Eurasian scops owl

The Eurasian scops owl was formally described by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. Linnaeus cited the 1599 description by the Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi, placed it with all the other owls in the genus Strix and coined the binomial name Strix scops.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=92 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/764490 }}{{ cite book | last=Aldrovandi| first=Ulisse | author-link=Ulisse Aldrovandi | year=1599 | title=Vlyssis Aldrovandi philosophi ac medici Bononiensis historiam naturalem in gymnasio Bononiensi profitentis, Ornithologiae | volume=1 | language=Latin | location=Bononiae (Bologna, Italy) | publisher=Franciscum de Franciscis Senensem | pages=561–567, Liber 8, Cap. 4 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53875356 }} The Eurasian scops owl is now placed in the genus Otus that was introduced in 1769 by Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant.{{cite book |last=Pennant | first=Thomas | author-link=Thomas Pennant |year=1769 |title=Indian Zoology |location=London |page=3 |chapter=Otus bakkamoena |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56772643 }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Owls | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/owls/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=2 March 2022 }} The genus name is derived from the Latin {{lang|la|otus}} meaning "eared owl". The specific epithet scops is from the Ancient Greek word skōps for a little eared owl.{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n286/mode/1up 286], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n351/mode/1up 351]}} The term is believed to be of Pre-Greek origin; folk etymology links it to σκώπτω (skṓptō, "to mock") or σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, "to examine").Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10)[1], with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1365

Five subspecies are recognised:

• O. s. scops (Linnaeus, 1758) – France and Italy to the Caucasus area
• O. s. mallorcae von Jordans, 1923 – Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and northwest Africa
• O. s. cycladum (Tschusi, 1904) – southern Greece and Crete to southern Turkey, Syria and Jordan
• O. s. turanicus (Loudon, 1905) – Iraq to northwest Pakistan
• O. s. pulchellus (Pallas, 1771) – Kazakhstan to southern Siberia and western Himalayas

The Eurasian scops owl is {{cvt|19|–|21|cm|abbr=on}} in length with a wingspan of {{convert|47|–|54|cm|abbr=on}}. This is somewhat smaller than the little owl (Athene noctua). It perches upright and shows small ear-tufts. The plumage is predominantly grey-brown in colour, with a paler face, underparts and shoulder line. This species has a strong direct flight on long narrow wings, reflecting its migratory habits.{{ cite book | last1=Svensson | first1=Lars | last2=Mullarney | first2=Killian | last3=Zetterström | first3=Dan | year=2009 | title=Collins Bird Guide | edition=2nd | location=London | publisher=HarperCollins | isbn=978-0-00-726814-6 | page=232 }}

The call is a deep whistle given by both sexes. It is similar to the call of midwife toads in the genus Alytes.

File:Otus scops MWNH 0608.JPG]]

This bird breeds in southern Europe eastwards into western and central Asia. It is migratory, wintering in southernmost Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. It was spotted in Newtown area near Kolkata for a brief period during October 2021. It was the first sighting in eastern India.{{cite news |last1=Sengupta |first1=Snehal |title=Rare owl sighting in New Town |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/rare-owl-sighting-in-new-town/cid/1836249 |access-date=8 January 2022 |issue=The Telegraph |publisher=ABP |date=28 October 2021}} It is rare any distance north of its breeding range, usually occurring as a spring overshoot. It is unlikely that this nocturnal owl would be found outside the breeding season when it is not calling.

Eurasian scops owls breed in open woodland, parks and gardens. The nest is usually a hole in a tree or in a wall, but can sometimes be an old nest of another species such as a crow. The clutch is usually 4 or 5 eggs. These are white and measure {{cvt|31|x|27|mm}} and weigh around {{cvt|13|g}}. The eggs are incubated only by the female. They hatch after 24-25 days. The young are cared for and fed by both parents. They fledge when aged 21–29 days and become independent of their parents at 30–40 days of age.{{sfn|Cramp|1985|pp=462–463}}

It takes small prey such as insects and other invertebrates. It is largely nocturnal.

File:Otus scops ab cropped.png

{{Reflist}}

• {{ cite book | editor1-last=Cramp | editor1-first=Stanley | editor1-link=Stanley Cramp | year=1985 | chapter=Otus scops Scops Owl | title=Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic | volume=IV: Terns to Woodpeckers | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | pages=454–465 | isbn=978-0-19-857507-8 }}

• {{Commonscat-inline|Otus scops|Otus scops}}
• {{ cite web | last1=Blasco-Zumeta | first1=Javier | last2=Heinze | first2=Gerd-Michael | title=Eurasian Scops Owl | url=http://blascozumeta.com/wp-content/uploads/aragon-birds/non-passeriformes/267.scopsowl-oscops.pdf | work=Identification Atlas of Aragon's Birds | ref=none }}

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Category:Otus (bird)

Category:Birds of Eurasia

Category:Birds described in 1758

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus