Eurico Guterres
{{Short description|Pro-Indonesia militia leader in East Timor}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Eurico Guterres
|birth_date= {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|7|4}}
|death_date=
|birth_place= Waitame, Uatolari, Viqueque, Portuguese Timor
|death_place=
|image= 0240 Militia Leader Eurico Guterres 1999.jpg
|image_size= 150px
|caption= Eurico Guterres in 1999
|nickname=
|allegiance= Aitarak
|serviceyears= {{Start date|1999}}–{{End date|2000}}
|rank=
|commands=
|unit=
|battles=
|laterwork= Leader of PAN East Nusa Tenggara (2005–2015)
}}
Eurico Barros Gomes Guterres (born 4 July 1969)According to other sources: 17 July 1974, but this is believed to be unlikely, see http://yayasanhak.minihub.org/mot/cons92z%20-%20Eurico%20Guterres.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119193127/http://yayasanhak.minihub.org/mot/cons92z%20-%20Eurico%20Guterres.htm |date=19 November 2020 }} is a pro-Indonesian, anti-Timorese independence militiaman recruited by the Indonesian military during East Timor's bid for independence between 1999 and 2000. He was involved in several massacres in East Timor, and was a chief militia leader during the post-independence massacres and destruction of the capital Dili.
Indonesia officially convicted and sentenced Guterres to ten years imprisonment in November 2002, for which he was incarcerated in 2006 until 2008. In August 2003 he formed Laskar Merah Putih (The Red and White Warriors) in Indonesian Papua.
Elsham leader Aloysius Renwarin reported Guterres had 200 members consisting of Indonesian expatriates from Maluku, Timor and Sulawesi in December 2003 when Guterres requested the local government to provide his organisation offices in Timika, Papua.
Background
Guterres was born in Uatulari (near Viqueque), East Timor. His parents were killed in 1976 by Indonesian TNI forces due to their known pro-Fretilin views. Guterres later accused Fretilin of their deaths, after his allegiance to Indonesia was established.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
Young Guterres was brought up by an Indonesian civilian until he was sent to attend the Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic school in Becora, Dili. He left senior high school and became involved in petty crime, including involvement in a government-protected gambling hall at Tacitolu, Dili.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
In 1988, Indonesian military intelligence detained him for his alleged involvement in a plot to assassinate President Suharto, who was to visit Dili in October. At this time, Guterres switched from being pro-independence to being pro-Indonesia. He became an informer for the Army's Kopassus special forces and a double-agent against the independence movement, which expelled him around 1990.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
A counter-insurgency officer, Prabowo Subianto, recruited Guterres into Gardapaksi in 1994, an organisation that gave cheap loans to start small businesses, but also used borrowers as informants and in pro-military vigilante squads. East Timor Governor José Abílio Osório Soares supported Gardapaksi, which developed a record of human rights abuse. {{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
In 1997, with a high school certificate supposedly provided by the military, he began attending the Economics Institute in Dili. Though the Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) was run by pro-integrationist Filomeno Hornay, Guterres attended only three semesters. He is married to the niece of Bishop Nascimento of Baucau, and has three children.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
He is the primary suspect in the Liquiçá Church Massacre of April 1999, according to information gathered by the UNTAET Crime Scene Detachment.[http://www.trial-ch.org/en/trial-watch/profile/db/facts/eurico_guterres_243.html Facts and legal procedures] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021113006/http://www.trial-ch.org/en/trial-watch/profile/db/facts/eurico_guterres_243.html |date=21 October 2007 }} He was sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment in 2002 by a special court, and began serving his sentence in 2006.{{cite news |last1=Donnan |first1=Shawn |title=Pro-Jakarta militia leader begins sentence |url=https://www.ft.com/content/34ce0742-db79-11da-98a8-0000779e2340 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/34ce0742-db79-11da-98a8-0000779e2340 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |accessdate=11 February 2020 |work=Financial Times |date=4 May 2006}} In 2008, he was released from prison following an appeal to the Supreme Court of Indonesia.{{cite web |last=Sulistyawan |first=Yuli |date=4 April 2008 |title=Eurico Guterres: Saya Tidak Akan Tuntut Ganti Rugi |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/04/04/23524858/Eurico.Guterres.Saya.Tidak.Akan.Tuntut.Ganti.Rugi?page=all |accessdate=11 February 2020 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}
He was part of the National Mandate Party (Partai Amanat Nasional or PAN) between 2003 and 2004. He served as leader of PAN East Nusa Tenggara from 2005 to 2015. And then became PAN East Nusa Tenggara Counselor and PAN Central Leader Council. In October 2017, he resigned from PAN, as several of his friends had earlier quit the party.{{Cite web |last=Lewanmeru |first=Oby |editor-last=Ali |editor-first=Marsel |title=Wah! Ini Alasan Mengapa Eurico Guterres Mundur Dari Partai Amanat Nasional |url=https://kupang.tribunnews.com/2017/10/12/wah-ini-alasan-mengapa-eurico-guterres-mundur-dari-partai-amanat-nasional |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Pos-kupang.com |language=id-ID}}
See also
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024091149/http://www.trial-ch.org/en/trial-watch/profile/db/context/eurico_gutteres_569.html Trial watch]
References
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Category:People from Viqueque Municipality
Category:Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Category:Indonesian mass murderers
Category:Indonesian people convicted of murder