European Broadcasting Area
{{Short description|Region of the ITU}}
File:European Broadcasting Area.svg
The European Broadcasting Area (EBA) is defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as such:[http://www.sma.gov.jm/sites/default/files/publication_files/ITU-R_Radio_Regulations_2012_%202015_%20Article_5_Table%20of%20Frequencies.pdf ITU-R Radio Regulations (2012-2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816092114/http://sma.gov.jm/sites/default/files/publication_files/ITU-R_Radio_Regulations_2012_%202015_%20Article_5_Table%20of%20Frequencies.pdf |date=2013-08-16 }}, International Telecommunication Union, available from the Spectrum Management Authority of Jamaica. Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia were added to the EBA at the 2007 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07).
{{blockquote|The "European Broadcasting Area" is bounded on the west by the western boundary of Region 1, on the east by the meridian 40° East of Greenwich and on the south by the parallel 30° North so as to include the northern part of Saudi Arabia and that part of those countries bordering the Mediterranean within these limits. In addition, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and those parts of the territories of Iraq, Jordan, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey and Ukraine lying outside the above limits are included in the European Broadcasting Area.}}
The EBA includes territory outside Europe, and excludes some territory that is part of the European continent. For example,
Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia were defined as outside the EBA borders until 2007.{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/02/S020200001A4501PDFE.pdf|title=ITU-R Radio Regulations - Articles edition of 2004 (valid in 2004-2007)|publisher=International Telecommunication Union|year=2004|access-date=2014-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010235726/https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/oth/02/02/S020200001A4501PDFE.pdf|archive-date=2017-10-10|url-status=dead}} After the EBA was expanded by the 2007 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07) to include those three countries, the only ITU member state with territory in Europe while remaining outside the EBA is Kazakhstan.
The boundaries of the European Broadcasting Area have their origin in the regions served and linked by telegraphy cables in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The European Broadcasting Area plays a part in the definition of eligibility for active membership in the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and thus participation in the Eurovision Song Contest. {{As of|2022|02|post=,}} the European Broadcasting Union has 66 members from 55 countries, 31 associates from 20 countries, and 8 approved participants.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebu.ch/about/members|title=EBU - Members|publisher=European Broadcasting Union|access-date=2017-11-01}}
List of countries and territories within the EBA
=ITU member states=
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{flag|Albania}}
- {{flag|Algeria}}{{efn|name=partial|Partially outside the EBA.}}
- {{flag|Andorra}}
- {{flag|Armenia}}
- {{flag|Austria}}
- {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
- {{flag|Belarus}}{{efn|name=suspendedEBU|Suspended member of the EBU.}}
- {{flag|Belgium}}
- {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
- {{flag|Bulgaria}}
- {{flag|Croatia}}
- {{flag|Cyprus}}
- {{flag|Czech Republic}}
- {{flag|Denmark}}{{efn|Greenland is outside the EBA.}}
- {{flag|Egypt}}{{efn|name=partial}}
- {{flag|Estonia}}
- {{flag|Finland}}
- {{flag|France}}{{efn|Overseas regions and territories are outside the EBA.}}
- {{flag|Georgia}}
- {{flag|Germany}}
- {{flag|Greece}}
- {{flag|Hungary}}
- {{flag|Iceland}}
- {{flag|Iraq}}{{efn|name=notEBU|Not a member of the EBU.}}
- {{flag|Ireland}}
- {{flag|Israel}}{{efn|name=partial}}
- {{flag|Italy}}
- {{flag|Jordan}}
- {{flag|Latvia}}
- {{flag|Lebanon}}
- {{flag|Libya}}{{efn|name=partial}}
- {{flag|Liechtenstein}}{{efn|name=notEBU}}
- {{flag|Lithuania}}
- {{flag|Luxembourg}}
- {{flag|Malta}}
- {{flag|Moldova}}
- {{flag|Monaco}}
- {{flag|Montenegro}}
- {{flag|Morocco}}{{efn|name=partial}}
- {{flag|Netherlands}}{{efn|Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten are outside the EBA.}}
- {{flag|North Macedonia}}
- {{flag|Norway}}{{efn|Bouvet Island, Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land are outside the EBA.}}
- {{flag|Poland}}
- {{flag|Portugal}}
- {{flag|Romania}}
- {{flag|Russia}}{{efn|name=partial}}{{efn|name=suspendedEBU|Suspended member of the EBU.}}
- {{flag|San Marino}}
- {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}{{efn|name=partial}}{{efn|name=notEBU}}
- {{flag|Serbia}}
- {{flag|Slovakia}}
- {{flag|Slovenia}}
- {{flag|Spain}}{{efn|The Canary Islands are outside the EBA.}}
- {{flag|Sweden}}
- {{flag|Switzerland}}
- {{flag|Syria}}{{efn|name=assocEBU|Associate member of the EBU.}}
- {{flag|Tunisia}}
- {{flag|Turkey}}
- {{flag|Ukraine}}
- {{flag|United Kingdom}}{{efn|The British Overseas Territories, except Akrotiri and Dhekelia and Gibraltar, are outside the EBA.}}
- {{flag|Vatican City}}
{{div col end}}
=Former ITU member states=
- {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}{{efn|name=formerEBU|Formerly a member of the EBU.}}
- {{flag|East Germany}}
- {{flag|Serbia and Montenegro}}{{efn|name=formerEBU|Formerly a member of the EBU.}}
- {{flag|Soviet Union}}{{efn|name=partial}}
- {{flag|Yugoslavia}}{{efn|name=formerEBU|Formerly a member of the EBU.}}
{{notelist}}
=Dependent territories and states with limited recognition=
The following jurisdictions also rest inside the EBA borders, but cannot join the ITU or EBU due their dependent status or limited recognition:
;Dependent territories
- {{flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}}, overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
- {{flag|Faroe Islands}}, constituent country of Denmark.
- {{flag|Gibraltar}}, overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
- {{flag|Guernsey}}, Crown dependency of the United Kingdom.
- {{flag|Isle of Man}}, Crown dependency of the United Kingdom.
- {{flag|Jersey}}, Crown dependency of the United Kingdom.
;States with limited recognition
- {{flag|Abkhazia}}, claimed as an autonomous republic of Georgia.
- {{flag|Kosovo}}, claimed as an autonomous province of Serbia.
- {{flag|Northern Cyprus}}, claimed as part of Cyprus.
- {{flag|Palestine}}, disputed by Israel.
- {{flag|South Ossetia}}, claimed as part of Georgia.
- {{flag|Transnistria}}, claimed as a territorial unit of Moldova.
Companies in the European Broadcasting Area
{{Cleanup rewrite|there is a lot of unneeded info in every section. The Germany section makes no mention of ARD or ZDF, the two 'main' broadcasters, yet has three regional broadcasters. The UK has listed 'Sianel 4 Cymru', 'UK STV', and 'United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting' separately, despite the first two along with ITV and Channel 4 making up 'UKIB'|section|date=April 2018}}
= Overview =
The members of the European Broadcasting Union are able to provide their audience with a variety of channels in different countries. Every country included in the European Broadcasting Area consists of different companies that spread the news to the public in a multitude of ways. Below are some countries and the companies that deliver information and entertainment to their viewers in the European Broadcasting Area.
= Companies =
== Algeria ==
The companies in Algeria are Établissement Public de Radiodiffusion Sonore, Établissment Public de Télévision Algérienne, and Télédiffusion d'Algérie. The Etablissement Public de Radiodiffusion Sonore is the main radio company in Algeria. It consists of three different radio stations that transmit programs talking about regional, local, or international life related to Algerian nationalism. There are three different radio national channels because each one transmits programs in different languages. The first channel transmits information in Arabic while the second and third channel use the French language.{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioalgerie.dz/news/fr/about|title=A propos de la Radio Algérienne {{!}} Radio Algérienne|website=www.radioalgerie.dz|access-date=2016-10-16}} The Etablissment Public de Télévision Algérienne is the main television company in Algeria. The company's main motive is the same as Algeria's radio company which is to educate and entertain their audience with programs about regional, local, and international life along with current events from around the world.{{Cite web|url=http://www.entv.dz/tvfr/dossiers/index.php?id=4&voir=314|title=.::ETABLISSENT PUBLIC DE TELEVISION ::.|last=alger-contact@entv.dz|first=All: ENTV [www.entv.dz]; e-mail|website=www.entv.dz|access-date=2016-10-16}} The company transmits their channel to Europe, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East. The Télédiffusion d'Algérie is in charge of distributing radio and television channels and programs through technological advancements.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tda.dz/fr/Radiodiffusion|title=TDA{{!}} Radiodiffusion|website=www.tda.dz|access-date=2016-10-21|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104014414/https://www.tda.dz/fr/Radiodiffusion|archivedate=2016-11-04}}
== Belgium ==
In Belgium, the companies are Radio-Télévision Belge de la Communauté française and Vlaamse Radio en Televisieomroep. Radio-Télévision Belge de la Communauté française (RTBF) is a public corporation that is focused on the needs of French speaking Belgian citizens and their aspiration is to educate and entertain their audience.{{Cite web|url=http://www.rtbf.be/entreprise/a-propos#notre-organisation|title=À Propos de la RTBF|website=RTBF Entreprises|access-date=2016-10-16}} Their ways of distributing information are four television channels, six radio stations, their webpage, and social networks.
The Vlaamse Radio en Televisieomroep is a public service broadcasting company for Flemish people. Their focus is to provide information about the Flemish culture and identity in an open and diverse way.{{Cite web|url=http://www.vrt.be/wie-zijn-we|title=Wie zijn we {{!}} VRT|website=www.vrt.be|access-date=2016-10-16}} The company consists of a few radio stations and television news and sports programs.
== Denmark ==
In Denmark, the companies are Danmarks Radio and TV 2. Danmarks Radio (DR) is the oldest Danish Broadcasting Corporation in Denmark with regard to electronic media business.{{Cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/om-dr/about-dr|title=About dr|website=DR|access-date=2016-10-16}} Danmarks Radio broadcasts information about news and entertainment through six television channels, nine radio channels, orchestras, and apps. TV 2 is a government-owned company and is Denmark's most watched channel with a number of sister channels.{{Cite web|url=http://omtv2.tv2.dk/fakta/tv-2-i-overskrifter/|title=TV 2 I OVERSKRIFTER|website=Om TV 2|language=da-DK|access-date=2016-10-16|archive-date=2016-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104010917/http://omtv2.tv2.dk/fakta/tv-2-i-overskrifter/|url-status=dead}}
== Ireland ==
The companies in Ireland are Raidió Teilifís Éireann and TG4. Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) is a public media organization in Ireland that grants their audience extensive multi-media services.{{Cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/about/en/how-rte-is-run/2014/0310/601244-about-rte/|title=About RTÉ- Watch, Listen, Discover|last=|first=|date=|website=RTÉ About|publisher=RTÉ.ie|access-date=2016-10-16}} RTÉ distributes their programs over seven television channels, nine radio stations, and their website. TG4 is a television channel known for its use of the Irish language.{{Cite news|url=http://www.tg4.ie/ga/corporate/background/|title=Buneolas {{!}} TG4|newspaper=TG4|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-16}} TV3 is an independent channel that is available on every television in Ireland with an average of 650,000 people tuning in to watch it a day.
== France ==
Some of the companies in France are France Télévisions, France Médias Monde, and Radio France.
France Télévisions is a television company owned by the French government. It became France Télévisions with the consolidation of the television channels France 2, France 3, France 4, France 5, and France Ô.{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlinereporter.com/2011/09/13/french-public-broadcaster-goes-for-hbbtv/|title=French Public Broadcaster Goes for HbbTV|date=2011-09-13|website=The Online Reporter|access-date=2016-10-21}}
France Médias Monde controls France 24, Radio France Internationale (RFI), and Monte Carlo Doualiya.{{Cite web|url=http://www.francemediasmonde.com/page/presentation-mission.html|title=France Médias Monde|website=www.francemediasmonde.com|access-date=2016-10-21|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20160421123705/http://www.francemediasmonde.com/page/presentation-mission.html|archivedate=2016-04-21}} The company is an international broadcasting service that transmits from the South of France to different parts of the world. France 24 is the international news channel, RFI is the international radio station, and Monte Carlo Doualiya is an Arabic-speaking radio station. Radio France is a national broadcasting company made up of seven other channels and forty-four local stations.{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiofrance.fr/l-entreprise/reperes|title=Repères - Radio France|website=www.radiofrance.fr|access-date=2016-10-21}}
== Germany ==
Some of the companies in Germany are Deutsche Welle, Deutschlandradio, Rundfunk Berlin- Brandenburg, Saarländischer Rundfunk, and Südwestrundfunk.
Deutsche Welle (DW) is Germany's international broadcasting service. DW is made up of six channels that transmit in 30 different languages internationally.{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/about-dw/profile/s-30688|title=Profile {{!}} DW.COM|last=(www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche Welle|website=DW.COM|access-date=2016-10-21}} Deutschlandradio is a German radio that consists of three programs.{{Cite web|url=http://www.deutschlandradio.de/geschichte.2091.de.html|title=Geschichte|website=Deutschlandradio|language=de-DE|access-date=2016-10-21}} The three programs are Deutschlandfunk, Deutschlandfunk Kultur, and Deutschlandfunk Nova. Deutschlandfunk focuses on broadcasting information and is based in Cologne. Deutschlandfunk Kultur focuses on culture in the nation. Deutschlandfunk Nova is an entertainment program that broadcasts pop culture, news and music. Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (RBB) is a merger of Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) company and the East German Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB).{{Cite web|url=http://www.rbb-online.de/unternehmen/der_rbb/geschichte/Geschichte_des_rbb.html|title=Geschichte des rbb|website=www.rbb-online.de|access-date=2016-10-21}}
RBB consists of broadcasting information through television and radio channels. Saarländischer Rundfunk (SR) is a radio and television company in Germany. SR consists of four radio stations and three television programs.{{Cite news|url=http://www.sr.de/sr/home/der_sr/index.html|title=Der SR|last=Rundfunk|first=Saarländischer|date=2016-10-21|newspaper=SR.de|language=de-DE|access-date=2016-10-21}} Südwestrundfunk (SWR) is a public media company with many radio and television programs.{{Cite news|url=http://www.swr.de/unternehmen/organisation/das-ist-der-swr/-/id=7687068/did=12277828/nid=7687068/v9ukzm/index.html|title=Das ist der SWR {{!}} Organisation {{!}} Unternehmen|newspaper=swr.online|language=de-DE|access-date=2016-10-21}} The SWR programs consist of SWR1, SWR 2, SWR 3, SWR 4, SWRinfo, DASDING, and SWR Classic.
== Netherlands ==
In the Netherlands, some companies are KRO-NCRV, Omroep NTR, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting, Nederlandse Publieke Omroep, and Omroep MAX.
KRO-NCRV is a collaboration broadcaster made up of the association of KRO and the NCRV association.{{Cite news|url=http://www.kro-ncrv.nl/370-33391-over-de-kro-ncrv|title=Over de KRO-NCRV|newspaper=KRO-NCRV|access-date=2016-10-21|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020234854/http://www.kro-ncrv.nl/370-33391-over-de-kro-ncrv|archivedate=2016-10-20}} The company provides their audience with information about their society, their culture, and social needs.
NTR an independent public service broadcaster that provides their viewers with unique programs.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntr.nl/site/tekst/over-ntr/8#content|title=Over NTR|last=NTR|first=Omroep|website=NTR|access-date=2016-10-21}}
Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS) is a television company that transmits national Dutch news and international news.{{Cite web|url=https://over.nos.nl/onze-programmas|title=Over de NOS - Onze programma's|website=over.nos.nl|access-date=2016-10-21}} NOS provides the Dutch viewers with information about news, sports, and events with a number of television programs.
Nerderlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO) is a public service broadcaster for any who wants to watch or listen.{{Cite web|url=http://over.npo.nl/|title=Over NPO - NPO|website=over.npo.nl|access-date=2016-10-21}} NPO broadcasts through television and radio programs and social media.
Omroep MAX is a public broadcasting service specially designed with programs for people of 50 years of age and older.{{Cite web|url=http://www.omroepmax.nl/over-max/over-omroep-max/omroep-max/|title=Omroep MAX|website=Omroep MAX|access-date=2016-10-21}}
== Sweden ==
In Sweden, the companies are Sveriges Radio AB, Sveriges Television AB, and Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company.
Sveriges Radio AB (SR) is an independent radio company for the Swedish population.{{Cite web|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=3113&artikel=1971435|title=Uppdrag - Företagsfakta - Om Sveriges Radio|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|access-date=2016-10-21}} The company consists of 13 radio stations that broadcasts different information. Radio station P1 is for qualified news, P2 is for classical, jazz, and folk music, P3 is for mostly for the young adults with a variety of programs, P4 is for national and international news and pop music, etc.{{Cite web|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=3113&artikel=1971544|title=Kanaler och frekvenser - Företagsfakta - Om Sveriges Radio|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|access-date=2016-10-21}}
Sveriges Television AB (SVT) is Sweden's public service television company. SVT consists of four channels which are SVT1, SVT2, SVT24, and SVT Barn/Kunskapskanalen.{{Cite web|url=http://www.svt.se/aboutsvt/the-swedish-public-service-broadcaster|title=SVT - the Swedish public service broadcaster {{!}} SVT.se|last=Sweden|first=Sveriges Television AB, Stockholm|website=www.svt.se|access-date=2016-10-21}}
Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (UR) is in collaboration with SR and SVT and focuses on broadcasting educational programs.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ur.se/about-ur|title=About UR|website=Sveriges Utbildningsradio, UR|language=sv-SE|access-date=2016-10-21}}
== United Kingdom ==
Production in the EU and UK
Production figures in the European Union + the United Kingdom for TV fiction in 2015–2016,https://rm.coe.int/tv-fiction-production-in-the-eu-2017/16807bb1c2#:~:text=Germany%20is%2C%20by%20far%2C%20the,titles%20than%20Italy%20or%20Spain. {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}} are:
class="wikitable sortable"
|+ TV fiction titles | ||
Country | Percentage from EU | Average number of productions |
---|---|---|
{{flag|Germany}} | 36% | 335.5 |
{{flag|France}} | 17% | 152.5 |
{{flag|United Kingdom}} | 12% | 112.5 |
{{flag|Netherlands}} | 5% | 44.5 |
{{flag|Italy}} | 4% | 40.5 |
{{flag|Spain}} | 4% | 39 |
{{flag|Poland}} | 26.5 | |
{{flag|Czechia}} | 22 | |
{{flag|Sweden}} | 21 | |
{{flag|Austria}} | 17.5 | |
{{flag|Finland}} | 17 | |
{{flag|Belgium}} | 16.5 | |
{{flag|Greece}} | 13.5 | |
{{flagcountry|Republic of Ireland}} | 11 | |
{{flag|Portugal}} | 11 | |
Others | 42 |