Eperythrozoon

The members of this genus have variously been named under Eperythrozoon, Haemobartonella (before that, Bartonella), and Mycoplasma. When they were under Mycoplasma, most species had a specific epithet starting with hemo or haemo (meaning "blood"), giving them the informal name "hemoplasmas" or "hemotrophic mycoplasmas". The merge into Mycoplasma is now known to be misguided and resulted in a polyphyletic Mycoplasma. The current circumscription of the genus is by Gupta et al. (2018).

According to LPSN, several renames in Gupta et al. (2018) have not yet been made valid or pro-valid.{{cite web |title=Genus: Eperythrozoon |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/eperythrozoon |website=lpsn.dsmz.de |language=en}} This article nevertheless uses these names because they imply a monophyletic Mycoplasma. For more background on resistance to renaming medically-important bacteria, see {{section link|Bacterial taxonomy|Pathology vs. phylogeny}}.

Species include:

• "E. canis" {{au|(Kreier and Ristic 1984 ex Kikuth 1928) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• E. coccoides {{au|Schilling 1928 (Approved Lists 1980)}} – type species
• "Candidatus E. haematobovis" {{au|corrig. (Tagawa et al. 2008) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• "Candidatus E. haematolamae" {{au|corrig. (Messick et al. 2002) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• "Candidatus E. haematominutum" {{au|corrig. (Foley and Pedersen 2001) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• "Candidatus E. haemobos" {{au|(Tagawa et al. 2008) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• "Candidatus E. haemolamae" {{au|(Messick et al. 2002) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• "Candidatus E. haemominutum" {{au|(Foley and Pedersen 2001) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• "E. muris" {{au|(Mayer 1921) Gupta et al. 2018}}
• E. ovis {{au|Neitz et al. 1934 (Approved Lists 1980)}}
• E. parvum S{{au|plitter 1950 (Approved Lists 1980)}}
• E. suis {{au|Splitter 1950 (Approved Lists 1980)}}
• E. wenyonii {{au|corrig. Adler and Ellenbogen 1934 (Approved Lists 1980)}}

Additional possible members can be found in {{section link|Mycoplasma#Unassigned species}}.

Eperythrozoon infection can cause fever, hemolytic anemia, and jaundice in infected animals (domestic, wild, and humans).

Eperythrozoon is a major pathogen of domestic animals. The specific epithets in this genus are, in fact, mostly named after the animal the species is discovered in. Diagnosis is by blood smear microscopy or the more sensitive PCR. Treatment is by tetracyclines, similar to other Mollicutes.{{cite web |title=Hemotropic Mycoplasma Infections in Animals - Circulatory System |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/circulatory-system/blood-parasites/hemotropic-mycoplasma-infections-in-animals |website=MSD Veterinary Manual |language=en}}

Eperythrozoon ovis and Eperythrozoon parvum have been implicated in human infections. It is believed to spread by contact with animals or arthropods, but cases have been reported without extensive contact. Diagnosis is by blood smear microscopy or PCR. Definite identification of the species responsible can be achieved through gene sequencing.{{cite journal|url= |title=Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species in Patients with or without Extensive Arthropod or Animal Contact|volume=51|issue=10|last1=Maggi|first1=Ricardo G.|last2=Compton|first2=Sarah M.|date=1 October 2013|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|pages=3237–3241|doi=10.1128/JCM.01125-13|pmid=23863574|pmc=3811635|last3=Trull|first3=Chelsea L.|last4=Mascarelli|first4=Patricia E.|last5=Mozayeni|first5=B. Robert|last6=Breitschwerdt|first6=Edward B.}}

"Ca. Mycoplasma haemohominis", as the name suggests, is originally found in a human. A case report describes identification of the bacterium and its quinolone antibiotic resistance mutation through genome sequencing. The patient was treated successfully with moxifloxacin and minocycline combination.{{cite journal |last1=Hattori |first1=N |last2=Kuroda |first2=M |last3=Katano |first3=H |last4=Takuma |first4=T |last5=Ito |first5=T |last6=Arai |first6=N |last7=Yanai |first7=R |last8=Sekizuka |first8=T |last9=Ishii |first9=S |last10=Miura |first10=Y |last11=Tokunaga |first11=T |last12=Watanabe |first12=H |last13=Nomura |first13=N |last14=Eguchi |first14=J |last15=Hasegawa |first15=H |last16=Nakamaki |first16=T |last17=Wakita |first17=T |last18=Niki |first18=Y |title=Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis in Human, Japan. |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |date=January 2020 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=11–19 |doi=10.3201/eid2601.190983 |pmid=31855136|pmc=6924906 }}

For now, consult Gupta et al. (2018). Trees extracted from the 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project (16S ribosomal RNA) and GTDB (120 marker genes) will be included in the article at a later date.

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Category:Mollicutes