Erythroxylum

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Erythroxylum monogynum Alwis.jpg

| image_caption = Erythroxylum monogynum

| taxon = Erythroxylum

| authority = P. Browne, 1756

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = 250+, see text

| synonyms = * Erythroxylon L.

}}

Erythroxylum is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the tropane alkaloid cocaine,Dr Duke's List of plants containing COCAINE {{cite web|url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/chemdisp.xsql?chemical%3DCOCAINE |title=Chemical Information |access-date=2004-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041107170238/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/chemdisp.xsql?chemical=COCAINE |archive-date=2004-11-07 }}Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006; 103: 439-447. {{doi|10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.021}} and two of the species within this genus, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense, both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea.{{cite journal |last=Johnson|first=E|author2=Zhang D|author3=Emche S |title=Inter- and Intra-specific Variation among Five Erythroxylum Taxa Assessed by AFLP |journal=Annals of Botany|year=2005|volume=95|issue=4|pages=601–608|doi=10.1093/aob/mci062|pmid=15650009|pmc=4246853}} Another species, Erythroxylum vaccinifolium (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. Erythroxylum australe was traditionally used by Australian Aborigines for rites and other practices.

Erythroxylum species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several Morpho species and Dalcera abrasa, which has been recorded on E. deciduum, and the species of Agrias.

Species

Image:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Erythroxylum citrifolium.jpg]]

File:Erythroxylum deciduum.jpg]]

File:Erythroxylum tortuosum 2.jpg]]

{{As of|2021}}, Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species:{{r|powo}}

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References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web |title=Erythroxylum P.Browne |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24933-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=8 January 2021}}

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{{Taxonbar|from=Q158138}}

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Category:Malpighiales genera

Category:Pantropical flora

Category:Taxa described in 1756

Category:Long stubs with short prose

{{Malpighiales-stub}}