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Environmental Vulnerability Index

{{Short description|Measure of severity of environmental issues}}

{{One source|date=August 2022}}

The Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) is a measurement devised by the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC), the United Nations Environment Program and others[http://www.vulnerabilityindex.net/ Environmental Vulnerability Index] Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Retrieved 4 November 2013. to characterize the relative severity of various types of environmental issues suffered by 243 enumerated individual nations and other geographies (such as Antarctica). The results of the EVI are used to focus on planned solutions to negative pressures on the environment, whilst promoting sustainability.

Development

The beginning stages of the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) were developed to be appropriate for Small Island Developing States (SIDs), this theoretical idea at the time was presented by the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) on February 4, 1999. The ideas and plans for The Environmental Vulnerability Index were worked on further with the creation of a (EVI) Think Tank that took place from September 7–10, 1999 in Pacific Harbour, Fiji. Expanding the (EVI) to other SIDS was aided by a meeting of experts convened in Malta on November 29 – December 3, 1999 by (SOPAC) and the Foundation for International Studies (of the University of Malta's Islands and Small States Institute) with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

During the second phase of the development, the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) was tested in five different countries. A workshop was made to expand the application of the Environmental Vulnerability Index to a demonstrative set of countries from around the world. The workshop was hosted by UNEP in Geneva, Switzerland on August 27 – August 29, 2001. Continuation of work and development on The Environmental Vulnerability Index, lead to a presentation of the first functional results with the Demonstration EVI.

Calculation

To be able to calculate an Environmental Vulnerability Index it requires the compilation of relevant environmental vulnerability data for the 50 indicators. Once compiled then this data must be used to calculate each indicator. As the indicators are heterogeneous, include variables for which responses are numerical, qualitative and on different scales (linear, non-linear, or with different ranges) they are mapped onto a 1–7 vulnerability scale. Where data is not available, no value is given for the indicator and the denominator of the average adjusted down by one value. Where an indicator is considered 'non-applicable' in a country (such as volcanic eruptions in Tuvalu which has no volcanoes), the lowest vulnerability score of 1 is attributed to that indicator. The vulnerability scores for each indicator are then accumulated either into categories or sub-indices and the average calculated. An overall average of all indicators is calculated to generate the country EVI. The EVI is accumulated into three sub-indices: Hazards, Resistance, Damage

The 50 EVI indicators are also divided up in the issue categories for use as required: Climate change, Biodiversity, Water, Agriculture and fisheries, Human health aspects, Desertification, and Exposure to Natural Disasters.

Indicators

  1. High Winds – Average annual excess winds over the last five years (summing speeds on days during which the maximum recorded wind speed is greater than 20% higher than the 30 year average maximum wind speed for that month) averaged over all reference climate stations.
  2. Dry Periods – Average annual rainfall deficit (mm) over the past 5 years for all months with more than 20% lower rainfall than the 30 year monthly average, averaged over all reference climate stations.
  3. Wet Periods – Average annual excess rainfall (mm) over the past 5 years for all months with more than 20% higher rainfall than the 30 year monthly average, averaged over all reference climate stations
  4. Hot Periods – Average annual excess heat (degrees C) over the past 5 years for all days more than 5°C (9°F) hotter than the 30 year mean monthly maximum, averaged over all reference climate stations.
  5. Cold Periods – Average annual heat deficit (degrees C) over the past 5 years for all days more than 5°C (9°F) cooler than the 30 year mean monthly minimum, averaged overall reference climate stations.
  6. Sea Temperatures – Average annual deviation in Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) in the last 5 years in relation to the 30 year monthly means
  7. Volcanoes – Cumulative volcano risk as the weighted number of volcanoes with the potential for eruption greater than or equal to a Volcanic Explosively Index of 2 (VEI 2) within 100 km of the country land boundary (divided by the area of land).
  8. Earthquakes – Cumulative earthquake energy within 100 km of country land boundaries measured as Local Magnitude (ML) ≥ 6.0 and occurring at a depth of less than or equal to fifteen kilometers(≤15 km depth) over 5 years (divided by land area).
  9. Tsunamis – Number of tsunamis or storms surges with run-up greater than 2 meters above Mean High Water Spring tide (MHWS) per 1000 km coastline since 1900.
  10. Slides – Number of slides recorded in the last 5 years (EMDAT definitions), divided by land area
  11. Land Area – Total land area (km2)
  12. Country Dispersion – Ratio of length of borders (land and maritime) to total land area.
  13. Isolation – Distance to nearest continent (km)
  14. Relief – Altitude range (highest point subtracted from the lowest point in country)
  15. Lowlands – Percentage of land area less than or equal to 50m above sea level
  16. Borders – Number of land and sea borders (including EEZ shared with other countries.)
  17. Ecosystem Imbalance – Weighted average change in trophic level since fisheries began (for trophic level slice ≤3.35).
  18. Environmental Openness – Average annual USD freight imports over the past 5 years by any means per km2 land area
  19. Migrations – Number of known species that migrate outside the territorial area at any time during their life spans (including land and all aquatic species) / area of land
  20. Endemics – Number of known endemic species per million square kilometer land area
  21. Introductions – Number of introduced species per 1000 square kilometer of land area
  22. Endangered Species – Number of endangered and vulnerable species per 1000 km2 land area (IUCN definitions)
  23. Extinctions – Number of species known to have become extinct since 1900 per 1000 km2 land area (IUCN definitions)
  24. Vegetation Cover – Percentage of natural and regrowth vegetation cover remaining (include forests, wetlands, prairies, tundra, desert and alpine associations).
  25. Loss Of Cover – Net percentage change in natural vegetation cover over the last five years
  26. Habitat fragmentation – Total length of all roads in a country divided by land area.
  27. Degradation – Percent of land area that is either severely or very severely degraded (FAO/AGL Terrastat definitions)
  28. Terrestrial Reserves – Percent of terrestrial land area legally set aside as no take reserves
  29. Marine Reserves – Percentage of continental shelf legally designated as marine protected areas (MPAs).
  30. Intensive Farming – Annual tonnage of intensively farmed animal products (includes aquaculture, pigs, poultry) produced over the last five years per square kilometer land area.
  31. Fertilizers – Average annual intensity of fertilizer use over the total land area over the last 5 years.
  32. Pesticides – Average annual pesticides used as kg/km2/year over total land area over last 5 years.
  33. Biotechnology – Cumulative number of deliberate field trials of genetically modified organisms conducted in the country since 1986.
  34. Productivity Over-fishing – Average ratio of productivity : fisheries catch over the last 5 years
  35. Fishing Effort – Average annual number of fishers per kilometer of coastline over the last 5 years
  36. Renewable Water – Average annual water usage as percentage of renewable water resources over the last 5 years
  37. SO2 Emissions – Average annual SO2 emissions over the last 5 years.
  38. Generated and imported toxic, hazardous and municipal wastes per square kilometer land area over the last 5 years
  39. Waste Treatment – Mean annual percent of hazardous, toxic and municipal waste effectively managed and treated over the past 5 years.
  40. Industry – Average annual use of electricity for industry over the last 5 years per square kilometer of land
  41. Spills – Total number of spills of oil and hazardous substances greater than 1000 liters on land, in rivers or within territorial waters per million km maritime coast during the last five years
  42. Mining – Average annual mining production (include all surface and subsurface mining and quarrying) per km2 of land area over the past 5 years.
  43. Sanitation – Density of population without access to safe sanitation (WHO definitions)
  44. Vehicles – Number of vehicles per square kilometer of land area (most recent data)
  45. Population – Total human population density (number per km2 land area)
  46. Population Growth – Annual human population growth rate over the last 5 years
  47. Tourists Average annual number of international tourists per km2 land over the past 5 years.
  48. Coastal Settlements – Density of people living in coastal settlements, i.e. with a city center within 100 km of any maritime or lake* coast.
  49. Environmental Agreements – Number of environmental treaties in force in a country.
  50. Conflicts – Average number of conflict years per decade within the country over the past 50 years.

List

class="wikitable sortable"
Rank

! Country

! Index

! Bracket

1

| {{flag|French Guiana}}

| 174

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

2

| {{flag|Western Sahara}}

| 175

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

3

| {{flag|Botswana}}

| 181

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

4

| {{flag|Central African Republic}}

| 193

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

5

| {{flag|Namibia}}

| 200

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

6

| {{flag|Zimbabwe}}

| 200

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

7

| {{flag|Guyana}}

| 207

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

8

| {{flag|Mongolia}}

| 208

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

9

| {{flag|Niger}}

| 208

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilent

10

| {{flag|Djibouti}}

| 210

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

11

| {{flag|Zambia}}

| 210

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

12

| {{flag|Gabon}}

| 211

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

13

| {{flag|Suriname}}

| 211

| align=center style="background:#39fe3f"| Resilient

14

| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}

| 215

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

15

| {{flag|Mali}}

| 215

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

16

| {{flag|Svalbard}}

| 215

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

17

| {{flag|Chad}}

| 217

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

18

| {{flag|Congo}}

| 219

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

19

| {{flag|Falkland Islands}}

| 223

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

20

| {{flag|Mozambique}}

| 225

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

21

| {{flag|Angola}}

| 227

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

22

| {{flag|Cameroon}}

| 229

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

23

| {{flag|Burkina Faso}}

| 229

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

24

| {{flag|Qatar}}

| 229

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

25

| {{flag|Mauritania}}

| 233

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

26

| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}

| 234

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

27

| {{flag|Antarctica}}

| 235

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

28

| {{flag|Australia}}

| 238

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

29

| {{flag|Belarus}}

| 239

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

30

| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}

| 243

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

31

| {{flag|Greenland}}

| 243

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

32

| {{flag|Laos}}

| 243

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

33

| {{flag|Swaziland}}

| 243

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

34

| {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}

| 245

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

35

| {{flag|Panama}}

| 247

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

36

| {{flag|Armenia}}

| 247

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

37

| {{flag|Bahamas}}

| 248

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

38

| {{flag|Cote d'Ivoire}}

| 248

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

39

| {{flag|Turkmenistan}}

| 249

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

40

| {{flag|Malawi}}

| 249

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

41

| {{flag|Oman}}

| 250

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

42

| {{flag|Bolivia}}

| 250

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

43

| {{flag|Canada}}

| 251

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

44

| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}

| 251

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

45

| {{flag|Bhutan}}

| 253

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

46

| {{flag|Eritrea}}

| 254

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

47

| {{flag|Guinea}}

| 254

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

48

| {{flag|Libya}}

| 256

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

49

| {{flag|Andorra}}

| 257

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

50

| {{flag|Tanzania}}

| 257

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

51

| {{flag|Belize}}

| 258

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

52

| {{flag|Uruguay}}

| 259

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

53

| {{flag|Ethiopia}}

| 260

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

54

| {{flag|Paraguay}}

| 260

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

55

| {{flag|Georgia}}

| 261

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

56

| {{flag|Kenya}}

| 262

| align=center style="background:#f0f0f0"| At risk

57

| {{flag|Finland}}

| 265

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

58

| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}

| 265

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

59

| {{flag|Somalia}}

| 265

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

60

| {{flag|Peru}}

| 268

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

61

| {{flag|Cambodia}}

| 270

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

62

| {{flag|Latvia}}

| 270

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

63

| {{flag|Myanmar}}

| 270

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

64

| {{flag|Bouvet Island}}

| 271

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

65

| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}

| 271

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

66

| {{flag|Liberia}}

| 271

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

67

| {{flag|Tajikistan}}

| 271

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

68

| {{flag|Nicaragua}}

| 272

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

69

| {{flag|Honduras}}

| 273

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

70

| {{flag|Norway}}

| 273

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

71

| {{flag|Russia}}

| 273

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

72

| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}

| 274

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

73

| {{flag|Sudan}}

| 274

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

74

| {{flag|Algeria}}

| 275

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

75

| {{flag|Comoros}}

| 277

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

76

| {{flag|Gambia}}

| 277

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

77

| {{flag|Senegal}}

| 277

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

78

| {{flag|Benin}}

| 278

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

79

| {{flag|Ghana}}

| 279

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

80

| {{flag|Madagascar}}

| 279

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

81

| {{flag|Saint Helena}}

| 279

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

82

| {{flag|Lesotho}}

| 280

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

83

| {{flag|Estonia}}

| 280

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

84

| {{flag|Morocco}}

| 281

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

85

| {{flag|Solomon Islands}}

| 281

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

86

| {{flag|Cape Verde}}

| 282

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

87

| {{flag|Sierra Leone}}

| 283

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

88

| {{flag|Uganda}}

| 283

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

89

| {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}

| 285

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

90

| {{flag|Vanuatu}}

| 285

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

91

| {{flag|Uzbekistan}}

| 286

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

92

| {{flag|Argentina}}

| 287

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

93

| {{flag|Chile}}

| 287

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

94

| {{flag|Burundi}}

| 288

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

95

| {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

| 288

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

96

| {{flag|Afghanistan}}

| 289

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

97

| {{flag|Yemen}}

| 289

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

98

| {{flag|New Caledonia}}

| 290

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

99

| {{flag|Aruba}}

| 291

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

100

| {{flag|Venezuela}}

| 291

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

101

| {{flag|New Zealand}}

| 292

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

102

| {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}

| 292

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

103

| {{flag|Togo}}

| 293

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

104

| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}

| 293

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

105

| {{flag|Vatican City}}

| 293

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

106

| {{flag|Heard Island and McDonald Islands}}

| 294

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

107

| {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}

| 295

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

108

| {{flag|Colombia}}

| 296

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

109

| {{flag|Faroe Islands}}

| 296

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

110

| {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}}

| 296

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

111

| {{flag|Egypt}}

| 298

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

112

| {{flag|Iceland}}

| 298

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

113

| {{flag|Rwanda}}

| 298

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

114

| {{flag|Jan Mayen}}

| 300

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

115

| {{flag|United States}}

| 300

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

116

| {{flag|Slovakia}}

| 303

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

117

| {{flag|Ecuador}}

| 304

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

118

| {{flag|Mayotte}}

| 304

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

119

| {{flag|Pitcairn}}

| 304

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

120

| {{flag|Wallis and Futuna}}

| 304

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

121

| {{flag|Nepal}}

| 305

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

122

| {{flag|San Marino}}

| 305

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

123

| {{flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}}

| 306

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

124

| {{flag|Mexico}}

| 306

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

125

| {{flag|Tunisia}}

| 306

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

126

| {{flag|Antigua & Barbuda}}

| 307

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

127

| {{flag|Thailand}}

| 308

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

128

| {{flag|Hong Kong}}

| 309

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

129

| {{flag|Niue}}

| 309

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

130

| {{flag|Jordan}}

| 310

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

131

| {{flag|Sweden}}

| 311

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

132

| {{flag|Anguilla}}

| 312

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

133

| {{flag|Malaysia}}

| 312

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

134

| {{flag|Brunei}}

| 313

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

135

| {{flag|Iran}}

| 313

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

136

| {{flag|Cyprus}}

| 314

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

137

| {{flag|Lithuania}}

| 314

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

138

| {{flag|Czech Republic}}

| 315

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

139

| {{flag|Grenada}}

| 315

| align=center style="background:#fefe45"| Vulnerable

140

| {{flag|Malta}}

| 316

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

141

| {{flag|Indonesia}}

| 316

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

142

| {{flag|North Macedonia}}

| 316

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

143

| {{flag|Ukraine}}

| 317

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

144

| {{flag|Ireland}}

| 318

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

145

| {{flag|Moldova}}

| 322

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

146

| {{flag|Bulgaria}}

| 323

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

147

| {{flag|Kuwait}}

| 323

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

148

| {{flag|Netherlands Antilles}}

| 323

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

149

| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}

| 324

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

150

| {{flag|South Africa}}

| 324

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

151

| {{flag|Taiwan}}

| 324

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

152

| {{flag|Bahrain}}

| 326

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

153

| {{flag|Luxembourg}}

| 327

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

154

| {{flag|Gibraltar}}

| 328

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

155

| {{flag|Samoa}}

| 328

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

156

| {{flag|Tokelau}}

| 328

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

157

| {{flag|Cuba}}

| 329

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

158

| {{flag|Albania}}

| 330

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

159

| {{flag|Sri Lanka}}

| 331

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

160

|{{flag|Monaco}}

| 332

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

161

| {{flag|Fiji}}

| 333

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

162

| {{flag|Puerto Rico}}

| 334

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

163

| {{flag|Portugal}}

| 335

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

164

| {{flag|Romania}}

| 335

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

165

| {{flag|Nigeria}}

| 336

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

166

| {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}

| 337

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

167

| {{flag|Guatemala}}

| 338

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

168

| {{flag|Palau}}

| 338

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

169

| {{flag|Bangladesh}}

| 340

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

170

| {{flag|Réunion}}

| 341

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

171

| {{flag|Montserrat}}

| 342

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

172

| {{flag|Cayman Islands}}

| 343

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

173

| {{flag|Croatia}}

| 343

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

174

| {{flag|Haiti}}

| 343

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

175

| {{flag|Iraq}}

| 344

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

176

| {{flag|Denmark}}

| 345

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

177

| {{flag|Liechtenstein}}

| 346

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

178

| {{flag|El Salvador}}

| 348

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

179

| {{flag|Marshall Islands}}

| 348

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

180

| {{flag|Switzerland}}

| 348

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

181

| {{flag|Christmas Island}}

| 350

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

182

| {{flag|Syria}}

| 350

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

183

| {{flag|Spain}}

| 352

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

184

| {{flag|Greece}}

| 353

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

185

| {{flag|Turkey}}

| 353

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

186

| {{flag|Azerbaijan}}

| 354

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

187

| {{flag|Costa Rica}}

| 354

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

188

| {{flag|Poland}}

| 354

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

189

| {{flag|Seychelles}}

| 355

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

190

| {{flag|Germany}}

| 357

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

191

| {{flag|Vietnam}}

| 357

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

192

| {{flag|Mauritius}}

| 358

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

193

| {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}

| 359

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

194

| {{flag|China}}

| 360

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

195

| {{flag|France}}

| 361

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

196

| {{flag|Slovenia}}

| 362

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

197

| {{flag|Hungary}}

| 363

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

198

| {{flag|North Korea}}

| 363

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

199

| {{flag|Martinique}}

| 364

| align=center style="background:#fb992c"| Highly vulnerable

200

| {{flag|Tuvalu}}

| 367

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

201

| {{flag|Pakistan}}

| 368

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

202

| {{flag|Norfolk Island}}

| 368

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

203

| {{flag|Austria}}

| 369

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

204

| {{flag|Bermuda}}

| 373

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

205

| {{flag|South Korea}}

| 373

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

206

| {{flag|Brazil}}

| 373

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

207

| {{flag|United Kingdom}}

| 373

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

208

| {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}

| 377

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

209

| {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}

| 378

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

210

| {{flag|Israel}}

| 380

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

211

| {{flag|French Polynesia}}

| 381

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

212

| {{flag|Jamaica}}

| 381

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

213

| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}

| 381

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

214

| {{flag|Cook Islands}}

| 383

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

215

| {{flag|Maldives}}

| 383

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

216

| {{flag|India}}

| 385

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

217

| {{flag|Italy}}

| 386

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

218

| {{flag|Belgium}}

| 387

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

219

| {{flag|Lebanon}}

| 387

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

220

| {{flag|Netherlands}}

| 388

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

221

| {{flag|Japan}}

| 389

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

222

| {{flag|Guam}}

| 390

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

223

| {{flag|Micronesia}}

| 392

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

224

| {{flag|Tonga}}

| 392

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

225

| {{flag|Saint Lucia}}

| 393

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

226

| {{flag|Kiribati}}

| 395

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

227

| {{flag|United States Virgin Islands}}

| 396

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

228

| {{flag|Philippines}}

| 402

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

229

| {{flag|Barbados}}

| 403

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

230

| {{flag|Macau}}

| 407

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

231

| {{flag|Guadeloupe}}

| 412

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

232

| {{flag|Nauru}}

| 421

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

233

| {{flag|Singapore}}

| 428

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

234

| {{flag|American Samoa}}

| 436

| align=center style="background:#f90018"| Extremely vulnerable

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Kaly U, Pratt C and Mitchell J (2004) [http://islands.unep.ch/EVI%202004%20Technical%20Report.pdf Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050137/http://islands.unep.ch/EVI%202004%20Technical%20Report.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} SOPAC.
  • Barnett J, Lambert S and Fry I (2008) [https://archive.today/20131104104900/http://www.academia.edu/2072067/Indicating_Vulnerability_Unpacking_The_Environmental_Vulnerability_Index "The Hazards of Indicators: Insights from the Environmental Vulnerability Index"] Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 98 (1).

External links

  • {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321031104/http://www.vulnerabilityindex.net/ |date=March 21, 2021 |title=Official website}}

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Category:Environmental science

Vulnerability

Category:Vulnerability