Eric Rudolph#Bombings
{{short description|American domestic terrorist (born 1966)}}
{{about|the American domestic terrorist|the American racing driver|Erick Rudolph}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox FBI Ten Most Wanted
| name = Eric Rudolph
| image = EricRudolphFull.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|9|19|mf=y}}
| birth_place = Merritt Island, Florida, U.S.
| birth_name = Eric Robert Rudolph
| cause =
| alias = Bob Randolph, Robert Randolph, Bobby Rudolph
| charge =
| conviction = [[Title 18 of the United States Code|Maliciously damaging by means
of an explosive a building and property used in an activity affecting interstate
commerce resulting in death (18 U.S.C. § 844)]]
Using a destructive device during a crime of violence (18 U.S.C. § 924)
| conviction_penalty = Four consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole
| imprisoned = ADX Florence
| occupation =
{{flatlist|
- Carpenter
- roofer
- handyman
}}
| spouse =
| children =
| added_date = May 5, 1998
| caught_date = May 31, 2003
| remove_date =
| number = 454
| status = Captured
}}
Eric Robert Rudolph (born September 19, 1966), also known as the Olympic Park Bomber, is an American domestic terrorist convicted of a series of bombings across the Southern United States between 1996 and 1998, which killed two people and injured over 100 others,{{cite web |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/1998/October/477crm.htm |title=Eric Rudolph charged in Centennial Olympic Park bombing |website=Viceland News |access-date=September 19, 2019|archive-date=June 18, 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030618150204/http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/1998/October/477crm.htm }}{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/04/08/rudolph.plea/|title=Rudolph agrees to plea agreement|last1=Schuster|first1=Henry|date=April 12, 2005|website=CNN|access-date=January 8, 2016|quote="The many victims of Eric Rudolph's terrorist attacks in Atlanta and Birmingham can rest assured that Rudolph will spend the rest of his life behind bars," [U.S. Attorney General Alberto] Gonzales said in press release.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050409061947/http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/04/08/rudolph.plea/|archive-date=April 9, 2005|url-status=live}} including the Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. His stated motive was an opposition to "the ideals of global socialism" and to "abortion on demand", both of which he claimed were condoned by the United States government.{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2005/04/14/4600480/full-text-of-eric-rudolphs-confession |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131203065049/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4600480 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |title=Full Text of Eric Rudolph's Confession |publisher= NPR |date=April 14, 2005 |access-date=July 3, 2024 |url-status=live }}{{void|Fabrickator|comment|alternate archive url:https://web.archive.org/web/20240524131433/https://www.npr.org/2005/04/14/4600480/full-text-of-eric-rudolphs-confession}} For five years, Rudolph was listed as one of the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives until he was caught in 2003.
In 2005, as part of a plea bargain, Rudolph pleaded guilty to numerous state and federal homicide charges and accepted four consecutive life sentences in exchange for avoiding a trial and a potential death sentence. He remains incarcerated at the ADX Florence supermax prison near Florence, Colorado.
Early life
Rudolph was born in Merritt Island, Florida, in 1966.{{cite web|last=Noe|first=Denise|title=Eric Rudolph: Serial Bomber|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/terrorists/eric_rudolph/6.html|publisher=TruTV|access-date=January 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305022651/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/terrorists/eric_rudolph/6.html|archive-date=March 5, 2011|url-status=live}} After his father Robert died in 1981, he moved with his mother and siblings to Nantahala, Macon County, in western North Carolina.{{Citation | year = 2001 | title = Tim and Sarah Gayman Discuss Growing Up in the Anti-Semitic Christian Identity Movement | periodical = Intelligence Report | edition = Summer 2001 | issue = 102 | publisher = Southern Poverty Law Center | url = http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2001/summer/coming-out?page=0,1 | access-date = August 16, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110712035613/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2001/summer/coming-out?page=0,1 | archive-date = July 12, 2011 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }}{{cite news |title=Deborah Rudolph Speaks Out About Her Former Brother-In-Law, Olympic Park Bomber Eric Robert Rudolph|url=https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/deborah-rudolph-speaks-out-about-her-former-brother-law-olympic-park-bomber-eric-robert/|website=SPLCenter |access-date=May 20, 2025|date=November 29, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123034040/https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/deborah-rudolph-speaks-out-about-her-former-brother-law-olympic-park-bomber-eric-robert/|archive-date=January 23, 2025 |url-status=live}}
Rudolph attended ninth grade at the Nantahala School but dropped out after that year and worked as a carpenter with his older brother Daniel. When Rudolph was 18, he spent time with his mother at a Christian Identity compound in Schell City, Missouri known as the Church of Israel.{{cite news |title=Rudolph's mother: Son not a 'monster' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/08/22/rudolph.mother/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=February 14, 2011 |date=April 4, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715230302/http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/08/22/rudolph.mother/index.html?_s=PM%3ALAW |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}
After Rudolph received his GED, he enlisted in the U.S. Army, undergoing basic training at Fort Benning in Georgia. He was discharged in January 1989, due to marijuana use, while serving with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.{{cite news|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Gettleman|author-link1=Jeffrey Gettleman|first2=David M.|last2=Halbfinger|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/01/us/suspect-in-96-olympic-bombing-and-3-other-attacks-is-caught.html|title=Suspect in '96 Olympic Bombing And 3 Other Attacks Is Caught|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204132818/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/01/us/suspect-in-96-olympic-bombing-and-3-other-attacks-is-caught.html |date=June 1, 2003|access-date=December 26, 2014|archive-date=February 4, 2017 }} In 1988, the year before his discharge, Rudolph had attended the Air Assault School at Fort Campbell. He attained the rank of Specialist/E-4.
Rudolph joined several white supremacist groups in the years before he perpetrated the bombings.{{cite web |title=WashingtonPost.com: Eric Rudolph |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/rudolph/bio.htm |website=www.washingtonpost.com |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=December 1998 |archive-date=August 29, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000829040809/http://washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/rudolph/bio.htm |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Why did Rudolph do it? - Apr 13, 2005 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2005/US/04/11/schuster.column/index.html |website=www.cnn.com |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=12 April 2005 |archive-date=July 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708054044/http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/04/11/schuster.column/index.html |url-status=live }}
Bombings
{{further|Centennial Olympic Park bombing|Otherside Lounge bombing}}
At age 29, Rudolph perpetrated the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, which occurred on July 27, 1996, during the 1996 Summer Olympics. He made two anonymous 911 calls, warning about the bomb before it detonated.[http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphStatement.html Full text of Eric Rudolph's written statement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028003642/http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphStatement.html |date=October 28, 2006 }} Army of God website The blast killed one spectator and wounded 111 others.{{cite news|first=Crystal|last=Bonvillian|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/national/serial-bomber-eric-rudolph-targeted-olympics-gay-clubs-abortion-clinics/2Pm8Uoj3XucMLRowsheGtL/|title=Serial bomber Eric Rudolph targeted Olympics, gay club, abortion clinics|newspaper=Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=March 19, 2018|access-date=April 13, 2018|archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170646/https://www.ajc.com/news/national/serial-bomber-eric-rudolph-targeted-olympics-gay-clubs-abortion-clinics/2Pm8Uoj3XucMLRowsheGtL/|url-status=live}} A 40-year-old Turkish news cameraman suffered a fatal heart attack while running to the scene.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/28/us/bomb-at-the-olympics-heart-ailment-kills-war-survivor-in-altanta.html |title=BOMB AT THE OLYMPICS; Heart Ailment Kills War Survivor in Altanta [sic] |date=July 28, 1996 |access-date=August 26, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106064814/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/28/us/bomb-at-the-olympics-heart-ailment-kills-war-survivor-in-altanta.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title= In Atlanta, Fear Roams Hand In Hand With Anger |first= Jeff |last= Jacobs |date= July 28, 1996 |url= https://www.courant.com/1996/07/28/in-atlanta-fear-roams-hand-in-hand-with-anger/ |work= Hartford Courant |access-date= August 27, 2020 |archive-date= October 19, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131019152603/http://articles.courant.com/1996-07-28/news/9607280085_1_alice-s-hawthorne-explosion-centennial-olympic-park |url-status= live }}
Rudolph's motive for the bombing, according to his April 13, 2005 statement, was political:
In the summer of 1996, the world converged upon Atlanta for the Olympic Games. Under the protection and auspices of the regime in Washington millions of people came to celebrate the ideals of global socialism. Multinational corporations spent billions of dollars, and Washington organized an army of security to protect these best of all games. Even though the conception and the purpose of the so-called Olympic movement is to promote the values of global socialism as perfectly expressed in the song "Imagine" by John Lennon, which was the theme of the 1996 Games—even though the purpose of the Olympics is to promote these ideals, the purpose of the attack on July 27 was to confound, anger and embarrass the Washington government in the eyes of the world for its abominable sanctioning of abortion on demand.The plan was to force the cancellation of the games, or at least create a state of insecurity in order to empty the streets around the venues and thereby eat into the vast amounts of money that had been invested in them.
Rudolph's statement cleared Richard Jewell, a Centennial Olympic Park security guard, of any involvement in the bombing. Despite having been initially hailed as a hero for being the first one to spot Rudolph's explosive device and helping to clear the area, Jewell came under FBI scrutiny in the days following the attack, ultimately becoming the prime suspect and the subject of international media attention.
Rudolph confessed to three other bombings: 1) an abortion clinic in the Atlanta suburb of Sandy Springs on January 16, 1997, 2) the Otherside Lounge of Atlanta, a lesbian bar, on February 21, 1997, injuring five,{{cite press release|url=http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005/April/05_crm_176.htm|title=Eric Robert Rudolph To Plead Guilty To Serial Bombing Attacks In Atlanta And Birmingham; Will Receive Life Sentences|publisher=U.S. Justice Department|date=April 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414003813/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005/April/05_crm_176.htm|archive-date=April 14, 2013}} and 3) an abortion clinic in Birmingham, Alabama on January 29, 1998, killing Birmingham police officer Robert Sanderson, who was off-duty but working as security in uniform, and critically injuring nurse Emily Lyons. Rudolph's bombs contained nails, which acted as shrapnel.
Fugitive
Rudolph was first identified as a suspect in the Alabama bombing by the Department of Justice on February 14, 1998, following tips from two witnesses, Jeffrey Tickal and Jermaine Hughes. Tickal and Hughes observed Rudolph departing the scene and noted his appearance and truck license plate.{{cite news|title=They Didn't Catch Rudolph, but They Stopped Him Cold|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-apr-15-na-witness15-story.html|access-date=April 16, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 15, 2005|first1=Ellen|last1=Barry|first2=Jenny|last2=Jarvie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227092743/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/apr/15/nation/na-witness15|archive-date=December 27, 2014|url-status=live}} He was named as a suspect in the other Atlanta and Alabama incidents on October 14, 1998.
On May 5, 1998, he became the 454th fugitive listed by the FBI on the Ten Most Wanted list. The FBI considered him to be armed and extremely dangerous, and offered a $1 million reward for information leading directly to his arrest. He spent more than five years in the Appalachian wilderness as a fugitive, during which time federal and amateur search teams scoured the area without success.
Rudolph's family supported him and believed he was innocent of all charges.{{cite web|first=Henry|last=Schuster|website=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/04/11/schuster.column/index.html|title=Why did Rudolph do it?|date=April 15, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060624092056/http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/04/11/schuster.column/index.html |archive-date=June 24, 2006 }} They were questioned and placed under surveillance.{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Stein|website=Salon.com|url=http://www.salon.com/1999/01/29/newsc_20/|title=A twisted tale of two brothers|date=January 29, 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911184055/http://www.salon.com/1999/01/29/newsc_20/ |archive-date=September 11, 2016 }} On March 7, 1998, Rudolph's older brother, Daniel, videotaped himself cutting off his left hand with a radial arm saw in order to, in his words, "send a message to the FBI and the media."{{cite news|title=Bombing suspect's brother cuts hand off with saw|url=http://www-cgi.cnn.com/US/9803/09/briefs.pm/rudolph.amputation/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001011025711/http://www-cgi.cnn.com/US/9803/09/briefs.pm/rudolph.amputation/|author=|date=March 9, 1998|website=CNN|archive-date=October 11, 2000|access-date=November 26, 2006}} The hand was successfully reattached later by surgeons.{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/11/us/bomb-suspect-s-brother-mutilates-himself.html | work=The New York Times | title=Bomb Suspect's Brother Mutilates Himself | date=March 11, 1998 | access-date=February 16, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204132742/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/11/us/bomb-suspect-s-brother-mutilates-himself.html | archive-date=February 4, 2017 | url-status=live }}
According to Rudolph's own writings, he survived during his years as a fugitive by camping in the Nantahala National Forest near Cherokee and Graham Counties, in North Carolina, by gathering acorns and salamanders, pilfering vegetables from gardens, stealing grain from a grain silo, and raiding dumpsters in Murphy, North Carolina.[http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphLickFloor.html Lick the Floor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403223943/http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphLickFloor.html |date=April 3, 2007 }} January 27, 2004{{cite web |url=http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphTil.html |title=Lil |publisher=Armyofgod.com |access-date=January 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050627010308/http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphTil.html |archive-date=June 27, 2005 |url-status=live }}
Arrest and guilty plea
Rudolph was arrested in Murphy, North Carolina, on May 31, 2003, by rookie police officer Jeffrey Scott Postell of the Murphy Police Department while Rudolph was looking through a dumpster behind a Save-A-Lot store at about 4:00{{spaces}}a.m. Postell, on routine patrol, had initially suspected a burglary in progress.{{cite news |title=Atlanta Olympic bombing suspect arrested|website=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/05/31/rudolph.main/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030621163319/http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/05/31/rudolph.main/|archive-date=June 21, 2003|date=May 31, 2003}}
Rudolph was unarmed and did not resist arrest. When arrested, he was clean-shaven with a trimmed mustache, had dyed black hair and wore a camouflage jacket, work clothes, and new sneakers.{{cite news |title=Finally caught: 5 year hunt for Eric Rudolph ends|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/content/news/rudolph/0603/01main.html|work=Atlanta Journal-Constitution|access-date=December 7, 2013|first1=Bill|last1=Torpy|first2=Don|last2=Plummer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030605155128/http://www.ajc.com/news/content/news/rudolph/0603/01main.html|archive-date=June 5, 2003|date=June 1, 2003}} Federal authorities charged him on October 14, 2003. Rudolph was initially defended by attorney Richard S. Jaffe. After Jaffe withdrew, he was represented by Judy Clarke.
In April 2005, the Department of Justice announced that Rudolph had agreed to a plea bargain under which he would plead guilty to all charges he was accused of in exchange for avoiding the death penalty. The deal was confirmed after the FBI found {{convert|250|lb}} of dynamite he had hidden in the forests of North Carolina. His revealing the hiding places of the dynamite was a condition of his plea agreement.{{cite news|last=Eggen|first=Dan|title=Rudolph To Plead Guilty to Bombings|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37544-2005Apr8.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=December 7, 2013|date=April 9, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630002149/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37544-2005Apr8.html|archive-date=June 30, 2014|url-status=live}} He made his pleas in person in Birmingham and Atlanta courts on April 13.{{cite news|last=Lohr|first=Kathy|title=Rudolph Pleads Guilty, Admits Little Remorse|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4599872|website=NPR|access-date=December 7, 2013|date=April 13, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213150211/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4599872|archive-date=December 13, 2013|url-status=live}}
Rudolph released a statement explaining his actions; he rationalized the bombings as serving the cause of anti-abortion and anti-gay terrorism. In his statement, he claimed that he had "deprived the government of its goal of sentencing me to death," and that "the fact that I have entered an agreement with the government is purely a tactical choice on my part and in no way legitimates the moral authority of the government to judge this matter or impute my guilt."{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-04-13-rudolph-statement_x.htm |title=Excerpts from Eric Rudolph's statement |date=April 13, 2005 |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211085812/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-04-13-rudolph-statement_x.htm |archive-date=February 11, 2009 |url-status=live }}
The terms of the plea agreement were that Rudolph would be sentenced to four consecutive life terms. He was sentenced July 18, 2005, to two consecutive life terms without parole for the 1998 murder of a police officer.{{cite web|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,162790,00.html|title=Eric Rudolph Gets Life Without Parole|website=Fox News|date=July 18, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829015310/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,162790,00.html |archive-date=August 29, 2006 }} He was sentenced for his bombings in Atlanta on August 22, 2005, receiving two consecutive life terms. That same day, Rudolph was sent to the ADX Florence Supermax federal prison. Like other Supermax inmates, he spends 23 hours per day alone in his {{convert|80|sqft|m2|adj=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} concrete cell.{{cite news|first=R. Scott|last=Rappold|url=http://www.gazette.com/display.php?id=1310494&secid=1|title=Olympic bomber Rudolph calls Supermax home|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023225608/http://www.gazette.com/display.php?id=1310494&secid=1 |archive-date=October 23, 2005|newspaper=Colorado Springs Gazette|date=September 14, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2006}}"[http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=IDSearch&needingMoreList=false&IDType=IRN&IDNumber=18282-058&x=399&y=290 Eric Robert Rudolph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614050524/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=IDSearch&needingMoreList=false&IDType=IRN&IDNumber=18282-058&x=399&y=290 |date=June 14, 2009 }}." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on January 5, 2010.
Rudolph unsuccessfully tried to have part of his sentence vacated in 2021.{{Cite web |title=Rudolph v. United States, Civil Action 2:20-cv-08024-CLS {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator |url=https://casetext.com/case/rudolph-v-united-states-13 |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=casetext.com |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517215518/https://casetext.com/case/rudolph-v-united-states-13 |url-status=live }}
Motivations
After Rudolph's arrest for the bombings, The Washington Post reported that the FBI considered Rudolph to have "had a long association with the Christian Identity movement, which asserts that Northern European whites are the direct descendants of the lost tribes of Israel, God's chosen people."{{Cite news |last=Cooperman |first=Alan |date=June 2, 2003 |title=Is Terrorism Tied To Christian Sect? |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/06/02/is-terrorism-tied-to-christian-sect/7510f762-4ac6-43b5-9b15-479a8cef16d4/ |access-date=November 12, 2020 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124072527/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/06/02/is-terrorism-tied-to-christian-sect/7510f762-4ac6-43b5-9b15-479a8cef16d4/ |url-status=live }} Christian Identity is a white supremacist movement which holds the view that those who are not white Christians cannot be saved.{{cite book |last=Quarles |first=Chester L. |title=Christian Identity: The Aryan American Bloodline Religion |publisher=McFarland & Company |location=Jefferson, North Carolina|year=2004 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5BzY2eeyngC |isbn=978-0-7864-1892-3 |access-date=November 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424002004/https://books.google.com/books?id=r5BzY2eeyngC |archive-date=April 24, 2017 |url-status=live }} In the same article, the Post reported that some FBI investigators believe that Rudolph may have written letters in which he claimed responsibility for the nightclub and abortion clinic bombings on behalf of the Army of God, a group that sanctions the use of force to combat abortions and is associated with Christian Identity.{{cite web | title= The Second Defensive Action Statement | url= http://www.armyofgod.com/defense2.html | access-date= May 14, 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081006164433/http://www.armyofgod.com/defense2.html | archive-date= October 6, 2008 | url-status= live | df= mdy-all }}
In a statement released after he entered a guilty plea, Rudolph denied being a supporter of the Christian Identity movement, claiming that his involvement amounted to a brief association with the daughter of a Christian Identity adherent, later identified as Daniel Gayman. When asked about his religion he said "I was born a Catholic, and with forgiveness I hope to die one."{{cite news |title=Eric Rudolph, proud killer |url=http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/050414/rudolph.shtml |access-date=December 11, 2006|agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Decatur Daily |date=April 14, 2005 |first=Kristen|last=Wyatt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421100819/http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/050414/rudolph.shtml |archive-date=April 21, 2008 |url-status=live }}{{cite news|first=Blake|last=Morrison|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-07-05-rudolph-cover-partone_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA|title=Special report: Eric Rudolph writes home|newspaper=USA Today|date=July 6, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528052340/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-07-05-rudolph-cover-partone_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA |archive-date=May 28, 2011 }} In other written statements, Rudolph has cited biblical passages and offered religious motives for his militant opposition to abortion.
Some books and media outlets, like the NPR radio program On Point, have described Rudolph as a "Christian Identity extremist";{{cite web |title=Most Wanted Extremist, Eric Rudolph, Caught |url=http://www.onpointradio.org/shows/2003/06/20030603_b_main.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002032921/http://www.onpointradio.org/shows/2003/06/20030603_b_main.asp |archive-date=October 2, 2006 |date=June 3, 2003}} Harper's Magazine referred to him as a "Christian terrorist."{{cite news |url=http://harpers.org/blog/2005/04/weeklyreview2005-04-19/ |work=Harpers Magazine |title=Week In Review |access-date=January 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929120620/http://harpers.org/blog/2005/04/weeklyreview2005-04-19/ |archive-date=September 29, 2015 |url-status=live}} The Voice of America reported that Rudolph could be seen as part of an "attempt to try to use a Christian faith to try to forge a kind of racial and social purity."{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/archive/arrest-accused-olympic-park-bomber-sparks-debate-christian-terrorism-2003-06-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802230709/https://www.voanews.com/archive/arrest-accused-olympic-park-bomber-sparks-debate-christian-terrorism-2003-06-05 |archive-date=August 2, 2021 |title=Arrest of Accused Olympic Park Bomber Sparks Debate on 'Christian Terrorism' |date=June 5, 2003 |website=VOANews |access-date=July 3, 2024}}{{cbignore}} Writing in 2004, authors Michael Shermer and Dennis McFarland saw Rudolph's story as an example of "religious extremism in America," warning that the phenomenon he represented was "particularly potent when gathered together under the umbrella of militia groups".{{cite book |title=The Science of Good and Evil |last=Shermer |first=Michael |isbn=9781429996754 |date=December 9, 2004 |publisher=Henry Holt and Co}}
The Anti-Defamation League noted in 2003 that "extremist chatter on the Internet has praised Rudolph as 'a hero' and some followers of hate groups are calling for further acts of violence to be modeled after the bombings he is accused of committing."Anti-Defamation League, "[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/Teror_92/4264_72.htm Extremist Chatter Praises Eric Rudolph as 'Hero.'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061124235649/http://www.adl.org/PresRele/Teror_92/4264_72.htm |date=November 24, 2006 }}", June 3, 2003. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
In a letter to his mother from prison, Rudolph has written, "Many good people continue to send me money and books. Most of them have, of course, an agenda; mostly born-again Christians looking to save my soul. I suppose the assumption is made that because I'm in here I must be a 'sinner' in need of salvation, and they would be glad to sell me a ticket to heaven. I do appreciate their charity, but I could really do without the condescension. They have been so nice I would hate to break it to them that I really prefer Nietzsche to the Bible." His mother would state she saw this as evidence of his intellectual side, not as a denial of his Catholic faith.{{cite news|first=Blake|last=Lowenstein|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-07-05-rudolph-cover-partone_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA|title=Special report: Eric Rudolph writes home|newspaper=USA Today|date=July 5, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528052340/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-07-05-rudolph-cover-partone_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA |archive-date=May 28, 2011 }}
Rudolph has said, "The truth is I am a Christian".{{Cite web |url=https://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphRacism.html |title=Eric Rudolph Racism "The truth is I am a Christian" |access-date=December 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050831/https://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphRacism.html |archive-date=December 22, 2017 |url-status=live }} Rudolph remained unremorseful for his actions and, in a statement before the court, called his acts against abortion providers a “moral duty.” “As I go to a prison cell for a lifetime, I know that ‘I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith,’” Rudolph said, quoting scripture.{{Cite web |first=Crystal|last=Bonvillian|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/national/serial-bomber-eric-rudolph-targeted-olympics-gay-clubs-abortion-clinics/2Pm8Uoj3XucMLRowsheGtL/ |title=Serial bomber Eric Rudolph targeted Olympics, gay club, abortion clinics |newspaper=Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=March 19, 2018|access-date=April 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414012046/https://www.ajc.com/news/national/serial-bomber-eric-rudolph-targeted-olympics-gay-clubs-abortion-clinics/2Pm8Uoj3XucMLRowsheGtL/ |archive-date=April 14, 2018 |url-status=live }}
In his work "White Lies: Abortion, Eugenics, And Racism" Rudolph expresses his admirations towards Catholicism.
Writings from prison
Essays written by Rudolph that condone violence and militant action have been published on the Internet by an Army of God anti-abortion activist.[http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphHomepage.html Army of God's homepage for Rudolph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516044053/http://www.armyofgod.com/EricRudolphHomepage.html |date=May 16, 2007 }} December 18, 2007 Although victims maintain that Rudolph's messages are harassment and could incite violence, the prison can do little to restrict their publication, according to Alice Martin, who was the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama when Rudolph was prosecuted for the Alabama bombing. "An inmate does not lose his freedom of speech," she said.{{cite web|first=Jay|last=Reeves|url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007May14/0,4670,EricRudolph,00.html|title=Extremist Taunts His Victims From Prison|website=Fox News|date=May 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516044017/http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007May14/0,4670,EricRudolph,00.html |archive-date=May 16, 2007}}
As reported in an April 8, 2013, Alabama blog article,{{cite news|first=Kent|last=Faulk|url=http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2013/04/birmingham_abortion_clinic_bom.html|title=Birmingham abortion clinic bomber Eric Robert Rudolph fights to get profits from his book|newspaper=The Birmingham News|access-date=April 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413061815/http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2013/04/birmingham_abortion_clinic_bom.html|archive-date=April 13, 2013|url-status=live|date=April 8, 2013}} Rudolph's book Between the Lines of Drift: The Memoirs of a Militant was published, with help from his brother, by Lulu.com in February 2013. In April 2013, the U.S. Attorney General seized $200 to help pay off the $1 million that Rudolph owes in restitution to the state of Alabama. The book has since been republished and has been made available through the Army of God website.{{cite news|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2013/02/23/bomber-eric-rudolph-self-publishes-autobiography-from-prison/|title=Bomber Eric Rudolph self-publishes autobiography from prison|newspaper=Denver Post|date=February 23, 2013|accessdate=June 20, 2021|agency=Associated Press|archive-date=June 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622114405/https://www.denverpost.com/2013/02/23/bomber-eric-rudolph-self-publishes-autobiography-from-prison/|url-status=live}}
In popular culture
In a fictionalized portrayal, Rudolph appears as the primary antagonist in season 2 of the drama anthology series Manhunt, portrayed by Jack Huston.{{Cite web |title=Jack Huston plays the 'ultimate sociopath' in 'Manhunt: Deadly Games' - UPI.com |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/TV/2020/02/03/Jack-Huston-plays-the-ultimate-sociopath-in-Manhunt/1671580732955/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=UPI |language=en}}{{Cite news
| last=Spencer
| first=Samuel
| title='Manhunt Deadly Games': The True Story Details the Netflix Show Changed
| magazine=Newsweek
| publication-date=December 14, 2020
| url=https://www.newsweek.com/manhunt-deadly-games-real-life-true-story-richard-jewell-eric-rudolph-changes-netflix-1554533?amp=1
| access-date=January 9, 2021
| archive-date=November 12, 2021
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112011115/https://www.newsweek.com/manhunt-deadly-games-real-life-true-story-richard-jewell-eric-rudolph-changes-netflix-1554533?amp=1
| url-status=live
}} He is portrayed by Eric Mendenhall in the 2019 film Richard Jewell.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
{{wikisource author}}
- {{cite book|first=Maryanne|last=Vollers|author-link=Maryanne Vollers|year=2006|title=Lone Wolf: Eric Rudolph: Murder, Myth and the Pursuit of an American Outlaw|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=9780060598624}}
- {{cite book|first1=Henry|last1=Schuster|first2=Charles|last2=Stone|title=Hunting Eric Rudolph|publisher=Berkley Books|year=2005|isbn=0-425-19936-3}}
- [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4600480 Text of Rudolph's statement]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20201209081043/https://www.foxnews.com/story/raw-data-timeline-in-eric-rudolph-case Timeline in Eric Rudolph Case] – May 31, 2003
- 'Run, Rudolph, Run' essay in Seek: Reports from the Edges of America & Beyond (2001) by Denis Johnson
- {{cite book |url=https://www.armyofgod.com/EricLinesOfDrift%201_18_15Opened.pdf |title=Between the Lines of Drift: The Memoirs of a Militant, Third Edition |date=2015 |author=Eric Rudolph}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rudolph, Eric}}
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