TJK}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:32.3}}data-sort-value="-42" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-4.2}}141
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Turkmenistan" | {{TKM}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:40.6}}data-sort-value="49" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.9}}102
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Timor-Leste" | {{TLS}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:49.9}}data-sort-value="96" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:9.6}}54
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Tonga" | {{TON}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:40.4}}data-sort-value="-73" | {{nowrap|{{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-7.3}}}}104
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Trinidad and Tobago" | {{TTO}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:52.5}}data-sort-value="10" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.0}}46
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Tunisia" | {{TUN}}style="text-align:left;" | Middle East & North Africa {{formatnum:45.3}}data-sort-value="5" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.5}}78
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Taiwan, China" | {{TWN}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:50.1}}data-sort-value="-1" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-0.1}}53
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Tanzania" | {{TZA}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:43.6}}data-sort-value="56" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:5.6}}88
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Uganda" | {{UGA}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:35.8}}data-sort-value="42" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.2}}128
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Ukraine" | {{UKR}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:54.6}}data-sort-value="73" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:7.3}}39
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Uruguay" | {{URY}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:44.1}}data-sort-value="5" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.5}}84
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="United States" | {{USA}}style="text-align:left;" | North America {{formatnum:57.2}}data-sort-value="2" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.2}}33
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Uzbekistan" | {{UZB}}style="text-align:left;" | Europe & Central Asia {{formatnum:42.6}}data-sort-value="-13" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-1.3}}93
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="St. Vincent and the Grenadines" | {{VCT}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:54.2}}data-sort-value="8" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:0.8}}40
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Venezuela, RB" | {{VEN}}style="text-align:left;" | Latin America & Caribbean {{formatnum:53.3}}data-sort-value="11" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:1.1}}42
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Vietnam" | {{VNM}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:24.6}}data-sort-value="-37" | {{Decrease}} {{formatnum:-3.7}}153
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Vanuatu" | {{VUT}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:45.0}}data-sort-value="93" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:9.3}}79
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Samoa" | {{WSM}}style="text-align:left;" | East Asia & Pacific {{formatnum:47.1}}data-sort-value="60" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:6.0}}69
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="South Africa" | {{ZAF}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:42.7}}data-sort-value="44" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:4.4}}92
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Zambia" | {{ZMB}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:46.7}}data-sort-value="39" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:3.9}}72
style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="Zimbabwe" | {{ZWE}}style="text-align:left;" | Sub-Saharan Africa {{formatnum:51.6}}data-sort-value="95" | {{Increase}} {{formatnum:9.5}}48

EPI scores vs. GDP per capita, 2024

File:EPI vs GDP per capita, 2024.png

EPI scores are positively correlated with a country's wealth, although after a point, increasing wealth yields diminishing. returns. At every level of economic development, though, some countries outperform their peers while others lag. Some of the poorest countries in the world outperform some of the richest. In this regard, factors other than wealth, such as investments in human development, rule of law, and regulatory quality, are stronger predictors of environmental performance.{{cite web |author= |year=2024 |title=2024 Environmental Performance Index. Policymakers' Summary |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy & Center for International Earth Science Information Network Earth Institute, Columbia University |website=epi.yale.edu |url=https://epi.yale.edu/ |date=2024-10-03 |access-date=2024-10-24}}

Wealth allows countries to make investments in the infrastructure required to provide clean drinking water, safely manage waste, and rapidly expand renewable energy. But wealth also leads to higher material consumption and its associated environmental impacts, such as higher rates of waste generation, GHG emissions, and ecosystem degradation. Many countries with high scores in some Ecosystem Vitality metrics — such as those measuring the pollution from pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture, the integrity of forest landscapes, and the use of destructive fishing methods — do so because their economies are stagnant and underdeveloped.

Developing countries must be careful not to repeat the mistakes of nations that followed a dirty and unsustainable path to industrialization. On the other hand, rich countries need to decouple their consumption from environmental degradation and use their wealth to help developing countries leapfrog to a path of truly sustainable development, preserving their biodiversity and other global commons for the benefit of all humankind.

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References

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See also