Erie Land Light

{{Infobox lighthouse

| image = Erie Land Light, August 2013 2.jpg

| location = Lighthouse Park
Erie, Pennsylvania
United States

| coordinates = {{coord|42|8|38.1|N|80|3|44.1|W|region:US-PA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

| yearbuilt = 1818

| yearlit = 1867 (current tower)

| yeardeactivated = 1880–1885, 1899

| construction = Sandstone

| marking =

| shape = Conical

| height = {{convert|48|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on|0}}

| focalheight = {{convert|128|ft|m|abbr=on|0}}

| lens = Third-order Fresnel

| lightsource = Mineral oil

| range = {{convert|17|nmi|mi km|abbr=on|lk=in|0}}

| characteristic = {{Abbr|F|Fixed}} {{Abbr|W|White}}

| module = {{Infobox designation list

| designation1 = NRHP

| designation1_offname = Erie Land Lighthouse

| embed = yes

| designation1_date = March 30, 1978

| designation1_number = 78002397{{Cite web |url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov |title=NPS Focus |work=National Register of Historic Places |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=October 9, 2010 |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725123211/http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ |url-status=dead }}

}}

The Erie Land Light, also known as the Old Presque Isle Light, is a lighthouse on the shore of Lake Erie in Erie, Pennsylvania. It is one of the three lighthouses in Erie, along with the Presque Isle Light and the North Pier Light. The lighthouse is situated on the bluffs overlooking the lake in Lighthouse Park east of downtown Erie.

The lighthouse was originally constructed in 1818 becoming one of the first to be built by the United States on the Great Lakes. The tower was replaced in 1851 for the first time; in 1858, due to its poor foundations and soil quality, it sank into the ground. The current structure was built in 1867 and remained in service until 1880. It was reactivated five years later before being permanently decommissioned in 1899. Both the lenses and lantern were eventually removed. The Erie Land Light was sold to the city of Erie in 1934 and was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in 1936. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Design

The Erie Land Light consists of a sandstone tower and a small, one-story building attached to the tower's southern side; the entire structure was constructed from Berea sandstone lined with brick. The lighthouse tower is {{Convert|48|ft|10|in|m|0}} with a diameter of {{Convert|19|ft|m|0}} tapering to {{Convert|14|ft|m|0}}.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=3}} The interior diameter of the tower is {{Convert|8|ft|m|0}} and contains a cast iron, spiral staircase with 69 steps. The balcony where the lantern room sits is {{Convert|16|ft|m|0}} wide. The structure attached to the tower is {{Convert|8|ft|3|in|m|0}} wide, {{Convert|16|ft|3|in|m|0}} long, and {{Convert|16|ft|5|in|m|0}} tall; it is separated from the tower by {{Convert|7|ft|m|adj=mid| -tall|0}} steel doors.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|pp=3–4}}

The beacon itself, when it was in operation, was fueled by mineral oil and exhibited a fixed, white light.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=3}} It had a focal plane {{Convert|128|ft|m|0}} above mean lake level and a range of {{Convert|17|nmi|mi km|lk=in|0}}. When the current lighthouse was built a third-order Fresnel lens was installed; the lens were transferred to another lighthouse when it was deactivated. Currently, the tower is equipped with a modern marine navigational beacon.

History

In 1810, Congress authorized the construction and appropriated $1,600 for the first two lighthouses on the Great Lakes; one to be located at "the junction of Buffalo Creek and Lake Erie" and the other "on or near {{sic|Presq' isle}}".Act of May 1, 1810, ch. 48, 2 Stat. 611–612.{{sfn|Putnam|1917|p=152}} A total of {{Convert|2|to|4|acre|ha|0}} of land overlooking the entrance to the channel into Presque Isle Bay was ceded by Brigadier General John Kelso of the Pennsylvania militia on April 2, 1811 for the lighthouse.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=2}}{{sfn|Zacher|1977|loc=sec. 8, p. 1}} Both the construction of the Buffalo Main Light and the Erie Land Light were delayed until 1818.{{sfn|Putnam|1917|p=152}}

File:Erie land lighthouse pre 1914.jpg

By 1858, the original, square, {{Convert|20|ft|m|0|adj=on}} tower had begun to sink into the ground. The second tower was a {{convert|56|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall|0}}, cylindrical tower built from "Milwaukee brick".{{sfn|Bates|Brown|Russell|Weakley|1884|p=282}} The foundation of this tower was also unable to cope and had to be replaced again by 1866.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=2}} An investigation found that a layer of quicksand was below the foundation of the Erie Land Light.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=2}} To ensure the third tower remain sturdy, unlike its predecessors, the foundation was dug {{Convert|20|ft|m|0}} deep. Eight courses of oak timbers {{Convert|12|x|12|in|cm|0}} and {{Convert|20|ft|m|0}} long formed the base of the foundation. Atop the timber was poured {{Convert|6|ft|m|1}} of Portland cement mixed with crushed limestone; stone {{Convert|8|ft|m|1}} thick was laid on the concrete.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=2}} The third tower was built from sandstone. The Fresnel lens that was installed in the new tower cost $7,000 and shipped from Paris, France.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=2}} A two-story, saltbox lightkeeper's house was also built at the same time.

File:Erie Land Light HABS 1.jpg

On the recommendation of the naval inspector for the lighthouse district, the Erie Land Light was deactivated in 1880; it was sold for $1,800.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=2}} After much public outcry, the lighthouse was repurchased in 1884 for double the amount and was reactivated the next year by an act of Congress.Act of July 7, 1884, ch. 332, 23 Stat. 196–197.{{sfn|Zacher|1977|loc=sec. 8, p. 1}}{{sfn|Nelson|1896|p=556}} In 1886, the lighthouse was again decommissioned, though caretakers were still appointed and the beacon continued to operate until December 26, 1899 when it was finally extinguished.{{sfn|Morrison|1936|p=2}}{{sfn|Zacher|1977|loc=sec. 8, p. 1}} The lenses were removed in 1902 and were sent to the Marblehead Light in Ohio.{{cite web |date=March 1, 2002 |title=Erie Land (Old Presque) Light |work=Inventory of Historic Light Stations |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/maritime/light/erieland.htm |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901221638/http://www.cr.nps.gov/maritime/light/erieland.htm |archive-date=September 1, 2013 }} After the lantern room was removed, the top of the tower was covered in tar paper.{{sfn|Zacher|1977|loc=sec. 7, p. 1}} The lighthouse was acquired by the city of Erie in 1934.

= Modern use and restoration =

The Erie Land Light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 30, 1978. A wooden replica of the lantern room was placed on the tower in 1990 and was relit on December 26, 1999.{{cite book |title=Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia |last1=Wright |first1=Larry |last2=Wright |first2=Patricia |year=2006 |page=101 |publisher=Boston Mills Press |location=Erin, ON |isbn=1-55046-399-3}}{{cite journal |title=History Made at Erie's Land Light |date=May 2004 |journal=Lighthouse Digest |url=http://www.lighthousedigest.net/Digest/StoryPage.cfm?StoryKey=1940 |access-date=August 21, 2013 |issn=1066-0038 |location=South Portland, Maine}} The replica lantern room was eventually blown off of the tower on May 5, 2003 during a windstorm.{{Cite news |last=Gardener |first=Jule |title=Erie Land Lighthouse loses top in storm |date=May 6, 2003 |newspaper=Erie Times-News |page=4B}}

In 2004, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission provided $400,000 in grants for restoration work on the lighthouse. The lighthouse's interior stairs and over 200 bricks were replaced, and a {{convert|6300|lb|kg|adj=on|-1}} copper replica of the original lantern room was built. The lantern was hoisted on to the lighthouse on March 19, 2004.{{Cite news |last=Erwin |first=Erica |title=Lighthouse landmark gets its lantern room |date=March 20, 2004 |newspaper=Erie Times-News |pages=1B, 2B}} The restoration was completed on June 19, 2004.{{Cite news |last=Hahn |first=Tim |date=June 20, 2004 |newspaper=Erie Times-News |title=Project was a tall order |pages=1B, 5B}} The Erie–Western Pennsylvania Port Authority proposed in 2005 to take ownership of the Land Light from the city to increase its tourism potential, and, in 2010, to assume responsibility for the maintenance of the grounds surrounding the lighthouse.{{Cite news |last=Rhodes |first=Kara |title=Landmark seen in new light |date=December 17, 2005 |newspaper=Erie Times-News |url=http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051217/NEWS02/512170347/-1/RSS |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150522035637/http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051217/NEWS02/512170347/-1/RSS |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 22, 2015 |access-date=August 23, 2013 }}{{Cite news |last=Erwin |first=Erica |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Port, Erie could sign agreement over maintenance of bayfront sites |newspaper=Erie Times-News |url=http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2010302039942 |access-date=August 23, 2013}} The lighthouse is opened to the public annually in the summer as a fundraiser for the Erie Playhouse.{{Cite news |title=Lighthouse tours brings history to life |date=August 15, 2013 |newspaper=Erie Times-News |url=http://www.goerie.com/article/20130815/ENTERTAINMENT0818/308159946/Lighthouse-tours-to-bring-history-to-life |access-date=August 22, 2013}}

References

Sources

{{Cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Samuel P. |author-link=Samuel Penniman Bates |last5=Whitman |first5=Benjamin |last3=Russell |first3=N. W |last2=Brown |first2=R. C. |last4=Weakley |first4=F. E |title=History of Erie County, Pennsylvania |publisher=Warner and Beers |location=Chicago |year=1884 |oclc=8622308 }}
{{Cite web |last=Morrison |first=Karl E |date=October 5, 1936 |title=Land Light House |work=Historic American Buildings Survey |publisher=Library of Congress |id=PA-517 |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/PA0452/ |access-date=August 22, 2013 }}
{{Cite book |last=Nelson |first=S. B |title=Nelson's Biographical Dictionary and Historical Reference Book of Erie County, Pennsylvania |year=1896 |location=Erie, Pennsylvania}}
{{Cite book |last=Putnam |first=George Rockwell |title=Lighthouses and Lightships of the United States |year=1917 |location=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin }}
{{Cite web |last=Zacher |first=Susan M |title=Erie Land Lighthouse |work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form |date=September 13, 1977 |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=August 22, 2013 |url={{NRHP-PA|H000853_01H.pdf}} }}