Eugene Hasenfus
{{Short description|Alleged CIA operative}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2018}}
Eugene H. Hasenfus (born January 22, 1941){{cite news|title=Shultz Denies U.S. Link to Plane Downed in Nicaragua: Three Dead, Survivor Is From Wis. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-07-mn-5118-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 7, 1986 |access-date=July 28, 2020}} is a former United States Marine who helped fly weapons shipments on behalf of the U.S. government to the right wing rebel Contras in Nicaragua. The sole survivor after his plane was shot down by the Nicaraguan government in 1986, he was sentenced to 30 years in prison for terrorism and other charges, but pardoned and released the same year. The statements of admission he made to the Sandinista government resulted in a controversy in the U.S. government, after the Reagan administration denied any connection to him.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/12/weekinreview/in-summary-nicaragua-downs-plane-and-survivor-implicates-cia.html|title = Nicaragua Downs Plane and Survivor Implicates C.I.A|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 7, 2008 | date=October 12, 1986}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/03/world/hasenfus-tempers-comments-on-cia.html|title = Hasenfus Tempers Comments on CIA|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 7, 2008 | date=November 3, 1986}}
Personal life
Eugene Hasenfus was born on January 22, 1941. In 1986, he lived in Marinette, Wisconsin. The U.S. Army described him as having joined the Marine Corps in May 1960 and having spent five years in the Corps before receiving an honorable discharge. At the time of his capture, he was married to Sally Hasenfus. He had a brother named William.
Contra scandal
=Capture=
{{Further|Corporate Air Services HPF821}}
On October 5, 1986, Hasenfus was aboard a Fairchild C-123 cargo plane, N4410F, when it was shot down over Nicaragua by the Sandinista government with a Soviet SA-7 surface-to-air missile.{{cite news|last1=Omang|first1=Joanne|last2=Wilson|first2=George C|title=Questions About Plane's Origins Grow|newspaper=Washington Post|date=October 9, 1986}}{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Marjorie|date=1986-10-28|title=Nicaragua Gets More Soviet Arms : Copters, Missiles Boost Arsenal for War With Contras|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-28-mn-8021-story.html|access-date=2021-11-07|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}} The aircraft was brought down when it was approximately {{convert|35|mi|km}} north of the border with Costa Rica, and a little over {{convert|90|mi|km}} southeast of Managua, Nicaragua's capital and largest city. The plane had been flying weapons to the anti-Sandinista Contra rebels, including 50,000 rifle cartridges for the Soviet-made AK-47, 60 collapsible AK-47s, nearly as many RPG-7's, and 150 pairs of jungle boots.{{Cite book|last=Crandall|first=Russell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cwWpDAAAQBAJ|title=The Salvador Option: The United States in El Salvador, 1977–1992|date=2016-05-23|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-48343-5|pages=398|language=en}}{{Cite news|date=1986-10-09|title=Plane Downed In Nicaragua Had Colorful Past|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/ceaa01bd5104af7c771f168b04415f01}} Three members of the flight crew were killed: Hasenfus was the only survivor. The two pilots and a Nicaraguan radio operator died in the crash.{{cite news|last1=Miller|first1=Marjorie|title=Hasenfus Receives 30-Year Sentence : American Gets Maximum Penalty After Nicaragua Terrorism Conviction|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-11-16-mn-7904-story.html|access-date=June 26, 2017|newspaper=LA Times|date=November 16, 1986}} Hasenfus had been wearing a parachute, unusual for Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operatives at the time.{{cite book|last1=McPherson|first1=Alan L.|author-link=Alan McPherson|title=Intimate Ties, Bitter Struggles: The United States and Latin America Since 1945|url=https://archive.org/details/intimatetiesbitt0000mcph|date=2006|publisher=Potomac Books|pages=102–110|isbn=9781574888751}} Hasenfus managed to dive out of the open cargo hatch of the plane after it was hit by the Nicaraguan missile; he was later captured while sleeping in a makeshift hammock made from his parachute.{{cite book|last1=LeoGrande|first1=William F. |author-link = William M. LeoGrande|title=Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977–1992|date=2009|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=9780807898802|pages=477–480}}
=CIA links=
{{further|Iran–Contra affair}}
After he was captured by the Nicaraguan government, Hasenfus stated at a press conference that he had previously dropped supplies to CIA operatives in Southeast Asia, and that flights into Nicaragua were directly supervised by the CIA. His statement also included his recruitment by a friend in the CIA, an operation based in Ilopango airbase in El Salvador, supported by U.S. army colonel James Steele. The CIA and the U.S. government of Ronald Reagan denied any connection with the flight, though they said they supported any civilian effort to support the Contras. U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz stated that the plane had been paid for by private operators, and that none of the men on it had any connection to the U.S. government.
Hasenfus later repudiated his statement, saying that he was unaware if his fellow workers were employed by the CIA, and that he had only heard rumors to that effect. The men in question, Max Gomez and Ramon Medina, were Cuban Americans. The CIA had at the time been legally forbidden by the U.S. Congress from helping the Contras. Gomez and Medina had been identified as people who had helped organize covert arms supplies to the Contras.
Hasenfus was charged with "terrorism, conspiracy and disturbing public security". Hasenfus stated that he was sure, however, that the operation to supply the Contras with weapons, named Enterprise, was ultimately supervised by the U.S. government. The capture of Hasenfus provided direct evidence of a link between the Contras, and the U.S. government and the Reagan White house; documents found on the dead men linked them to Oliver North.{{cite journal |last=Armstrong |first=Scott |year=1990 |title=Iran-contra: Was the press any match for all the president's men? |journal=Columbia Journalism Review |volume=29 |issue=1}}{{cite journal|last1=Furlong|first1=William L.|title=Costa Rica: Caught between Two Worlds|journal=Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs|date=Summer 1987|volume=29|issue=2|pages=119–154|doi=10.2307/166075|jstor=166075}}
=Sentencing and aftermath=
Hasenfus was tried in Nicaragua, and on November 15, 1986, sentenced to 30 years in prison for terrorism and other charges.{{cite news|title=Hasenfus Sentence Confirmed|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/12/world/hasenfus-sentence-confirmed.html?mcubz=0|access-date=June 26, 2017|work=New York Times| date=December 12, 1986 }} His wife Sally made a plea to Nicaraguan president Daniel Ortega for clemency. Nicaraguan defense minister Humberto Ortega (President Ortega’s brother) stated later that the sentence was not directed at Hasenfus himself, but toward the "irrational, unjust policy" of the U.S. government. On December 17, 1986, Hasenfus was pardoned and released by the Nicaraguan government, at the request of U.S. Senator Christopher Dodd.{{cite news|last1=Kinzer|first1=Stephen|title=Hasenfus is Freed by Nicaraguans and Heads Home|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/18/world/hasenfus-is-freed-by-nicaraguans-and-heads-home.html?mcubz=0|access-date=June 26, 2017|work=New York Times|date=December 18, 1986}}
Hasenfus subsequently unsuccessfully sued US Air Force officer Richard Secord, who was involved with organizing weapons shipments to the Contras, Albert Hakim, Southern Air Transport and Corporate Air Services over issues relating to his capture and trial.{{cite court|litigants=Hasenfus v. Secord|vol=962|reporter=F.2d|opinion=1556|date=1992|url=http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/962/1556/92113/}} The controversy over the flight led U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Tip O'Neill to launch an investigation into the flight. The U.S. press generally suspected that there was more to the story of Hasenfus than the Reagan administration had admitted; according to scholar Scott Armstrong, this had the effect of making them more skeptical of the U.S. government's initial denial of the weapons-for-hostages deal during the Iran-Contra affair.
= Later life =
Hasenfus continued living in Wisconsin afterwards. In the 2000s he was repeatedly arrested for indecent exposure. After violating the terms of his probation by exposing himself in a Wal-Mart parking lot in Marinette in 2005, he was imprisoned for several months at the Green Bay Correctional Institution. He was released on the 19th anniversary of his release by Nicaragua.{{Cite web|date=2014-10-06|title=The exposure of Eugene Hasenfus|url=https://ticotimes.net/2014/10/06/the-exposure-of-eugene-hasenfus|access-date=2021-09-14|website=The Tico Times {{!}} Costa Rica News {{!}} Travel {{!}} Real Estate|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Thirty years ago Wednesday, Eugene Hasenfus sparked Iran-contra probe into U.S.-funded terrorism|url=https://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/10/9/1579514/-And-now-something-not-Trump-30-years-ago-Wednesday-Gene-Hasenfus-sparked-the-Iran-contra-probe|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Daily Kos}}